Final Exam

What is most common is the first year after menstruation?

anovulation

During the Renaissance, a shift occurred in European thought from ________ .

asceticism to sensuality

A _____ blocks the flow of sperm through the vas deferens. a. tubal ligation b. vasectomy c. condom d. cervical ring

b. vasectomy

Which of the following infections can lead to impaired liver function? a. HIV b. viral hepatitis c. herpes d. HPV

b. viral hepatitis

Which term refers to the female external sex organs collectively? a. vagina b. vulva c. vestibule d. mons veneris

b. vulva

Which of the following is an aphrodisiac? a. Cialis b. yohimbine c. AndroGel d. Striant

b. yohimbine

What category of sexually transmitted infection applies to scabies? a. bacterial b. viral c. ectoparasitic d. acquired immune deficiency

c. ectoparasitic

What type of cancer can be caused through contact with another person?

cervical cancer

Birth itself takes place in three stages, which are ________ .

cervical effacement and dilation, expulsion of the fetus, and expulsion of the placenta

LGB youth are at greater risk for the development of ________ .

chronic diseases and mental health issues

A thin, yellowish liquid called ________ may be secreted from the nipples as the breasts prepare to produce milk for breastfeeding.

colostrum

Same-sex activity was ________ before the 13th century.

common

Gender communication can often best be understood as a form of ________ .

cross-cultural communication

A 25-year-old man will likely have a blood testosterone level of ________.

800 ng/dL ? not 200

Check My Work Kristin has just met Sean at a party. She feels an instant connection and wants to get to know him better. Which question could Kristin ask Sean that is representative of the onion theory of communication?

"Isn't that a beautiful sunset?"

What was one of the goals of sexuality according to ancient Chinese Taoist philosophy?

For women to experience orgasm during sex to allow men maximum contact with female yin, which peaks at orgasm

Sarah has had boyfriends throughout her adolescence and early adult life. She has also had sexual contact with three females. What would Sarah's Kinsey category number be?

2

Scholars generally agree that between ________ of males are gay, ________ of women are predominantly lesbian, and about ________ of people are bisexual.

2% and 4%; 1% to 3%; 3%

The ovum can live for up to ________ hours and sperm can live up to ________ hours in the female reproductive tract.

24; 72

After delivery, the uterus returns to its original size in about ________ .

6 weeks

What Apgar score is necessary for a newborn to be considered healthy?

7

According to the 2016 National College Health Assessment, what proportion of students had one sexual partner over the previous 12 months?

About Half

Alison grew up feeling that her body was not correct, and that it did not match how she felt inside. She tried to explain this to her parents, but they did not take her seriously. When she got to college, she began therapy with a gender specialist, and decided to medically transition and live her life as female. She now feels content with her body and decision to live as a woman. How would you best describe Alison?

Alison is transgender.

androgenic

Because steroids used to enhance athletic performance can increase male characteristics, they are considered ________.

Ben is engaging in sexual activity. His epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate have all emptied their contents into his urethral bulb, and his bladder has been closed off so that no urine can pass into his urethra. Where in the process of ejaculation is Ben?

Ben is in the first stage of ejaculation. He may be experiencing the sensation of "ejaculatory inevitability," as if he is going to ejaculate and nothing can stop it.

Which statement about gender role socialization in childhood is most accurate?

Children who violate sex-typed play are usually rejected by their peers, and the rejection is more intense for boys.

Who was the first researcher to ask female Americans about their sexual behavior?

Clelia Mosher

You are a sex researcher who is concerned about the effects of the problem-driven approach on your work. What would be the most effective strategy to advocate for your interests?

Collaborate with other researchers across multiple disciplines on advocacy for sex research and network with them to share resources and knowledge.

Four children are playing together, sorting dolls into piles based on their genders. One child always places bigger dolls, dolls with more muscles, and dolls who are dressed for aggressive occupations (such as superheroes or firefighters) into the "male" pile, while putting only the dolls with prominent breasts into the "female" pile. The other children have less rigidly stereotyped ideas about what sex the dolls might be, and there is less agreement among them. Assuming that the predictions made by cognitive development theorists are correct, which child is making the more stereotyped choices based on physical characteristics?

Danielle, age four

The most common chromosomal abnormality is ________ .

Down syndrome

________ involves freezing fertilized eggs to use at a later date in IVF procedures.

Embryo cryopreservation

The modern conservative attitudes toward sexuality of which countries are most profoundly influenced by Victorian views?

England and the United States

Which statement best describes the Enlightenment in Europe?

Europe experienced an unprecedented rise in premarital pregnancy and illegitimate births as a result of the liberalized sexual views.

Which researcher(s) published the first empirical study to demonstrate that homosexual and heterosexual men were impossible to differentiate based on their psychological histories?

Evelyn Hooker

How do gender roles differ, if at all, from gender traits?

Gender roles are culturally defined, whereas gender traits are biologically determined.

Where were the majority of early studies of sexuality done?

Germany

Which study was the first large, multi-country survey to research sexual attitudes, beliefs, and health in middle-age and older adults?

Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors

Which best describes the Müllerian and Wolffian ducts?

In male embryos, exposure to male sex hormones produced by the testes inhibits growth of the Müllerian duct and stimulates development of the Wolffian duct; in female embryos, lack of exposure to these hormones prevents the development of the Wolffian duct.

Which statement have researchers found to be most accurate regarding arguments between couples?

Happy couples have positive thoughts about their partner when they are arguing.

What was St. Paul's view of sexuality, which helped to shape the Christian principles of sexuality for the next 2,000 years?

He felt that sexuality should not compete for the ideal love for God.

Which statement about Islam is most accurate?

In traditional Islamic communities, women who were married to wealthy men usually lived in secluded areas in their husband's homes, called harems.

What is the most important advantage of interviews over questionnaires in sexuality research?

Interviews allow the researcher to establish a rapport with participants.

Why is Alfred Kinsey's research considered so important?

It changed public knowledge and attitudes about sexuality.

What is an outcome of the Comstock Act?

It denied Americans contraceptive devices and information about them for almost 60 years.

What is one of the problems with cognitive development theory?

It neglects social factors and differences in the ways in which diverse groups raise children.

Which sex researcher was a German doctor who became known as an expert on homosexuality, who advocated for humane treatment of homosexuals, and who helped establish the first sex research institute, which was destroyed by the Nazis in 1933?

Magnus Hirschfeld

Who pioneered women's reproductive rights and went on to establish Planned Parenthood?

Margaret Sanger

Check My Work Which statement is supported by research?

Men and women talk about the same amount.

Is it possible for people with androgen-insensitivity syndrome to be fertile?

No, because although they have testes that produce testosterone normally, they have female external genitalia and no internal female reproductive organs.

What method did Masters and Johnson use in their famous sex research?

Observational research, viewing and recording sexual behaviors in a laboratory setting

What is a risk of sex researchers relying on pharmaceutical-company research funds instead of federal funding?

Pharmaceutical companies can promote certain dysfunctions to "medicalize" the conditions and create a need for medic

Men's penises become erect during a part of sleep known as the ________ .

REM (rapid eye movement) cycle

Which student has a correct understanding of sexuality in ancient India?

Samantha: "The Kama Sutra proposed that intercourse should be passionate, with scratching, biting, and animal noises made by the lovers."

What does "homologous" mean with reference to male and female sex organs?

Sex organs are homologous if they began from the same prenatal tissue in male and female embryonic development.

Which idea best characterizes Victorian-era attitudes toward sexuality?

Sexuality was repressed, even to the extent that men were advised to conserve their semen by having sex infrequently.

Students in your class are discussing Bern's theory of androgyny. Which student has the view most similar to contemporary researchers' ideas about androgyny?

Shauna: "Suggesting that people should combine both 'masculine' and 'feminine' behaviors just reinforces outdated ideas of gender. Besides, what we consider to be masculine and feminine has changed over time."

Jenna wants to have a romantic evening with her boyfriend Mark. What is the most effective way for her to communicate this?

She should directly tell Mark what she wants and why, and ask Mark for his input.

Hyung Chol is a 12-year-old boy in the midst of puberty. The negative feedback system in his hypothalamus has just received a signal to inhibit production of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn will cause inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) production in his testes. What will happen next?

Testosterone production in Hyung Chol's testes will decrease.

Which historical event is considered by most to represent the advent of the modern gay liberation movement?

The 1969 Stonewall riot, in which patrons of a gay bar in New York reacted violently to a police raid

What were the findings of the 2006 Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey?

The age at first vaginal intercourse is oldest in India.

According to your text, which statement best describes family communication and children?

The communication style of a family can affect a child's self-esteem, mental well-being, and potential for depression.

During which phase of menstruation do follicles in the ovary begin to ripen while estrogen, released by the ovaries, stimulates the first stage of regrowth of the endometrium's outer layer?

The follicular phase

Which statement best describes gender attitudes towards aging in our current society?

The majority of older women equate gray hair with ugliness and poorer health.

What is the main problem with correlational sexuality studies

They do not provide any information about causes of sexual behaviors.

What is the main problem with correlational sexuality studies?

They do not provide any information about causes of sexual behaviors.

Which statement about the role of women in the workplace best describes the findings Boushey & O'Leary (2010)?

U.S. women in low-income families are the primary breadwinners in two-thirds of their families.

In what way, if any, do volunteers for sexuality studies differ from nonvolunteers, according to research?

Volunteers are more sexually liberal and experienced than nonvolunteers.

Which description of human sex cells is most accurate?

When the father's gamete joins with the mother's gamete, the result contains the same number of chromosomes that a somatic cell usually contains.

Which is a symptom of an inguinal hernia?

a bulge that slides back and forth within the scrotum

A child who is born with gonads of one gender but with ambiguous external genitalia has ________ .

a disorder of sex development

Which type of theorist would most likely use a qualitative survey method, in which in-depth interviews or focus-groups allow the participants to collaborate with the researchers, sharing their unique concerns and equalizing power differences between researchers and participants?

a feminist theorist

More than 80% of college students update their Facebook statuses ________ (Manago et al.,2012).

a few times each week

Fifteen-year-old James comes to his parents to tell them that he is gay. They react negatively, shunning him for days, and begging him to be different. What is the biggest risk James faces?

a health risk

Some musical instruments were believed to threaten ladylike composure in Victorian women. Which musical instrument would a Victorian lady be allowed to play?

a piano

What is informed consent?

a process whereby participants learn what to expect from the questions and procedures in a research project, how the information will be used, how their confidentiality will be protected, and whom they can ask if they have questions

What is a common symptom of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS)?

a scarlet-colored rash

A mild to sweet ejaculate is often due to ________ .

a vegetarian diet or one high in fruits

Which of the following would take the most positive stance toward the GLBT community? a. a Muslim mosque b. an Episcopal church c. a Catholic church d. an Orthodox Jewish temp

a. a Muslim mosque

What is the United Nations' target date for eradicating AIDS around the world? a. 2030 b. 2040 c. 2050 d. 2060

a. 2030

What percentage of people return to their previous level of sexual activity following a heart attack? a. 25 percent b. 40 percent c. 60 percent d. 85 percent

a. 25 percent

Emergency contraception should be taken within _____ of unprotected vaginal intercourse. a. 72 hours b. 24 hours c. 36 hours d. 7 days

a. 72 hours

Which statement have researchers found to be most accurate regarding arguments between couples? a. Happy couples have positive thoughts about their partner when they are arguing. b. Happy couples tend to have few arguments, while unhappy couples argue frequently. c. Women are most likely to withdraw after an argument, whereas men are more likely to demand a reaffirmation of closeness. d. Unhappy couples have issues that cannot be resolved, whereas happy couples are able to resolve all of their issues.

a. Happy couples have positive thoughts about their partner when they are arguing.

Who was one of the first people to advocate the importance of birth control? a. Margaret Sanger b. Alan Guttmacher c. Anthony Comstock d. Alice Paul

a. Margaret Sanger

During what Tanner stage does the level of estrogen in biological males begin to rise significantly? a. Stage II b. Stage III c. Stage V d. No stage

a. Stage II

xAccording to your text, which statement best describes communication and children? a. The communication style of a family can affect a child's self-esteem, mental well-being, and potential for depression. b. In healthy communication styles, parents shield their children from negative news stories. c. Negative communication styles that are learned from one's parents can be easily relearned in adulthood. d. We learn negotiation, conflict avoidance, arguing, and interpersonal skills for romantic relationships primarily from our peers.

a. The communication style of a family can affect a child's self-esteem, mental well-being, and potential for depression.

What is informed consent? a. a process whereby participants learn what to expect from research procedures, how the information will be used, and how their confidentiality will be protected b. a process whereby parents allow their minor-age children to participate in sensitive research c. a set of forms, required by Institutional Review Boards and university ethical guidelines, that participants must sign before they can participate in a research project d. the way that participants respond when they are asked what they understand about the research project during debriefing

a. a process whereby participants learn what to expect from research procedures, how the information will be used, and how their confidentiality will be protected

What is a somatic symptom of premenstrual dysphoric disorder? a. abdominal bloating b. poor concentration c. mood swings d. increased eating

a. abdominal bloating

The most effective way to avoid STI transmission is to _____. a. abstain from oral, vaginal, and anal sex b. have one partner c. use a condom and a spermicide d. wash after every sexual encounter

a. abstain from oral, vaginal, and anal sex

Which age group currently accounts for the highest rates of HIV in the United States? a. ages 20 to 29 b. ages 30 to 39 c. ages 40 to 49 d. ages 50 to 59

a. ages 20 to 29

Which method would be impossible to use in research on the effects of sexual abuse on young children due to ethical reasons? a. an experiment b. a case study c. a correlational study d. a questionnaire

a. an experiment

Interactional theory proposes that homosexuality results from a complex interaction of _____. a. biological, psychological, and social factors b. social experiences and rewards c. genetics and home environment d. brain size, self-image, and sexual development

a. biological, psychological, and social factors

Which of the following methods has the lowest average effectiveness rate? a. coitus interruptus b. cervical cap c. fertility awareness d. hormonal patch

a. coitus interruptus

According to your textbook, genital self-stimulation in infancy is _____. a. common, and many infants will touch their genitals as soon as they are coordinated enough to do so. b. common only in male infants while nursing, whereas female children do not show a corresponding response until puberty. c. usually repelling and alarming to mothers in all cultures. d. common only among infants who are stressed or deprived of normal outlets for nonsexual curiosity and play.

a. common, and many infants will touch their genitals as soon as they are coordinated enough to do so.

Gender communication can often best be understood as a form of _____. a. cross-cultural communication b. social norm bias c. genderlect communication d. social stratification

a. cross-cultural communication

What is the MAIN basis of sexuality for a three-year-old child? a. curiosity about themselves, their bodies, and the bodies of others b. privacy and secrecy c. a desire to establish close, loving relationships with others d. feeling sexual pleasure

a. curiosity about themselves, their bodies, and the bodies of others

Which of the following is one of the most prevalent types of female sexual dysfunctions? a. desire/arousal disorder b. hypoactive sexual disorder c. aphasia d. asexuality

a. desire/arousal disorder

Which process is controlled by various endocrine factors, including testosterone, oxytocin, prolactin, and thyroid hormones? a. ejaculatory b. erectile c. orgasmic d. sexual

a. ejaculatory

The part of the body where sperm mature for 10 to 14 days is known as the _____. a. epididymis b. interstitial cells c. vas deferens d. flagellum

a. epididymis

Overall, relationship issues are most strongly related to the development of _____. a. female sexual dysfunctions b. male sexual dysfunctions c. asexuality d. sexual fetishes

a. female sexual dysfunctions

The culturally defined behaviors that are seen as appropriate for males and females are called _____. a. gender roles b. gender traits c. sex differences d. gender differences

a. gender roles

Which theory suggests that many people would not comment on how strong a little girl is becoming simply because the word "strong" is not part of their already established idea of women? a. gender schema theory b. cognitive development theory c. social learning theory d. evolutional theory

a. gender schema theory

Tomas is seven years old. He lives with his parents and his three siblings. From which person is Tomas most likely to gain sexual knowledge? a. his siblings b. the media c. his doctor d. his teacher

a. his siblings

The purpose of the instrument known as a speculum is to ____. a. hold open the vagina during a pelvic exam b. scrape cells from the cervix for later examination c. view structures within the abdomen and pelvis d. destroy diseased tissue, including cancer cells

a. hold open the vagina during a pelvic exam

A condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of fluid within the tissue surrounding the testicle is known as a _____. a. hydrocele b. priapism c. inguinal canal d. inguinal hernia

a. hydrocele

Which of the following spurred development of a large-scale sexuality study known as the National Health and Social Life Survey? a. increased concerns about HIV and AIDS, and a desire to understand sexual behaviors at the root of these infections b. liberal sexual attitudes at that time, which made sex research more permissible c. increased congressional funding for the study of sexuality d. a lessening of the power of conservative political groups that opposed such research following the 1960s and 1970s

a. increased concerns about HIV and AIDS, and a desire to understand sexual behaviors at the root of these infections

Hormonal methods of contraception work by _____. a. interrupting ovulation b. preventing an ovum from being fertilized c. preventing a zygote from developing d. preventing sperm from traveling after ejaculation

a. interrupting ovulation

Society appears to be less threatened by _____ sexuality. a. lesbian b. gay c. bisexual d. transgender

a. lesbian

What form of communication is reflected in a man sending flowers to his girlfriend to express love? a. nonverbal communication b. male genderlect c. computer-mediated communication d. subliminal messages

a. nonverbal communication

Several studies have found that male circumcision _____. a. offers protection from HIV infection b. increases the rates of cervical cancer in female partners c. has been performed on infants as a rite of passage d. leads to later onset of sexual activity

a. offers protection from HIV infection

Barrier methods of birth control work by _____. a. preventing the sperm from entering the uterus b. preventing the ovum from being released c. preventing the man from ejaculating d. preventing the sperm from entering the vagina

a. preventing the sperm from entering the uterus

Patrick's semen empties into his bladder instead of being ejaculated outside his body through the urethra. Patrick has _____. a. retrograde ejaculation b. delayed ejaculation c. early ejaculation d. erectile dysfunction

a. retrograde ejaculation

What term refers to a problem that occurs during certain sexual activities or with certain partners? a. situational sexual dysfunction b. lifelong sexual dysfunction c. acquired sexual dysfunction d. generalized sexual dysfunction

a. situational sexual dysfunction

Which country has the lowest rates of teenage pregnancy and abortion in the world? a. the Netherlands b. Brazil c. Japan d. Russia

a. the Netherlands

Which type of online communication is comparable to tag questions in face-to-face communication? a. using emoticons b. texting c. instant messaging d. e-mailing

a. using emoticons

The entire region of the vulva between the labia minora is known as the _____. a. vestibule b. urethral meatus c. introitus d. perineum

a. vestibule

the majority of abortions in the United States occur during which period? a. weeks 1 through 8 b. weeks 9 through 12 c. weeks 13 through 16 d. weeks 17 through 24

a. weeks 1 through 8

When does research suggest that boys are first capable of having an erection? a. while still in the womb b. immediately after birth c. three to five years before puberty d. at puberty

a. while still in the womb

What is a somatic symptom of premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

abdominal bloating

What practice was usually forbidden in ancient Egypt?

abortion

When is the best time for a pre-menopausal woman to perform a breast self-examination (BSE)?

about one week after menstruation

What begins the process of "coming out?"

acknowledging one's sexual identity to oneself

According to your text, what are two of the most common symptoms of testicular torsion?

acute scrotal pain and swelling

The liberalization of sex in the United States during the 1700s led to which change?

an decrease in the birth rate

Apart from pregnancy, secondary amenorrhea is most likely to be caused by ________ .

an eating disorder

Sexual orientation refers to ________ .

an emotional, physical, sexual, and romantic attraction to persons of the same, other, or both sexes

You are researching the effects of sexual abuse of children on their later sexuality. Which research method would be IMPOSSIBLE for you to use in your research due to ethical reasons?

an experiment

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, physicians and scientists began to suggest that homosexuality was not a sin but ________ .

an illness

Which research study would most likely be conducted by a sociological theorist?

an observational study comparing the role of the family and religious influences in two different cultures

Which is the term for the hormonal phase of a man's life that is comparable to menopause in women?

andropause

Estimates suggest that it takes _____ years to develop a new contraceptive method. a. 1 to 2 b. 10 to 14 c. 5 to 10 d. 3 to 6

b. 10 to 14

At what age does a boy's body begin to generate sperm? a. 10 b. 12 c. 13 d. 15

b. 12

What proportion of heterosexual women experience pain during vaginal penetration in intercourse? a. 5 percent b. 15 percent c. 25 percent d. 30 percent

b. 15 percent

What is the lowest level of T helper cells a person can have before being diagnosed with AIDS? a. 50 b. 200 c. 500 d. 1,600

b. 200

About how many people in the world today are living with HIV? a. 15 million b. 35 million c. 80 million d. 110 million

b. 35 million

Alison grew up feeling that her body did not match how she felt inside. She tried to explain this to her parents, but they did not take her seriously. When she got to college, she began therapy with a gender specialist, and decided to medically transition and live her life as female. She now feels content with her body and decision to live as a woman. How would you best describe Alison? a. Alison is a lesbian. b. Alison is transgender. c. Alison is genderqueer. d. Alison is pangender.

b. Alison is transgender.

Which of the following groups has the highest rate of HIV among the transgender community? a. Hispanic transgender women b. Black transgender men c. White transgender men d. Black transgender women

b. Black transgender men

Who was the first researcher to ask female Americans about their sexual behavior? a. Magnus Hirschfeld b. Clelia Mosher c. Alfred Kinsey d. Virginia Johnson

b. Clelia Mosher

Which is the most accurate statement regarding puberty? a. In most children, the first outward signs of puberty begin at age 6 or 7. b. In girls, breast buds and pubic hair are typically the first outward signs of puberty to appear. c. Boys typically experience semenarche before girls have menarche. d. Most boys are excited about their first ejaculation, and usually tell their closest male friend that this event has occurred.

b. In girls, breast buds and pubic hair are typically the first outward signs of puberty to appear.

Which of the following best describes the Müllerian and Wolffian ducts? a. Male embryos initially begin with Wolffian ducts, and female embryos initially begin with Müllerian ducts; these separate sets of ducts are the only thing that differentiate male from female embryos from conception onward. b. In male embryos, exposure to male sex hormones produced by the testes inhibits growth of the Müllerian duct and stimulates development of the Wolffian duct; in female embryos, lack of exposure to these hormones prevents the development of the Wolffian duct. c. In male embryos, the Müllerian duct develops into male genitalia, whereas in female embryos, the Wolffian duct develops into female genitalia. d. The Müllerian duct is the primitive structure that develops, in both males and females, into internal sex organs, whereas the Wolffian duct develops into external genitalia.

b. In male embryos, exposure to male sex hormones produced by the testes inhibits growth of the Müllerian duct and stimulates development of the Wolffian duct; in female embryos, lack of exposure to these hormones prevents the development of the Wolffian duct.

Why is Alfred Kinsey's research considered so important? a. It contradicted theories about homosexuality as a disorder. b. It changed public knowledge and attitudes about sexuality. c. It conducted observation of subjects engaged in intercourse. d. It was conducted with funding from a major corporation.

b. It changed public knowledge and attitudes about sexuality.

What method did Masters and Johnson use in their famous sex research? a. A large-scale interview method, collecting detailed data on the sexual histories of thousands of participants b. Observational research, viewing and recording sexual behaviors in a laboratory setting c. Psychological research, interviewing participants over several hours in small focus groups d. Telephone survey research, administering a standardized questionnaire to a random sample of Americans

b. Observational research, viewing and recording sexual behaviors in a laboratory setting

What is the BEST explanation for why a nine-year-old child displays less sexual behavior than a two- year-old child? a. Children enter a sexual latency period after about age four and until puberty in which sexual pleasure becomes less important to them than it is either earlier or later in development. b. Older children are more aware that sex is private than younger children, and are more likely to hide their sexual behaviors and become more sophisticated at hiding them. c. Children at this age dislike socializing with children of the other gender, which limits opportunities to engage in sexual play. d. Nine-year-olds, unlike two-year-olds, are not going through a period of sexual discovery.

b. Older children are more aware that sex is private than younger children, and are more likely to hide their sexual behaviors and become more sophisticated at hiding them.

How does HIV differ from the herpes virus? a. Treatment can kill HIV cells. b. People can die from having HIV. c. HIV stays in the body for life. d. Skin cells can transmit HIV.

b. People can die from having HIV.

What is a risk of sex researchers relying on pharmaceutical-company research funds instead of federal funding? a. Pharmaceutical companies have less research funding. b. Pharmaceutical companies can promote certain dysfunctions to "medicalize" the conditions and create a need for medication. c. Pharmaceutical companies might fund studies that conservative groups consider immoral. d. Pharmaceutical companies are only interested in psychological and emotional aspects of sex research.

b. Pharmaceutical companies can promote certain dysfunctions to "medicalize" the conditions and create a need for medication.

Which is one common motive for performing female genital mutilation in some cultures? a. to prevent menstruation b. to protect a girl's virginity c. to retain masculine parts d. for medical reasons

b. to protect a girl's virginity

In what way, if any, do volunteers for sexuality studies differ from nonvolunteers, according to research? a. The two groups do not differ significantly from one another. b. Volunteers tend to be more sexually liberal and experienced than nonvolunteers. c. Volunteers tend to be less sexually liberal but more experienced than nonvolunteers. d. Nonvolunteers have refused to participate in sexuality research, so we cannot make comparative statements about them.

b. Volunteers tend to be more sexually liberal and experienced than nonvolunteers.

Which of the following is a symptom of an inguinal hernia? a. an excessive amount of fluid in the tissue surrounding the testicles b. a bulge that slides back and forth within the scrotum c. lesions on the penis d. low blood pressure

b. a bulge that slides back and forth within the scrotum

A child who is born with gonads of one gender but with ambiguous external genitalia has _____. a. symptoms of andropause b. a disorder of sex development c. hermaphroditism d. a disorder of gender development

b. a disorder of sex development

According to the 2016 National College Health Assessment, what proportion of students had one sexual partner over the previous 12 months? a. about one-third b. about one-half c. about two-thirds d. about three-fourths

b. about one-half

Apart from pregnancy, secondary amenorrhea is most likely to be caused by _____. a. a lack of exercise b. an eating disorder c. premature development d. underdeveloped reproductive organs

b. an eating disorder

Because steroids used to enhance athletic performance can increase male characteristics, they are considered ________. a. dystopic b. androgenic c. gonadotropic d. anabolic

b. androgenic

Which is the term for the hormonal phase of a man's life that is comparable to the cessation of menstrual periods in women? a. gynecomastia b. andropause c. spermatogenesis d. libido

b. andropause

A person diagnosed with gonorrhea will receive a prescription for which of the following? a. antifungals b. antibiotics c. antiretrovirals d. anti-inflammatories

b. antibiotics

What is the most effective course of treatment for syphilis? a. antiretrovirals b. antibiotics c. antihistamines d. antifungals

b. antibiotics

When ____ levels are high, physiological arousal may be impossible. a. vasocongestion b. anxiety c. oxytocin d. estrogen

b. anxiety

Many experts today believe that ________ involves a lack of sexual attraction, rather than a lack of sexual desire. a. dyspareunia b. asexuality c. paraphilia d. erectile dysfunction

b. asexuality

Why were physicians viewed as the foremost experts on sexuality during the late 19th century? a. because almost all physicians were men, and women were not considered to be their intellectual equals at the time b. because physicians were experts in biology and the body, even though they often had little or no specialized knowledge of sexual topics c. because physicians had conducted the most scientific and methodologically rigorous studies of sexuality at the time d. because sex researchers who were not physicians were discredited

b. because physicians were experts in biology and the body, even though they often had little or no specialized knowledge of sexual topics

The RISUG and Vasalgel contraceptive methods are designed to ________. a. prevent ejaculation b. block sperm c. destroy sperm d. delay ovulation

b. block sperm

Which of the following STIs is a person LEAST likely to contract in the United States? a. scabies b. chancroid c. trichomoniasis d. genital warts

b. chancroid

After taking hormones to develop more feminine features, Carol is preparing for metoidoplasty and scrotoplasty so she will physically appear like the woman she has always felt to be inside. The preferred term for Carol's operation is gender ________ surgery. a. assimilation b. confirmation c. socialization d. reassignment

b. confirmation

During what period do people learn the most about their bodies? a. infancy b. early childhood c. middle childhood d. adolescence

b. early childhood

Which of the following is a key aspect of some fertility-based awareness methods of contraception? a. male ejaculate volume b. female body temperature c. female sleep/wake cycle d. male testosterone level

b. female body temperature

The results of research with 1,200 participants that accurately reflect on the overall population can be considered ________. a. complementary b. generalizable c. valid d. reliable

b. generalizable

From a health perspective, what is the most important thing a sexually active person should do? a. look online for safe sex tips b. get tested for STIs c. engage in oral sex only d. take prophylactic antibiotics

b. get tested for STIs

Craig is a 60-year-old man with a history of marijuana dependence. Recently, he has noticed that his breasts appear to be enlarged in size. From what disorder is Craig most likely suffering? a. breast cancer b. gynecomastia c. cryptorchidism d. Peyronie's disease

b. gynecomastia

Bill is only sexually attracted to other men. Which of the following terms best defines Bill's sexual orientation? a. gynesexual b. homosexual c. bisexual d. pansexual

b. homosexual

When boys on the playground hang out with boys and the girls hang out with girls, the children are engaging in ________ play. a. binary b. homosocial c. cisgendered d. schematic

b. homosocial

Which of the following methods requires a woman to have a surgical procedure? a. ring b. implant c. IUD d. vasectomy

b. implant

Which procedure is performed for transwomen engaging in surgical transition? a. phalloplasty b. vaginoplasty c. metoidioplasty d. scrotoplasty

b. vaginoplasty

Which is the MOST common psychosexual complaint of menopausal women? a. headaches and insomnia associated with fluctuating hormone levels b. lack of tenderness and sexual contact with a partner c. decreased sexual desire and frequency of sexual activity d. osteoporosis resulting in brittle bones

b. lack of tenderness and sexual contact with a partner

The muscular layer of uterine tissue that contracts to expel menstrual fluid and to expel a baby from the uterus during delivery is called the _____. a. perimetrium b. myometrium c. endometrium d. cervix

b. myometrium

Joanna and Tricia are arguing. Tricia says to Joanna, "Why do you always yell at me? You never have anything nice to say about our relationship!" What is the name of this type of nonconstructive communication technique? a. deflection b. name-calling c. overgeneralization d. overkill

b. name-calling

Overall, oral contraceptive use decreases the risks of _____, but may increase the risks of _____. a. cervical and breast cancers; ovarian and endometrial cancers b. ovarian and endometrial cancers; cervical and breast cancers c. uterine and ovarian; bladder and breast d. colon and breast; testicular and prostate

b. ovarian and endometrial cancers; cervical and breast cancers

Which gynecological cancer is MOST likely to be fatal for a woman diagnosed with it? a. breast cancer b. ovarian cancer c. cervical cancer d. endometrial cancer

b. ovarian cancer

What is the most important influence on the sexual behavior of teens? a. parents b. peers c. religion d. the media

b. peers

Parental rejection of a child who comes out as homosexual _____. a. is a normal psychological reaction b. poses a health risk for the child c. can reduce the child's same-sex desires d. often expands to full community rejection

b. poses a health risk for the child

The foreskin of the penis is also called the _____. a. corona b. prepuce c. epididymis d. ampulla

b. prepuce

The most frequently diagnosed cancer in men after skin cancer is _____. a. breast cancer b. prostate cancer c. testicular cancer d. penile cancer

b. prostate cancer

People from individualistic cultures tend to ____. a. live in Asia and Latin America b. readily disclose personal information to a wide variety of people c. rely on subtle and nonverbal cues in their communication techniques d. beat around the bush, but expect their listeners to know what they mean

b. readily disclose personal information to a wide variety of people

Kayla is an Olympic speed skater, and because of her demanding training regimen, she usually stops menstruating during the speed-skating season. Before she started skating, she had a period every month. What is her condition called? a. primary amenorrhea b. secondary amenorrhea c. menorrhagia d. dysmenorrhea

b. secondary amenorrhea

Carmen is having a hard time expressing herself to her boyfriend. She would rather keep her feelings and thoughts to herself because she is afraid of being vulnerable. Carmen is having trouble with _____. a. narcissism b. self-disclosure c. nonverbal communication d. identity management

b. self-disclosure

You have just been told that your newborn child has Turner syndrome. Which set of features can you expect in your child over the course of development? a. unusual body proportions, gynecomastia, feminized body contours, small testes, low levels of testosterone, and possible verbal deficits b. short stature, a relatively high-pitched voice, immature breast development, and abnormalities of certain internal organs, and infertility c. male external genitalia, normal testicles, greater risk of mild mental retardation, some genital irregularities, and decreased fertility or infertility d. female external genitalia, female internal sexual organs, greater risk of mild mental retardation, and decreased fertility or infertility

b. short stature, a relatively high-pitched voice, immature breast development, and abnormalities of certain internal organs, and infertility

Many men and women who have sex while serving time in prison are practicing ________. a. nonconsensual sex b. situational homosexuality c. pansexual tendencies d. skoliosexual behavior

b. situational homosexuality

Which of the following is a behavioral approach to treating early ejaculation? a. EROS b. squeezing c. vacuum constriction d. dilation

b. squeezing

The term homophobia describes which of the following? a. normal reaction in heterosexuals toward homosexual advances b. strongly negative attitudes towards homosexuals and homosexuality c. extreme, uncontrollable fear accompanied by obsessive avoidance d. derogatory term used to describe people who do not agree with LGB lifestyles

b. strongly negative attitudes towards homosexuals and homosexuality

Which person is more likely to report "affection for their partner" as a reason for engaging in their first act of sexual intercourse? a. teen boys b. teen girls c. Neither; teen boys and girls are equally likely to first engage in intercourse for this reason. d. Neither, both teen boys and girls overwhelmingly report "curiosity" as their reason for choosing to engage in intercourse for the first time.

b. teen girls

The twisting of a testis on its spermatic cord is known as _____. a. cryptorchidism b. testicular torsion c. priapism d. Peyronie's disease

b. testicular torsion

Which part of the female breast is the milk-secreting gland? a. the areolas b. the alveoli c. the mammary ducts d. the lactiferous sinuses

b. the alveoli

Communicating something to another person consists of ________ goals. a. two unrelated b. three competing c. four successive d. five complementary

b. three competing

What is the function of prostate gland secretions? a. to provide nutrition for developing sperm b. to neutralize the acidic pH of a woman's vagina c. to destroy faulty sperm d. to produce testosterone

b. to neutralize the acidic pH of a woman's vagina

Why were physicians viewed as the foremost experts on sexuality during the late 19th century?

because physicians were experts in biology and the body, even though they often had little or no specialized knowledge of sexual topics

Interactional theory proposes that homosexuality results from a complex interaction of ________ .

biological, psychological, and social factors

Which type of female communication involves an in-depth account of events, usually related to an injustice that has happened to the speaker?

bitching

After the first cell division, the developing human being is referred to as a(n) ________ .

blastocyst

The majority of LGB youth report having experienced ________ .

bullying or hate crimes

Which of the following statements reflects the first layer of the onion theory of communication? a. "What was your childhood like?" b. "What do you think of the president's foreign policy?" c. "Isn't that a beautiful sunset?" d. "Are you dating anyone?"

c. "Isn't that a beautiful sunset?"

A 25-year-old man will likely have a blood testosterone level of ________. a. 200 ng/dL b. 800 ng/dL c. 1200 ng/dL d. 2000 ng/dL

c. 1200 ng/dL

When was HIV/AIDS first identified by the medical community? a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s

c. 1980s

In what year did the Supreme Court strike down laws prohibiting consensual same-sex behavior? a. 1961 b. 1973 c. 2003 d. 2010

c. 2003

South Africa is considered the most tolerant African country in terms of homosexuality, legalizing same-sex marriage in 1998. What percentage of South Africans believe that society should accept homosexuality? a. 30 percent b. 50 percent c. 65 percent d. 85 percent

c. 65 percent

About ________ of White women will develop uterine fibroids before they turn 50. a. 30 percent b. 55 percent c. 70 percent d. 85 percent

c. 70 percent

What is the highest contraceptive success rate when using spermicide alone? a. 96% b. 91% c. 82% d. 74%

c. 82%

What is one of the least understood, least common, and least studied sexual dysfunctions? a. erectile dysfunction b. early ejaculation c. delayed ejaculation d. sexual desire disorder

c. delayed ejaculation

The statement, "I could be wrong, but I think we need to revise this plan," is an example of a _____. a. icebreaker b. lead in c. disclaimer d. counterargument

c. disclaimer

Which statement best describes childhood sexuality? a. Children can be considered to be "little adults" in most aspects of their lives, including their sexuality. b. Children's sexual behaviors are based on motives similar to those of adults. c. Children want love, appreciate sensuality, and engage in behaviors that set the stage for adult sexuality. d. Children having an erection experience something similar to the sexual feelings of adults during erections.

c. Children want love, appreciate sensuality, and engage in behaviors that set the stage for adult sexuality.

Which statement about gender role socialization in childhood is most accurate? a. Children begin to model gender-appropriate behavior as early as age one. b. Girls are treated more harshly than boys when they adopt cross-gender characteristics. c. Children who violate sex-typed play are usually rejected by their peers, and the rejection is more intense for boys. d. Girls are enjoying happier childhoods than they were 20 years ago, but boys' quality of life has not changed.

c. Children who violate sex-typed play are usually rejected by their peers, and the rejection is more intense for boys.

What would be the most effective strategy for a sex researcher who is concerned about the effects of the problem-driven approach to advocate for their interests? a. Encourage pharmaceutical companies to fill the void in financial support caused by decreased federal funding for research. b. Quietly conduct research on normal, healthy sexuality, using minimal research funds and not actively publicizing any controversial findings. c. Collaborate with other researchers across multiple disciplines on advocacy for sex research and network with them to share resources and knowledge. d. Encourage contraceptive manufacturers to provide funding for research.

c. Collaborate with other researchers across multiple disciplines on advocacy for sex research and network with them to share resources and knowledge.

Which of the following was the first large, multi-country survey to research sexual attitudes, beliefs, and health in middle-age and older adults? a. Durex Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey b. The National Survey of Sexual Behavior and Health Study c. Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors d. The National Health and Social Life Survey

c. Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors

What is the most important advantage of interviews over questionnaires in sexuality research? a. People tend to be more honest about their sexuality during interviews. b. Interviews are less expensive to conduct than questionnaires. c. Interviews allow the researcher to establish a rapport with participants. d. Interviews do not allow participants to skip uncomfortable questions as easily as questionnaires, providing more data about sensitive topics.

c. Interviews allow the researcher to establish a rapport with participants.

hich statement is supported by research? a. Men tend to talk more than women. b. Women tend to talk more than men. c. Men and women talk about the same amount. d. Research has not found any conclusions about this subject.

c. Men and women talk about the same amount.

What does "homologous" mean with reference to male and female sex organs? a. Sex organs are homologous if they serve similar functions in men and women. b. Sex organs are homologous if they are influenced by the same hormones during development in men and women. c. Sex organs are homologous if they began from the same prenatal tissue in male and female embryonic development. d. "Homologous" is the word used to describe the ambiguous genitalia of intersexed infants.

c. Sex organs are homologous if they began from the same prenatal tissue in male and female embryonic development.

Jenna wants to have a romantic evening with her boyfriend Mark. What is the most effective way for her to communicate this? a. She should surprise Mark with a candlelit dinner when he comes home from work. b. She should point out to Mark that they never do anything romantic anymore. c. She should directly tell Mark what she wants and why, and ask Mark for his input. d. She should drop hints about how nice it would be to have a romantic evening.

c. She should directly tell Mark what she wants and why, and ask Mark for his input.

Which statement best describes gender attitudes towards aging in our current society? a. White women have less rigid aging stereotypes than Black and Latina women. b. Heterosexual women are more positive about aging and looking old as compared with lesbian women. c. The majority of older women equate gray hair with ugliness and poorer health. d. Gay men tend to have more positive attitudes about aging than heterosexual men.

c. The majority of older women equate gray hair with ugliness and poorer health.

What is the main problem with correlational sexuality studies? a. They are time-consuming and expensive to conduct. b. They are not geared towards using voluntary participants. c. They do not provide any information about causes of sexual behaviors. d. They are difficult to generalize to the real world.

c. They do not provide any information about causes of sexual behaviors.

What are two of the most common symptoms of testicular torsion? a. nausea and painful penile curvature b. abdominal pain and abdominal swelling c. acute scrotal pain and swelling d. abdominal pain and painful curvature

c. acute scrotal pain and swelling

A woman who is unable to menstruate due to the effects of Turner syndrome is experiencing which of the following? a. menopause b. andropause c. amenorrhea d. gynecomastia

c. amenorrhea

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, physicians and scientists began to suggest that homosexuality was _____. a. normal b. a crime c. an illness d. a sin

c. an illness

What is most common is the first year after menstruation? a. hot flashes b. anemia c. anovulation d. mittelschmerz

c. anovulation

A three-year-old child is most likely to experience which of the following? a. lack of curiosity about sex differences and what bodies look like and do b. feelings of shame when touching their genitals c. awareness that their genitals and sexual feelings are private d. sexual desire for other children their age

c. awareness that their genitals and sexual feelings are private

By the end of high school, adolescent boys and girls report having their most important relationship with their ____. a. mothers b. fathers c. best friends d. romantic partners

c. best friends

The maternal immune hypothesis of homosexuality is focused on which of the following? a. hormones b. neurology c. birth order d. peer groups

c. birth order

What type of cancer can be caused through contact with another person? a. ovarian cancer b. breast cancer c. cervical cancer d. endometrial cancer

c. cervical cancer

Which method of contraception is most focused on ejaculation? a. cervical barrier b. contraceptive sponge c. coitus interruptus d. IUD

c. coitus interruptus

Which of the following best reflects the concept of contemporaneous bisexuality? a. experimental experiences b. monogamous experiences c. concurrent experiences d. forced experiences

c. concurrent experiences

Sexual orientation refers to _____. a. sexual interest towards persons of the same, other, or both sexes b. emotional connection to persons of the same, other, or both sexes c. emotional, physical, sexual, and romantic attraction to persons of the same, other, or both sexes d. whether or not someone is gay, lesbian, or transgender

c. emotional, physical, sexual, and romantic attraction to persons of the same, other, or both sexes

College students are at an increased risk for acquiring STIs because they _____. a. are subjected to high levels of stress b. have many false beliefs about STIs c. engage in behaviors that put them at greater risk d. trust partners who falsely claim they were tested for STIs

c. engage in behaviors that put them at greater risk

The fold of skin located on the underside of the glans penis is called the _____. a. corpora cavernosa b. meatus c. frenulum d. foreskin

c. frenulum

Bisexuals often identify first as _____, and their self-labeling generally occurs _____ than either gay or lesbian self-labeling. a. homosexual; later in life b. homosexual; earlier in life c. heterosexuals; later in life d. heterosexual; earlier in life

c. heterosexuals; later in life

What spurred the movement toward formalized sexual education in the United States? a. high teen pregnancy rates b. high sexual assault rates c. high venereal disease rates d. high LGBT suicide rates

c. high venereal disease rates

Which of the following is most associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? a. increased risk of heart disease b. increased risk of osteoporosis c. increased risk of breast cancer d. increased risk of lung cancer

c. increased risk of breast cancer

Research has found that _____ have more biological or physiological causes, whereas _____ tend to have more psychological causes. a. generalized problems; situational problems b. acquired problems; lifelong problems c. lifelong problems; acquired problems d. situational problems; generalized problems

c. lifelong problems; acquired problems

Which of the following terms reflects the amount of virus in body fluid? a. latency b. contagion c. load d. toxicology

c. load

Which medical treatment is most appropriate for a lump in the breast that is contained in one site and has not spread? a. radical mastectomy b. partial mastectomy c. lumpectomy d. mammogram

c. lumpectomy

Attitudes toward homosexuality in Arabic cultures reflect an emphasis on ________. a. power b. family c. machismo d. rituals

c. machismo

Researchers have found ________ in the psychological adjustment experienced by children of same-sex couples and children of heterosexual couples. a. significant differences b. moderate differences c. minimal differences d. troubling differences

c. minimal differences

The clitoris is homologous to the _____. a. breasts b. labia c. penis d. scrotum

c. penis

What are the primary hormones involved in delivering milk from a woman's breast to an infant? a. oxytocin and adrenaline b. estrogen and secretin c. prolactin and oxytocin d. secretin and prolactin

c. prolactin and oxytocin

Erectile dysfunctions in younger men are more likely due to _____ factors, whereas erectile dysfunctions in older men are more likely to be due to ____ factors. a. external; emotional b. physical; psychological c. psychological; physical d. emotional; external

c. psychological; physical

Which of the following is a defensive communication technique? a. overgeneralization b. name-calling c. righteous indignation d. overkill

c. righteous indignation

Which of the following engages a couple in a series of touch experiences to address sexual desire disorders? a. vasoactive agenting b. revascularization c. sensate focus d. systematic desensitization

c. sensate focus

Which is the correct sequence in spermatogenesis? a. spermatid, spermatocyte, spermatozoon, spermatogonium b. spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon, spermatogonium c. spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon d. spermatozoon, spermatocyte, spermatogonium, spermatid

c. spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoon

The term for an interpersonal relationship being limited by each person's heavy use of online communication for other purposes is called ________. a. cyber distance b. personal aversion c. technoference d. overtexting

c. technoference

What is one of the most important advances in the detection of prostate cancer? a. biopsies b. digital rectal exams c. the PSA blood test d. monthly self-exams

c. the PSA blood test

According to psychoanalytic theory, what are the two most powerful human drives that guide behavior? a. the libido and the superego b. the Oedipus complex and the Electra complex c. the libido and thanatos d. the oral stage and the phallic stage

c. the libido and thanatos

Dr. Lawson is conducting an experiment to treatments for erectile dysfunction in men. He first collected baseline measures of erectile functioning using a medical device. Participants then were randomly assigned to two groups: one group got relaxation training and another group was a wait-list control that received no treatment. After treatment, he obtained a second measure of erectile functioning. What is the independent variable in Dr. Lawson's research? a. the baseline measurement of erectile functioning b. the group that each man was assigned to c. the post-treatment measurement of erectile functioning d. the medical measurement device

c. the post-treatment measurement of erectile functioning

Which of the following can influence the curvature of a man's penis? a. whether the man is right-handed or left-handed b. the frequency with which he masturbated as an adolescent c. the way he places his penis in his underwear d. the sexual positions that he prefers

c. the way he places his penis in his underwear

To meet the criteria for a desire/arousal disorder, a person needs to have experienced symptoms _____ of the time for at least six months. a. 10% to 25% b. 25% to 50% c. 50% to 75% d. 75% to 100%

d. 75% to 100%

Sex therapists use the _____ as a diagnostic and classification tool. a. Joy of Sex manual b. Kinsey Report c. Kama Sutra d. DSM-5

d. DSM-5

How do gender roles differ, if at all, from gender traits? a. Gender roles are biologically determined, whereas gender traits are culturally defined. b. Gender roles and gender traits are both culturally defined. c. Gender roles relate to occupations and leisure activities, whereas gender traits relate to attitudes, emotions, and personality traits. d. Gender roles are culturally defined, whereas gender traits are biologically determined.

d. Gender roles are culturally defined, whereas gender traits are biologically determined.

More than 40 types of ____ can infect the genitals, anus, mouth, and throat during sexual behaviors. a. herpes b. hepatitis c. HIV d. HPV

d. HPV

What is one of the problems with the cognitive development theory of gender roles? a. It neglects to take into account that children can process only a certain kind and amount of information at each developmental stage. b. It portrays the child as too passive in the process of development. c. It neglects a child's age-related ability to understand and assimilate gender models. d. It neglects social factors and differences in the ways in which diverse groups raise children.

d. It neglects social factors and differences in the ways in which diverse groups raise children.

In which region would you be LEAST likely to encounter a person who has HIV? a. Western Africa b. Latin America c. Eastern Europe d. Middle East

d. Middle East

Is it possible for people with androgen-insensitivity syndrome to be fertile? a. Yes, because even though they are born with a very shallow vagina, they can have surgery to be able to have intercourse. b. No, because they are born with testes that do not produce testosterone normally. c. Yes, because although they have testes that produce testosterone normally, they also have developed female internal reproductive organs. d. No, because although they have testes that produce testosterone normally, they have female external genitalia and no internal female reproductive organs.

d. No, because although they have testes that produce testosterone normally, they have female external genitalia and no internal female reproductive organs.

Which of the following works by reducing the survival of sperm in the vagina? a. Depo-Provera b. FemCap c. Essure d. Nonoxynol-9

d. Nonoxynol-9

Students in your class are discussing Bern's theory of androgyny. Which student has the view most similar to contemporary researchers' ideas about androgyny? a. Manucheher: "Masculinity and femininity are on a continuum: the more masculine you are, the less feminine, and vice versa." b. Arturo: "Androgyny is a great thing! Being androgynous helps resolve the 'battle of the sexes.'" c. Terrance: "Androgyny allows for greater behavioral flexibility. Androgynous people have a greater repertoire of behavior to draw on in stressful and daily situations." d. Shauna: "Suggesting that people should combine both 'masculine' and 'feminine' behaviors just reinforces outdated ideas of gender. Besides, what we consider to be masculine and feminine has changed over time."

d. Shauna: "Suggesting that people should combine both 'masculine' and 'feminine' behaviors just reinforces outdated ideas of gender. Besides, what we consider to be masculine and feminine has changed over time."

Which description of human sex cells is most accurate? a. Gametes, unlike somatic cells, do not contain autosomes but instead contain only sex chromosomes, which determine whether the child will be male or female. b. Gametes contain twice the amount of chromosomes that somatic cells contain, and are called diploid. c. The mother's gamete contributes more chromosomes and so determines most of the child's characteristics, whereas the father's gamete contributes only the sex chromosome that determines whether the child will be male or female. d. When the father's gamete joins with the mother's gamete, the result contains the same number of chromosomes that a somatic cell usually contains.

d. When the father's gamete joins with the mother's gamete, the result contains the same number of chromosomes that a somatic cell usually contains.

According to your text, what would is the most developmentally appropriate question for a 12- to 14-year-old to ask? a. Where do babies come from? b. What is prostitution? c. Why do some women have larger breasts than others? d. Why are some people homosexual?

d. Why are some people homosexual?

Which type of theorist would most likely use a qualitative survey method, in which in-depth interviews or focus-groups allow the participants to collaborate with the researchers, sharing their unique concerns and equalizing power differences between researchers and participants? a. a biological theorist b. an evolutionary theorist c. a behavioral theorist d. a feminist theorist

d. a feminist theorist

What is a common symptom of menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS)? a. low blood pressure b. racing heart rate c. painful menstrual periods d. a scarlet-colored rash

d. a scarlet-colored rash

What begins the process of "coming out?" a. telling friends and family members about one's sexual orientation b. going to a party with other homosexuals c. being able to discuss homosexual sex d. acknowledging one's sexual identity to oneself

d. acknowledging one's sexual identity to oneself

Hyperestrogenemia can be caused by which of the following? a. COPD b. multiple sclerosis c. diabetes d. alcoholism

d. alcoholism

What proportion of teenagers who took chastity pledges ended up having premarital sex? a. nearly a third b. just over half c. about two-thirds d. almost all

d. almost all

Which research study would most likely be conducted by a sociological theorist? a. a treatment study comparing the sexual health of couples trained to provide each other with unconditional positive regard with the sexual health of couples in a control group b. a treatment study comparing different behavior modification techniques for sex offenders c. an observational study of physiological responses to sexual stimulation d. an observational study comparing the role of the family and religious influences in two different cultures

d. an observational study comparing the role of the family and religious influences in two different cultures

By what age does a child demonstrate gender constancy? a. by age 6 months b. by age 12 months c. by age 2 d. by age 6

d. by age 6

Two of the most common causes of pelvic inflammatory disease are _____. a. HPV and HIV b. HIV and bacterial vaginitis c. syphilis and pubic lice d. chlamydia and gonorrhea

d. chlamydia and gonorrhea

What is the term for a person whose assigned sex at birth matches their gender identity? a. gender fluid b. non-binary c. pangender d. cisgender

d. cisgender

Which of the following is the most effective contraceptive method for reducing STI risk? a. cervical rings b. birth control pills c. IUDs d. condoms

d. condoms

What type of ions play a role in the contraceptive action of some IUDs? a. silver b. sodium c. potassium d. copper

d. copper

What is the first type of human communication? a. gesturing b. babbling c. talking d. crying

d. crying

A lack of sexual fantasies, reduced or absent initiation of sexual activity, and decreased self-stimulation are all signs of _____. a. asexuality b. sexual pain disorders c. orgasmic disorders d. desire disorders

d. desire disorders

Which of the following requires custom fitting by a medical professional? a. male condom b. sponge c. female condom d. diaphragm

d. diaphragm

Men are more likely to view conversations as ways to _____, whereas women are more likely to try to _____. a. relax and get to know someone; set the tone and direction of the relationship b. compete for their next job position; offer solutions to other people's problems c. confirm the feelings of another and empathize; share their life story and dreams d. exchange information and establish status; establish relationships and connections

d. exchange information and establish status; establish relationships and connections

Which of the following physical characteristics has the greatest body of research regarding sexual orientation? a. iris coloring b. brain size c. cowlick direction d. finger length

d. finger length

Casual parental nudity, openness to sexual questions, and willingness to let young children sleep in their parents' bed at times is usually associated with _____. a. excessive sexual interests and knowledge in children b. later body shame in adolescence c. neither beneficial nor harmful effects d. generally positive effects on children's well-being

d. generally positive effects on children's well-being

A researcher who explores the roles that unconditional positive regard and conditional love serve in the development of children's sexuality would subscribe to which theory? a. behaviorist b. learning c. sociological d. humanistic

d. humanistic

A woman who experiences very heavy menstrual flows on a regular basis would likely receive treatment for ________. a. amenorrhea b. anovulation c. perimenopause d. menorrhagia

d. menorrhagia

Which of the following terms are closely related? a. pansexuality and monosexism b. heterophobia and heterosexual c. androsexual and bisexual d. monosexism and biphobia

d. monosexism and biphobia

The skill of self-restraint is MOST important in what type of listening? a. active listening b. controlled listening c. nonverbal listening d. nondefensive listening

d. nondefensive listening

Outside the United States, many women are _____ contraceptive decision making. a. in control of b. not interested in c. banned from d. not involved in

d. not involved in

Peyronie's disease can cause development of hardened tissue called ________, which can lead to painful erections. a. platelets b. fistulas c. hydroceles d. plaque

d. plaque

Many experts believe that male pelvic pain associated with sexual behavior is caused by which of the following? a. hypertension b. dyspareunia c. disinhibition d. prostatitis

d. prostatitis

Behaviorists consider homosexuality a learned behavior, brought about by _____. a. changes in social attitudes b. a failure of parenting c. a focus on other-sex models d. reinforcement and punishment

d. reinforcement and punishment

According to the text, what do people rate as one of the best aspects of texting? a. avoiding conflict b. protecting privacy c. sharing emotions d. staying connected

d. staying connected

What is a key benefit of using an intrauterine device? a. over-the-counter sales b. ease of insertion c. religious acceptance d. time of insertion

d. time of insertion

The two main functions of the testes are _____. a. to produce sperm and e other substances that make up the ejaculate b. to enhance male libido and to display virility to other males c. to store sperm and to regulate sperm production d. to produce sperm and to produce testosterone

d. to produce sperm and to produce testosterone

What key ingredient in any happy and satisfying sexual relationship takes time to build through a process called uncertainty reduction? a. nonverbal cues b. self-image c. romance d. trust

d. trust

What is the most widely used method of birth control in the world? a. condoms b. hormones c. coitus interuptus d. tubal sterilization

d. tubal sterilization

According to Rothman, which role of the ideal female was defined in the 1960s? a. virtuous womanhood b. educated motherhood c. wife-companion d. woman as a person

d. woman as a person

The statement, "I could be wrong, but I think we need to revise this plan," is an example of a

disclaimer

In a(n) ________ , the zygote implants outside the uterus, usually in the Fallopian tube.

ectopic pregnancy

From the second to the eighth week, the developing human is called a(n) ________ .

embryo

Researchers suggest that people's ________ , more than their behaviors, are the most important determinants of sexual orientation.

emotions and fantasies

The military's "don't ask, don't tell" policy ________ .

ended in 2010

Elderly women employed by men in the Middle Ages to procure prostitutes for them and teach them about love and sexuality were known as ________ .

entremetteuses

The part of the body where immature sperm mature for 10 to 14 days is known as the ________ .

epididymis

Same-sex sexual behavior is found in ________ .

every culture

Men are more likely to view conversations as ways to ________ , whereas women are more likely to try to ________ .

exchange information and establish status; establish relationships and connections

Homophobia is a medical term describing a(n) ________ .

extreme, anxiety-provoking, uncontrollable fear accompanied by obsessive avoidance

Michelle consumed alcohol during her pregnancy, but she never gave it much thought and didn't consider it to be excessive. When she gives birth, her child has irreversible physical and mental disabilities. Michelle's child has ________ .

fetal alcohol syndrome

The most common reason for miscarriage is ________ .

fetal chromosomal abnormality

The fold of skin located on the underside of the glans penis is called the ________ .

frenulum

The culturally defined behaviors that are seen as appropriate for males and females are called ________ .

gender roles

Which theory suggests that many people would not comment on how strong a little girl is becoming simply because the word "strong" is not part of their already established idea of women?

gender schema theory

Susan has agreed to become a surrogate mother for Lindsey and Karen. An ovum is extracted from Karen, fertilized with sperm from a donor, and is implanted into Susan. This is an example of ________

gestational surrogacy

Minority homosexual youth have been found to experience ________ compared to nonminority homosexual youth.

greater psychological distress

Craig is a 60-year-old man with a history of marijuana dependence. Recently, he has noticed that his breasts appear to be enlarged in size. From what disorder is Craig most likely suffering?

gynecomastia

Maribel, an 82-year-old lesbian senior citizen, has never come out to anyone about her sexuality, and is simply considered an "old maid." She is at greater risk of ________ .

having health problems and a poorer quality of life

Bisexuals often identify first as ________ , and their self-labeling generally occurs ________ than either gay or lesbian self-labeling.

heterosexuals; later in life

The purpose of the instrument known as a speculum is to ________ .

hold open the vagina during a pelvic exam

Bill is only sexually attracted to other men. Bill's sexual orientation is ________ .

homosexual

Pregnancy tests determine whether a woman is pregnant by looking for a certain pregnancy marker in her urine or blood called ________ .

human chorionic gonadotropin

A condition in which there is an excessive accumulation of fluid within the tissue surrounding the testicle is known as a ________ .

hydrocele

Which is the correct sequence in spermatogenesis?

spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatid, spermato

What provided a new opportunity for sex research, leading to one large-scale sexuality study known as the National Health and Social Life Survey?

increased concerns about HIV and AIDS, and a desire to understand sexual behaviors at the root of these infections

Which risk is most associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?

increased risk of breast cancer

Parental rejection during the coming-out process ________ .

is a major health risk for LGB youth

Which is the MOST common psychosexual complaint of menopausal women?

lack of tenderness and sexual contact with a partner

Society appears to be less threatened by ________ sexuality.

lesbian

Which medical treatment is most appropriate for a lump in the breast that is contained in one site and has not spread?

lumpectomy

What surgical procedure for males has elicited more controversy than any other in history?

male circumcision

The risk for chromosomal abnormality increases as ________ .

maternal age increases

Homosexuals are predominantly attracted to ________ .

members of the same sex

What are some common ways genetic abnormalities can be medically detected in pregnancy?

microsorting, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, and amniocentesis

The fatty cushion resting over the front surface of a woman's pubic bone is called the ________ .

mons veneris

Some religions have become ________ .

more accepting of homosexuals

The muscular layer of uterine tissue that contracts to expel menstrual fluid and to expel a baby from the uterus during delivery is called the ________ .

myometrium

How much difference has been found in the psychological adjustment and social relationships between the children of same-sex and heterosexual couples?

no significant differences

The skill of self-restraint is MOST important in what type of listening?

nondefensive listening

Jeffery sends flowers to his girlfriend Kayla to symbolize his love for her. What form of communication is Jeffery using?

nonverbal communication

Peyronie's disease can cause development of hardened tissue called ________, which can lead to painful erections.

not hydroceles

Several studies have found that male circumcision ________ .

offers protection from HIV infection

Which gynecological cancer is MOST likely to be fatal for a woman diagnosed with it?

ovarian cancer

Joanna and Nicholas are arguing. Nicholas says to Joanna, "Why do you always yell at me? You never have anything nice to say about our relationship!" What is the name of this type of nonconstructive communication technique?

overgeneralization

Erich and Paige are having an argument over Erich's style of dress. Paige has just told Erich, "If you don't start dressing like you care about yourself and how you look when you're with me, I'm going to leave you." She loves Erich and doesn't really plan to leave him. Which nonconstructive communication technique is Paige using?

overkill

Which part of a marital relationship was viewed as least important by the ancient Romans?

passionate, romantic love

The clitoris is homologous to the ________ .

penis

Katherine wants to be happy and excited about the birth of her third child, Samuel. However, every day, she cries, feels overwhelming guilt and anxiety, and has thoughts of killing Samuel and herself. Katherine is most likely suffering from ________ .

postpartum depression

If birth takes place before the 37th week of pregnancy, it is considered ________ .

premature

The foreskin of the penis is also called the ________ .

prepuce

The most frequently diagnosed cancer in men besides skin cancer is ________ .

prostate cancer

People from individualistic cultures tend to ________ .

readily disclose personal information to a wide variety of people

Behaviorists consider homosexuality a learned behavior, brought about by the ________ .

reinforcement of homosexual behaviors or the punishing of heterosexual behavior

Jillian wants to tell Andrew that she doesn't like it when he kisses her earlobe. She knows that he really prides himself on his kissing abilities and she doesn't want to hurt his feelings. Besides trying to get him to stop kissing her earlobes, which goal is Jillian most trying to fulfill?

relational goal

The frequency of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) behavior in the United States has

remained constant over the years

Which is a defensive communication technique?

righteous indignation

Sexual behavior during pregnancy is ________ .

safe for most expectant mothers in uncomplicated pregnancies

The mother often feels the fetus moving around inside her uterus during the ________ .

second trimester

Kayla is an Olympic speed skater, and because of her demanding training regimen, she usually stops menstruating during the speed-skating season. Before she started skating, she had a period every month. What is her condition called?

secondary amenorrhea

Svetlana is having a hard time expressing herself to her boyfriend Marshall. She would rather keep her feelings and thoughts to herself because she is afraid of being vulnerable. Svetlana is having trouble with ________ .

self-disclosure

Which term best describes a person who engages in the scientific study of sexual behavior?

sexologist

You have just been told that your newborn child has Turner syndrome. Which set of features can you expect in your child over the course of development?

short stature, a relatively high-pitched voice, immature breast development, and abnormalities of certain internal organs, and infertility

The process whereby an infant becomes a toddler with basic skills for functioning in society is called ________ .

socialization

The twisting of a testis on its spermatic cord is known as ________ .

testicular torsion

Which hormone is most important in stimulating female sexual desire?

testosterone

Which 19th century group practiced strict celibacy?

the Shakers

Which country is more of an individualistic rather than a collectivistic culture, and one in which the primary goal of getting married is for two people to love each other and spend their lives together?

the United States

Which part of the female breast is the milk-secreting gland?

the alveoli

Which ancient culture viewed male homosexuality, in the form of pederasty, as a natural and highly desirable part of human sexuality?

the ancient Greeks

Robert is an early-20th century individual who is researching human sexuality by taking surveys of the behavior of American adults. He does not advocate a particular moral or political point of view in his work; instead, he is interested in quantifying scientifically as much information as possible about human sexuality. To which 20th century movement or trend does Robert belong?

the beginning of sexology

According to psychoanalytic theory, what are the two most powerful human drives that guide behavior?

the libido and thanatos

Which is one of the most important advances in the detection of prostate cancer in recent years?

the prostate-specific antigen blood test

You and your instructor are collaborating on an experiment testing treatments for erectile dysfunction in married men. In the study, you first collected baseline measures of erectile functioning (penile strain gauge measurements while participants imagined making love to their wives). Then, participants were randomly assigned to treatment groups: one group got relaxation training, another group read a self-help book, and the third group was a wait-list control. After treatment, you obtained a second measure of erectile functioning, and also measured wives' relationship satisfaction. Your instructor has asked you to label the variables in a statistical spreadsheet of the data. Which variable do you label as the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?

the treatment group that each man was assigned to: relaxation, self-help, or control

Which can influence the curvature of a man's penis?

the way he places his penis in his underwear

What is the most common reason for why people abuse anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS)?

to enhance athletic ability

What is the function of the secretions of the prostate gland?

to neutralize the acidic pH of a woman's vagina

The two main functions of the testes are ________ .

to produce sperm and to produce testosterone

Which is one common motive for performing female genital mutilation in some cultures?

to protect a girl's virginity

Pregnancy is divided into three three-month periods called ________ .

trimesters

What key ingredient in any happy and satisfying sexual relationship takes time to build through a process called uncertainty reduction?

trust

In an uncomplicated vaginal delivery (with no tears or episiotomy), intercourse can safely be engaged in ________ after delivery.

two weeks

Which type of online communication is comparable to tag questions in face-to-face communication?

using emoticons

Which procedure is performed for transwomen engaging in surgical transition?

vaginoplasty

The entire region of the vulva between the labia minora is known as the ________ .

vestibule

Jolene, a 21-year-old college student, is suffering from severe pain and burning sensations in her genital area. She experiences pain whenever she or anyone else touches her vulva, tries to insert anything into her vagina. She also experiences burning sensations when she rides her bike. Her gynecologist and primary care doctor have determined that she does not have an STI, and refer her to a specialist in gynecological and sexual function disorders. What is the most likely diagnosis?

vulvodynia

According to Rothman, which role of the ideal female was defined in the 1960s?

woman as a person

The fertilized egg is referred to as a(n) ________ .

zygote