Final Exam (Wilson)

ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement)

a process for synching dialogue recorded in postproduction to the moving lips of actors on screen

stop-motion photography

a process that records inanimate objects or actual human figures in different positions in separate frames and then synthesizes them on film to create the illusion of motion and action

Claymation

a process that uses stop-motion photography with clay figures to create the illusion of movement

dolly shot

a shot in which the camera is moved on a wheeled dolly that follows a determined course

femme fatale

an attractive and seductive woman, especially one who will ultimately bring disaster to a man who becomes involved with her

block booking

an early tactic of movie studios to control exhibition, involving pressuring theater operators to accept marginal films with no stars in order to get access to films with the most popular stars

chuck jones is responsible for

didn't create Bugs Bunny but is responsible for the development of the highly exaggerated poses and faces that became a hallmark of The Looney Tunes

Actualities

Early films that documented everyday events, such as workers leaving a factory.

180 rule/axis of action

Preserves continuity by defining an axis of action, an imaginary line that runs through the characters in a scene, that the camera cannot cross.

Who is generally credited with making the first motion picture

French brothers Auguste and Louis Lumière

Cinema Verite

French term for truth film, a documentary style that records fragments of everyday life unobtrusively; it often features a rough, grainy look and shaky, handheld camera work

Sergei Einstein

From the Russian movement of film. More interested in discontinuity through montage editing than with the realism created from continuity editing in Hollywood films

What happens at the end of the first act?

The goal is defined, the protagonist is off on their quest

xerography

in animation, a process where the animator's drawings are printed directly onto the cell

keyframe

in animation, refers to the beginning or end point for the transition of an object

What is the main light that illuminates a subject in a shot?

key light

From the section entitled "Modern Hollywood Cinema and Representations of Blackness," what do all the modern stereotypes have in common?

limited range of roles

gender performativity

the idea that there is no essential content to gender, only a set of cues and codes that must be repeatedly enacted and changed

focal length

the overall distance between the camera sensor and the point at which light passes through the class of the lens The longer the focal length, the narrower the angel of view and the greater the magnification

What does "mise-en-scene" literally mean?

"placing on stage" or "putting in the scene."

New Hollywood

(Mid-1960's to early 1980's) shift from classic Hollywood to contemporary Hollywood; young aspiring directors and writers emerge. Sometimes referred to as "American New Wave". One of the earliest and most significant films from this era was Bonnie and Clyde.

The principles of mise-en-scene are generally borrowed from?

-

what set the anime esthetic

Astro Boy (Tetzuka, 1963) set the standard for the "anime" aesthetic

What technological advancement gave rise to newsreels and documentaries with embedded social commentary?

16mm Film Format Portability Affordability Realism and Social Commentary

foley artists

A crew member who works in post-production in a specially equipped studio to create the sounds of the story world, such as the shuffling of shoes on various surfaces for footsteps unique sounds created from a variety of props and equipment to simulate everyday sounds

propaganda films

A documentary film that systematically disseminates deceptive or distorted information.

Decline of Black Cinema

After World War 2, major Hollywood studios capitalized on the growing success of race films Race films and smaller movie houses could not compete with the spectacle of studio films catering to Black audiences

continuity editing

Also known as Invisible Editing. What happens on the screen makes as much narrative sense as possible.

cross-cutting

An editing technique used to maintain continuity by cutting back and forth between two or more narratives playing out at the same time.

What is the very problematic D.W. Griffith film that was one of the first fulllength feature films, the first film screened at the White House, and an early example of cinema perpetuating the white hegemonic patriarchy?

Birth of a nation

What genre of films including Shaft (1971) and Super Fly (1972) paved the way for Black filmmakers to reclaim old Hollywood stereotypes?

Blaxploitation

Decline of Blaxploitation

By the late 1970s, the genre had become a parody of itself in large part due to white producers and directors Characters were reduced to their most static traits

Tragic Mulatto

Character doomed by mixed heritage, who almost always meets a tragic fate

What are the two main visual components of mise-en-scene?

Design and composition

What film did some critics suggest would inspire race riots, prompting police to be dispatched to early screenings?

Do The Right Thing (Spike Lee)

The Blonde Bombshell

Films of the '50s featured women who were blissfully happy housewives or desperately wanted to be

Gertie the Dinosaur (McCay 1914)

First "appealing" character and use of keyframes

Most weighty criticism of the Bechdel Test according to the author

Its limitation in terms of intersectionality

Who directed Sweet, Sweetback's Baadasssss Song (1971)?

Melvin Van Peebles

Independent film in the 80's: Resurgence of Modern Black Cinema

More filmmakers had access to cheaper equipment giving them more control over the creative process

What does the inciting incident accomplish and when does it occur in a film?

Sets the plot in motion, usually in the first 10 minutes

Why did The Birth of a Nation spark nationwide controversy upon release?

Racist Portrayals Glorification of the Ku Klux Klan Distorted Historical Narrative Impact on Race Relations

what the director of photography is responsible for in a film

Responsible for how the movie will be photographed: framing, speed and length of every shotTranslates the director's vision Translates the directors vision

Who is known as the father of documentary?

Robert J. Flaherty

Disney's folly

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)

What film features the most infamous example of the Uncle Tom stereotype? Hint: its' locked away in a "vault."

Song of the South (1946)

What was the Paramount Decision of 1948?

The Supreme Court issued its Paramount Decision, effectively destroying the studios' hold over moviemaking. Vertical integration and block booking was ruled illegal.

main difference between WB's early Merrie Melodies and Disney's content

The character of "Happy Rabbit," was a prototype for Bugs Bunny. This was a more satirical view of American society with an emphasis of slapstick comedy via animation

The primary narrator in cinema is...?

The narrarator

Visual presence and narrative cinema

The visual presence of women tends to work against the development of a story line, freezing the flow of action

Criteria for the Bechdel Test

There are at least two female characters who drive the plot forward who have names who talk to each other about something other than a man

What is chiaroscuro lighting?

Use of strong contrasts between light and dark in a singular scene or setting (deep, dark shadows mixing with bright light) (meant to make a shot ominous, powerful, or invoke an emotional response from a viewer)

Women In Film Noir

Women painted as "mysteries" Either in need of a savior or guilty

sound bridge

a type of sound used to transition from one scene to another by overlapping the sound of each shot

appeal

animators should strive to create images that will be interesting and compelling to audiences

Setup

any single camera position in a scene and everything associated with it

rack focus (pull focus)

changes the depth of field within a shot to shift our attention from one subject to another

non-diegetic sound

comes from a source outside of a film's world Offscreen and recorded during postproduction Assumed to be inaudible to the characters onscreen

diegetic sound

comes from a source within a film's world Gives awareness of the spatial and temporal dimensions of the shot Internal or external/ onscreen or offscreen/ recorded during production or postproduction

Scenics

early nonfiction films that offered exotic or remarkable images of nature or foreign lands

Observational Mode

emphasizes a direct engagement with the everyday life of the subjects as observed by an unobtrusive camera

Participatory Mode

emphasizes interaction between filmmaker and subject. Filming takes place by means of interviews and other direct involvement from conversations to provocations

Expository Mode

emphasizes verbal commentary and argumentative logic

Poetic Mode

emphasizes visual association, tonal or rhythmic qualities, descriptive passages, and formal organization

Take

every time a particular shot is repeated

Steamboat Willie (Disney & Iwerks 1928)

first cartoon with sound printed onto it

head of the lighting department

gaffer

timing

helps create the illusion that an action is abiding by the laws of physics

content curve

how long it takes for us to register the visual information in a shot.

The classical Hollywood style is built upon the principle of

invisibility

silence

is also part of the soundtrack of a film

depth of field

is the range of distance in front of a camera and its lens in which subjects are in apparent sharp focus.

Voyeurism

looking without being seen

shot

one uninterrupted run of the camera

Which principle of film form is helped by persistence of vision, the phi phenomenon, and critical flicker fusion?

principle of motion and continuity

Oscar Micheaux

produced over 30 films in his career which challenged prevailing stereotypes

jazz singer

released in 1927. This was the first major movie with sound

final girl trope

the one who did not die: the survivor, she is abject terror personified

What is generic transformation?

the process by which a particular genre is adapted to meet the expectations of a changing society

the male gaze

theorized by Laura Mulvey in "visual pleasure and narrative cinema" NOT exclusive to cinema

anticipation

used to let the audience know that a major action is about to take place