Final - First 50 Questions
__________ are rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems
Heuristics
Eli is a school student. Her teacher's appreciation motivates her to study well
extrinsic rewards
Why we go clubbing and drink alcohol can best be explained by _____
stimulus motives
_________ includes problem-solving skills such as encoding information, combining and comparing bits of information, and generating a solution
Analytical intelligence
_____ are male sex hormones that masculinize the sex organs in the embryonic stage of prenatal development
Androgens
_________ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems
Creativity
Clark Hull's drive-reduction theory states that:
humans learn to engage in behaviors that reduce a state of arousal
Identify a true statement about the heritability of intelligence
Being reared together is related with similarities in intelligence quotient
Alina thinks that she is overweight. She often indulges in binge eating and later forcibly vomits the food. Which eating disorder is Alina most likely suffering from?
Bulimia nervosa
_____ is defined by the ability to cope with novel situations and generate many possible solutions to problems
Creative intelligence
Identify a criticism about the linguistic-relativity hypothesis
Infants display considerable intelligence before they have learned to speak
__________ is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience
Intelligence
What is true of the evolutionary perspective of motivation
It states that instinctive behaviors are genetically transmitted
What is true of language
Language makes it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to another
In the context of motor development of children, what is true of activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, creeping, walking, and running?
Most infants engage in these activities in the same sequence
_____ is the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections to irregular verbs and nouns
Overregularization
In the context of hunger, what is true of human beings
Psychological factors play an important role in the human hunger drive
__________ is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch
Rooting
Which of the following is a characteristic of polygraphs, or lie detectors
Tense muscles will reduce their accuracy
The _____ groups test questions into a number of separate subtests where each subtest measures a different intellectual task
Wechsler scale
A(n) _____ is a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied
algorithm
A(n)__________ rat is characterized by under eating
aphagic
The __________ is the division of the peripheral nervous system that regulates glands and activities such as heartbeat and respiration
autonomic nervous system
In the context of the theories of intelligence, __________ can solve problems to which there are no preexisting solutions and no proven formulas
creative people
In__________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course
divergent thinking
A researcher places a baby in a room with many different objects...
fixation time
In the context of factors that affect problem solving, _____ refers to the tendency to view an object in terms of its name or familiar usage
functional fixedness
A(n)__________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings
holophrase
In Gestalt psychology,__________is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution
insight
Vinvac Inc. was established three years ago...
means-end analysis
Daniel, a six-year-old boy, takes an intelligence test...
mental age
A(n)__________is a state of deprivation
need
The height of sexual excitement involving involuntary muscle contractions and release of sexual tensions is termed__________
orgasm
In the context of problem solving, _____ involves dealing simultaneously with two or more elements of the problems
parallel processing
Cognitive theorists note that:
people represent their worlds mentally
According to Louis Thurstone, __________ are the eight specific factors that make up intelligence
primary mental abilities
The embryo is connected to the placenta by the_________
umbilical cord
The__________is a pea-sized structure in the brain that is involved in many aspects of motivation, including sex, aggression, and hunger
hypothalamus
A(n) _____ is a system of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate the symbols
language
In psycholinguistic theory, the __________ is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates a child's learning of grammar
language acquisition device
Medical observations and classic research find that humans and nonhumans whose stomachs have been removed:
still regulate food intake
According to the representativeness heuristic, people make judgments about events according to:
the populations of events that they appear to depict
__________ is the quality of language that permits one to communicate information about objects and events in another time and place
Displacement
Identify a true statement about problem solving
Heuristics are often based on strategies that worked in the past
_____ is an example of a psychological need
Power
A pregnant woman visits her doctor for a scheduled ultrasound...
The fetal stage
In the context of the drive-reduction theory, what is true of acquired drives
They are developed through experience
According to Melissa Hines and her colleagues (2015), which of the following is true of human female embryos and fetuses who have been exposed prenatally to higher-than-typical concentrations of male sex hormones
They are more likely to demonstrate possible changes in gender identity
What is true of the hearing capability of newborns
They can hear well when they are born
What is true of communication by nonhumans
Although apes do not speak, they have been taught to use American Sign Language