Final
In what arenas do we NOT find utilization of the fair use principle?
Non-profit radio commercials
What is a song plugger?
The advocate for your song at the publishing company who tries to get others to use the song
Which of the following do NOT need to be expected for public relations purposes?
The artist should expect to provide complimentary merchandise to fans via contests before each show
Which of the following is NOT true about the backline personnel?
The coordinate the loading of case used backstage (wardrobe, practice amps)
Of the following four items, which do NOT pertain to a gig swap?
The host group is expected to provide lodging to the visiting group to minimize expenses
If the label doesn't like an album submitted by an artist, what happens?
The label can choose to "shelve it"
Which of the following would NOT be an advantage to be signed to a major label?
The label has more patience to develop the artist's career
A bassist leaves a rock band, and the band hires a replacement in agreement with the record company. In relation to a record company, what happens?
The new bassist gets an advance for subsequent albums, but doesn't get anymore money until previous album's have been recouped
Which statement most effectively describes the relationship between plagiarist and copyright infringer
The plagiarist uses the thoughts of others as his own, the copyright infringer avoids paying someone for their work
What does "cross-collateralization" refer?
The record company will consider the publishing contract linked and any money paid must be restored to all parties before the songwriter will not be paid any future royalties.
What is an excess mechanicals clause?
The record company will not be responsible for paying statutory rates for more than 10 songs on a release
What is a controlled composition clause?
The record company will only pay 75% of statutory rate since the artists are also the songwriters
Which of the following do NOT need to be considered by an artist's manager before a tour?
The reliability of the artist's equipment to withstand the rigors of the tour
The Berne Convention requires Member countries to grant moral rights to authors EXCEPT:
The right of protection from government entities
What is a grand right?
The right to use a complete, collective stage work in its entirety.
What is a dramatic right?
The right to use a song taken out of context from a musical or play, and be incorporated with new material
What is a non-dramatic right?
The right to use a song taken out of context from a musical or play, without new material
What role do PROs play in Grand Rights?
They are involved if a song from a musical is used in a non-dramatic sense, such as in club or in a university recital
Which of the following is OUTSIDE of a production manager's responsibilities?
They are responsible for setting up the performers equipment
Describe a leader/contractor?
They are the person who hires performers and supervises working conditions. They also confirm that they are properly paid.
Which of the following is NOT true about the monitor engineer?
They coordinate when a performer needs a moment to tune up
Which of the following is NOT true about the promoter?
They do the same duties as the booking agent
Why do oligopolies expand and acquire small companies?
They do this to expand their influence and control over the market by acquiring smaller companies.
SESAC is different in a few ways from other PROs. Which of the following is NOT true?
They don't use blanket licenses
Which of the following is NOT true about the FOH?
They give the lighting cues when specific areas of the song chnage.
Describe Three Phase Power and identify the wires used. (three points)
Three phase power involves three sources splitting the workload around a neutral wire. Black, red, and blue wires are the colors of the load wires, and the neutral wire is gray. There is a ground wire to the ground source, that acts as a safety feature in case of weather and a variety of other reasons. It is seen as the green wire.
What is a compressor used for?
To control loud volumes
What is a gate used for?
To control soft volumes
Groups tour for a variety of reasons aside from making money. Of the following list, which is NOT one of those reasons?
To develop relationships with corporate investors
When should you NOT have a press release?
To dispel social media rumors
What is a filter used for?
To limit frequencies above or below fixed point(s)
The ADA (Alternative Distribution Alliance, page 199) offers all BUT ONE of the following services
Tour Support Funding
Which of these would NOT be considered while booking airline travel?
Transportation from the airport to the venue
Which are the following are among the "big 3" of major label conglomerates?
Universal, Sony, WEA
All of the "big three" conglomerates have four central divisions. Which of the four below are NOT a part of those central divisions.
Venue management
What is an abstract image video?
Video that incorporate surrealistic special effects and sometimes bizarre images
What is the measurement of electrical pressure, typically in the US at 120 ?
Volts
What is the measurement expressing the amount of electrical energy consumed by a device?
Watts
What is a narrative video?
What is a narrative video?
How much is a typical karaoke licensee paying the copyright holder?
Whatever is collected from PROs, as mechanicals don't apply because all karaoke is performed in licensed venues
In the context of a publishing contract, what is an example of breach? (page 79)
When a court rules against a party that violates the contract
Why is the Digital Performance in Sound Recordings Act of 1995 important? (page 58)
Why is the Digital Performance in Sound Recordings Act of 1995 important? (page 58)
A microphone is
An input transducer
Of the following four items, which do NOT pertain to mid and larger venues as discussed in the lecture?
An out-of-house agent is paid a flat fee from the venue to provide entertainment for the event, and are paid on a commission basis.
Of the following four items, which do NOT pertain to clubs as discussed in the lecture?
An out-of-house agent is paid on a commission basis depending on the bar sales.
Which of these are NOT part of a publicity plan?
Coordinates tour plans
Who periodically adjusts the mechanical rates?
Copyright Royalty Board, who are three judges who represent the US government
What is a change of a lighting scheme at a specific time?
Cue
What is evangelist marketing?
Cultivating key opinion leaders and tastemakers to spread the word
Which section of the copyright law states that the copyright owner (or publisher) must submit two copies of the best edition of a work? (page 54)
Deposit
What award is issued for 10 million copies shipped?
Diamond
What restricts the amount of power to the individual light?
Dimmer
What type of input source takes a feed directly from an instrument into the pre-amp?
Direct boxes (aka DI)
What is a large vibrating element, known in slang as the woofer?
Direct radiator
What is the ability of a component to spread out the sound to a certain angle, important towards eliminating feedback?
Dispersion
When can an author terminate a transfer of license for a copyright? (page 44)
During a five-year window after execution of the initial grant, or if a publication, 35 years after publishing (or 40 years after execution, whatever if first
What type of input source are the most widely manufactured microphones, least expensive and most durable?
Dynamic
Why is a mechanical royalty important?
Ensures that publishers and songwriters are compensated for the use of a song
Why is the Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 important? (page 58)
Ensures that webcasters paid licensing fees to record companies and criminalizes production and dissemination of ways used to circumvent measures that control access to copyrighted works
Which of the following royalties are NOT subject to review by the Copyright Arbitration Royalty Panel in the event of a dispute? (Page 55)
Fair use by Publications
A man writes a story about a British secret agent, who drinks martinis (shaken not stirred) and dates beautiful women. True or false: He would be in violation of US copyright law?
False
Describe the four Amazon pay rates.
Front Line is where you the highest wholesale price. Mid Line has a lower payout than Front Line and is suggested for new releases and recent releases. Catalog is lower than both Front Line and Mid Line and is a good option for releases older than 18 months. Special is the lowest wholesale pricing tier offered and is a good option for promotions, older and/or slow-selling catalogs.
What award is issued for 500,000 copies shipped?
Gold
What is buzz marketing?
High profile people or journalists use the product
What has the best control for direction of the sound of lower frequencies?
Horn in a folded into a "W" pattern
What is influencer marketing?
Identifying other artist fan clubs and key members of those clubs to help spread the word about the artist
If you are an artist on a tour, how could you handle smaller markets?
Inform that you need a date in between other, confirmed dates you have booked in larger cities, and that you would like to fill the date rather than have a day off
What are the five types of consumers?
Innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and Laggerts
What is viral marketing?
Interacting, entertaining or informative messages via email
Which are the following are NOT considered for print music royalties?
Internet tablature arrangement
The lecture and PowerPoint noted six types of television income. Name and DESCRIBE 3.
Licensing royalties for performance rights and commercials, promotion for album sales by exposing the recording in a commercial or in a show, and commercials for album sales (especially on MTV).
What is a map showing all of the lighting instruments and electrical devices, their control assignment and their relative hanging locations in the performance space?
Light Plot
AFM functions on local and federation levels, as noted on page (page 182). Federation contracts embrace all services of musicians in all BUT ONE of the following fields
Live performances
Haymarket Publishing Services did research that demonstrated how consumers were influenced to make purchases. Their findings estimated the percentage of consumers who indicated that these factors were important in determining if the consumer would make a purchase, apart from the influence from friends and family Considering those findings, which was the main factor that influenced purchases?
Low Price
Identify the differences, advantages and disadvantages between major label and independent recording companies. (5 points)
MAJOR LABEL: *Disadvantages - Get lost in the shuffle of a huge company - If you don't recoup off the bat, you might only get one shot - If your rep leaves, you might get dropped *Advantages: - Well-financed, and can handle losses - wide-reaching distribution - Staff is extensively working different angles to promote the record - The honor of name of the label, and that you will get more attention from radio INDEPENDENT RECORDING CO. *Disadvantages - Much smaller financial commitment - small distribution - Small, over-worked staff - No honor of the name of the label *Advantages -Personal service -More power over artistic and promotional control
Which of the following should NOT be included in a booking contract?
Name of the record company
Which company compiles Soundscan information?
Nielson
Define Oligopoly.
A small group of businesses corner the market.
Describe a stage plot (3 points)
A stage plot is a graph that shows where everything is going to be on stage. To go into further detail it may show the type of equipment the performers are using (such as where the amps are located and what type they are), where the microphones and monitors are (and their types), and the electrical power required to run everything. It also shows where outlets and power sources are located.
For the music industry, broadcast TV networks, cable networks and online video services represent all of the following BUT one. Choose the one (page 337-338)
A vehicle to enhance the live performance experience by having interactive opportunities in new media
What is a scratch video?
A video that uses pieces of film that are synchronized with tempo of song
An example of this type of electrical current would be provided by the power company
AC
If a writer has a co-publishing agreement with a publishing company, how are the profits usually split?
All of the songwriter's share to the songwriter, 50% of the publisher's share to the external publisher, 50% of the publisher's share to another publisher, often owned by the songwriter.
Which of the following are NOT included as a reason that people should not copy intellectual property, regardless of legal copyright protection?:
All of these were reasons noted in the lecture as reasons why people shouldn't copy intellectual property
In order to bring a case against someone for copyright infringement, what do they need to prove?
All of these: Similarity and access Chord progressions Proof of theft Lyrics and Beats
What is the measurement of electron flow from one point to another, which is the amount of electrical flow possible through a wire?
Amps
Compare Digital Rights Management and the Open Music Model
An Open Music Model allows open file sharing, open file formats, open membership, open payment, and open competition. Digital Rights Management acted as a "conduit" for the entities that owned the copyrights to recording and publishing rights.
How much does a ringtone pay?
$.24 as per statutory rate
Rena Shagan developed a formula to estimate touring budgets. If the expected 'disaster' costs are $5000, and the expected 'dream' costs are $3500, how much should a group consider for a reasonable estimate for a tour's budget?
$4100
How much is does an individual "side musician" get on a typical three hour recording session?
$818.56
The lecture noted ten steps between when a contract is signed and a debut album's street release date. The contract was signed 12 months before the street. Identify how many months before the release date in which the other steps usually occurs.
1. A&R meets the group >> 11 2. Photo shoot >> 6 3. Radio single and Marketing plan >> 3 4. Artist Development for the recording sessions >> 10 5. Recording sessions >> 9 6. Masters delivered to label >> 4 7. Publicity campaign begins >> 5 8. Solicitation >> 2
The lecture identified 7 things regarding rigging safety. Name 2 (2 points).
1. Always double-check all rigging procedures 2. Never stand under a moving load
The lecture identified 5 things regarding electrical safety. Name 2 (2 points).
1. Always isolate the supply before connection 2. Never disconnect grounds
Match the percentages with the correct segment of the iTunes royalty, paid on the 99-cent download.
1. Apple >> 34% 2. To the producer as per their contract >> 3-5% 3. To the artist as per the recording contract >> 7-12% 4. To the label >> 49-56%
Use the following key to match the area of the record company that fulfills the role identified in each question. Each question is worth one point each.
1. Licensing samples >> Business Affairs/Legal 2. Newspaper Interviews >> Publicity 3. Music Videos >> Creative Services 4. Securing Talent >> A&R 5. Product Placement >> Sales & MArketing 6. Creation of Album Artwork >> Creative Services 7. Use of Album Artwork >> Business affairs/Legal 8. Magazine Interviews >> Publicity 9. Working with Web Designers >> Creative Services 10. Providing input on mastering & mixing >> A&R 11. Conflict of contracts issues : exclusivity >> Business Affairs/Legal 12. Artwork for advertisements >> Creative Services 13. Album Sequencing >> A&R 14. Studio Choice >> A&R 15. Signing older artists for re-issue releases >> A&R 16. Processes audits >> Business Affairs/Legal 17. Coordinating Local Promotion Staff >> Publicity
The lecture identified 21 items on a technical rider. Name 9 (3 points).
1. Size & height of stage with locations marked where the handrails are 2. Description of clearance 3. Size of the sound wings to account for space for soundboard and speakers 4. Risers 5. Crash Barrier 6. Mixing Position 7. Details of Fitting Rooms/Dressing Rooms 8. Permits for pyrotechnics 9. Parking requirements for the buses and other modes of transportation
Identify and describe the "bundle of rights" (10 points)
1. The right to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies or phonorecords; 2. The right to prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work 3. The right to distribute copies by sale or other transfer of ownership or by rental, lease, or lending 4. The right to perform the copyrighted work publicly 5. The right to display the copyrighted work publicly 6. The right to perform the copyrighted work publicly by means of a digital audio transmission.
The lecture identified 13 items on a rider. Name 6 (3 points).
1. Top of Form: Important details pertaining to contact & times 2. Date of show 3. Capacity 4. Contact time for tech managers of the show 5. Time when doors open 6. Time for rigging call and a rigging plot attached to the agreement
Personnel are to arrive at certain times throughout the day in order to ensure an efficient show. How many hours before doors open (BDO) is the following personnel to arrive?
1. Tour Manager >> 12 hours 2. Rigging (large PA cabinets) and light crews >> 11 hours 3. Headline Group (for Sound Check) >> 2.5 hours 4. Sound (FOH, Monitor engineer, smaller PA equipment, boards, monitors etc...) and set crew >>> 9 hours 5. Support Group (for Sound Check) >> 1 hour 6. Lighting Focus >> 5 hours 7. Sound EQ >> 3.5 hours 8. Backline >> 7 hours
How much does Harry Fox receive for ringtones?
10%
How do the two entities, who hold a songwriting copyright at the same time, traditionally split any income?
50/50 for the duration of the contract
Most record royalties range from
7-12%
How long is an author protected under the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA, also known as the Sonny Bono law) (lecture and also from the book on page 51)?
70 years past the death of the last composer
How long is a work protected under the Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA, also known as the Sonny Bono law) if it was published or registered AFTER 1978, if the work was a 'work for hire'? (Page 51)
95 years past the date of registration or publication with notice, or 120 years after creation (whatever occurs first)
What is a performance video?
A concert view of the artist performing and singing
An equalizer is
A device used to adjust the volume of frequencies
A pre-amp is
A device used to provide amplification to the microphone so that the mixing board can manipulate the signal efficiently
A dynamic processor is
A device used to regulate volume on a ratio principle after the initial gain stage
A crossover is
A device used to split the signal by frequency
A transducer is
A device used to transfer acoustic energy to electric energy, and vice versa
Arts based copyrights includes all BUT
A new musical instrument design
Which of the following is NOT true regarding production rehearsals?
A small crowd is brought in to see how new songs will be received by the audience
There are many reasons to call Harry Fox. Which of these is NOT a reason?
Because you want to list your song with a publisher.
Which company bases their "Top 200" chart on Soundscan information?
Billboard
What has the best control for direction of the sound of higher frequencies?
Bullet horn
The lecture and PowerPoint noted six types of television programs. Name 3.
Cable Programming, Network Late-Night Talk Shows, and Showbiz
Which of these would NOT be considered a way to advance the venue?
Catering examples are provided to ensure the artists gets the best quality treatment
Production expenses (201) that are considered legitimate _______________ include studio rentals, union wages to AFM and AFTRA members, music arranging and copying expense and producer costs.
Chargeback
Production expenses (page 201) that are considered legitimate _______________ include studio rentals, union wages to AFM and AFTRA members, music arranging and copying expense and producer costs.
Chargeback
Which of these items are NOT in the anatomy of the press release?
Clear indentations for clarity
What type of input source are the most expensive and least durable?
Condenser
What type of input source uses electrostatic energy known as phantom power, and are known for their accuracy and strength of high frequencies?
Condenser
An example of this type of electrical current would be from batteries
DC
Describe the process of "ringing out a system." (three points)
First set all Sliders to flat, then bring up the output gain until you receive feedback from one frequency. Then find that specific fader and bring it back until the feedback is gone. Repeat this process for more frequencies. Another way of describing it would be raising volume until the point of feedback, then reduce and turn back the whole EQ slightly.
Which of the following is OUTSIDE of a tour manager's responsibilities?
Fly to the venue in advance if they are unfamiliar with it
What is the difference between a packaging deduction, a "for returns" deduction, and a breakage deduction?
For returns relates to the idea that a product may be returned outside of the company. In this case, there will be a withholding of payments for 25% of records shipped in a quarter. Packaging deduction is 20-25% for materials. Breakage deduction refers to a deduction under the pretense that "10% of records being shipped will be damaged or broken, so there will be a 10% reduction".
What is a light referred to in its non-specified form?
Lamp
How much does the record company pay for promotional material known as "free goods?"
Nothing
How does an independent record store obtain hard copies of recordings?
One Stop
The publishing industry uses songs written for two basic purposes. What are they?
Ones for personal use and ones for use by others
What is FACTOR?
Organization that assists in financing the tours by Canadian artists
What is street team marketing?
Organizing and motivating volunteers to work in personal outreach locally
What is the most common type of light used in a lighting system?
PAR can
What power distribution method is sent to multiple sources (lights), and if one fails, the others are not affected?
Parallel
What would NOT be considered a fixed medium when creating a song
Performing the song publicly
Which of these are NOT among the "4 P's of Marketing"
Personal
Which of the following characteristics are NOT required of a good booking agent?
Personal connection with record company A&R representative
What type of input source are fastened to a vibrating plate on the instrument (usually made of wood)?
Piezo-electric
What award is issued for 1,000,000 copies shipped?
Platinum
Sound Exchange (as noted on page 130) collects for all of the following but
Reverb Nation on Demand (not streaming)
What is CanCon?
Principle that no less than 35% of the artists played on Canadian radio stations are Canadian songwriters
What are three functions of music videos?
Programming for videos, serves as products to sell, and promotion for records.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding touring equipment?
Pyrotechnics can be used as long as the coordinator is careful
Which company provides sales awards?
RIAA
How does a truck stop obtain CDs?
Rack jobber
What are the primary colors of light?
Red, Blue, and Green
Which section of the copyright law is important to help protect the author in statuary damage conflicts. (page 54)
Registration
On a piece of paper, draw the signal path of a tri-amped PA system, from input transducer to output transducer, and upload a picture of the diagram below. (six points)
SEE LONG ANSWER
One a piece of paper, draw process of how a channel of a lighting system functions, and upload a picture of the diagram below. (six points)
SEE LONG ANSWER
Which of these items should NOT be included on a mailing list?
School
The four-way PA system, without a line array, seems to be sounding "weird." The system seems to lack bass, but it seems to only be a problem on one side of the stacks. There are a few things you can check: what are they? (four points)
See if there is an issue with the speakers, see if there is an issue with the cables and change them out, check the connection to the system.
What power distribution method has one path, but if one source (light) fails then it affects everything else down the chain.
Series
Which of the following do NOT need to be considered by an artist planning a showcase show?
Showcases should be on nights where there are fewer patrons so that industry personnel can concentrate on them
Which of these is NOT in the spirit of public domain (PD)?
Someone can use a sample under three seconds
What is Sundry Use?
Songs used for commercial advertising
What two entities can hold a songwriting copyright at the same time?
Songwriter and Publisher
What entity pays the most to artists as of 2016?
Spotify
Industrial property protection includes patents to protect all BUT:
Stories such as Snow White
What is CMRRA?
The Canadian equivalent to Harry Fox
What is SOCAN?
The Canadian performing rights organization
What is payola? (page 332)
When disc jockeys were enticed for blandishments and bribes by music business promoters.
What is "doubling" in the context of union recording sessions?
When one person plays more than one instrument.
In the context of a publishing contract, what is an example of default? (page 78)
When terms of the contract are not carried out
What is considered "At Source?" (page 95-96)
When the publisher and writer's share is calculated on income earned in a foreign territory without deductions.
What is considered "Receipt-Based?" (page 95-96)
When the publisher's and writer's share is calculated only on income received by the publisher in the United States, after payments or deductions to a sub publisher have been made.
In the context of a publishing contract, what is an example of assignment?(page 78)
When the rights are given to the publisher
In the context of a publishing contract, what is an example of remedy? (page 79)
When the writer asks the publisher to correct a problem
When do you have to serve the owner/publisher a "Notice of Intention to Obtain a Compulsory License?"
When you record it
What is a dynamic benefit of property rights?
You may license your property to someone else and receive payment
What is a static benefit of property rights?
You may license your property to someone else and receive payment
How could the cost of expression be described?
a "fixed" cost
How could one describe the actual copies
a "variable" cost