Final NUTR

The matrix of bones is: a protein framework made up primarily of collagen imbedded with hydroxyapatite all of these are correct

All

Which is a good dietary source of thiamin? pork whole grains sunflower seeds all of the above

All of the above

Which is true regarding niacin? The niacin deficiency disease is beriberi It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan Corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies Eggs are a good source of preformed niacin

It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan

The following minerals all compete with each other for absorption except: copper zinc sodium calcium

sodium

In the United States, the typical diet is high in _____ and low in ______ iron; potassium sodium; potassium and chloride sodium and chloride; potassium sodium; phosphorous

sodium and chloride; potassium

Which of the following would NOT enhance absorption of the iron found in supplements? consuming it with orange juice taking the supplement with a meal containing fish Consuming the supplement with a meal containing beef taking it with a calcium supplement

taking it with a calcium supplement

Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ________ in the diet. thiamin niacin riboflavin vitamin C

thiamin

A water loss of _______ of body weight can impair physical and cognitive performance. 10% 1-2% 20% 5-7%

1-2%

The UL for sodium intake is _______ mg/day. 1850 2300 One has not been established 1000

2300

Approximately what percentage of the adult human body is water? 40% 80% 20% 60%

60%

Which of the following is LEAST likely to result as an increased need for water? Consuming many high protein foods Lactation A low-calorie diet High potassium intake

High potassium intake

When the vitamins lost in grain processing are restored, which is a nutrient typically NOT added back? Riboflavin Iron Thiamin Pantothenic Acid

Pantothenic Acid

Which is the correct relationship between smoking and drinking and osteoporosis risk? Smoking and drinking both increase risk Smoking decreases risk while drinking increases it Smoking and drinking both decrease risk Smoking increases risk while drinking decreases it

Smoking and drinking both increase risk

Which of the following best describes the distribution of sodium and potassium in the body? Sodium is primarily extracellular, potassium is primarily intracellular Sodium is primarily intracellular, potassium is primarily extracellular Sodium and potassium are primarily extracellular Sodium and potassium are primarily intracellular

Sodium is primarily extracellular, potassium is primarily intracellular

Which is NOT considered a good dietary source of Vitamin E? peanuts fortified breakfast cereals dark orange and yellow vegetables soybean oil

dark orange and yellow vegetables

Peak bone mass in women is typically reached in: early childhood early adulthood the menopausal period infancy

early adulthood

The best way to increase antioxidant intake is to: consume more dairy foods eat more fruits, vegetables and whole grains take an antioxidant-containing supplement eat more meat

eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

A primary function of thiamin is to: facilitate the production of energy from glucose promote blood clotting increase iron incorporation into hemoglobin regulate cell differentiation

facilitate the production of energy from glucose

When consumption of _____ is insufficient, vitamin A absorption is decreased water carbohydrate protein fat

fat

Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron stores in the body? hematocrit hemoglobin transferrin ferritin

ferritin

A common adverse effect of niacin toxicity is flushing of the skin dementia hives dermatitis

flushing of the skin

Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies? b12 folic acid biotin riboflavin

folic acid

The best source of potassium per calorie comes from whole grains low-fat dairy fruits and vegetables lean protein

fruits and vegetables

Iron is a component of the protein, ______ that binds and transports oxygen in the bloodstream. myoglobin hemoglobin ferritin albumin

hemoglobin

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the role of water in regulating body temperature? high body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys, increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat low body temperature causes restricted blood flow to the skin to conserve body heat water changes temperature slowly, helping to maintain body temperature when body temperature rises, sweat is produced, this evaporates to cool the body

high body temperature increases blood flow to the kidneys, increasing urine production, thus dissipating excess heat

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium? if dietary calcium is low, blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium if dietary calcium is low, both blood and bone levels will decline blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone if dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium

if dietary calcium is low, bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium

Drinking plain water after a long period of excessive sweating can do all of the following EXCEPT: result in nausea, muscle cramps and confusion increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure cause water toxicity dilute the sodium in the blood

increase potassium in the blood causing high blood pressure

As the intake of polyunsaturated fats increases, the need for vitamin E: decreases changes in complex ways determined according to intake of antioxidant nutrients there is no known relationship increases

increases

Vitamin D acts primarily in the: stomach and pancreas intestine, kidney and bone heart and lungs skin and liver

intestine, kidney and bones

Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which nutrient? Zinc Glucose Fluoride Iron

iron

Which food is the best source of folate? chicken cheese brown rice lentils

lentils

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to vitamin C oxygen acid light

light

Vitamin A is stable except when exposed to: fat cold temperatures such as in a refrigerator heat light and oxygen

light and oxygen

High folate intake may: increase the incidence of colon cancer. cause other vitamin deficiencies because folate competes for absorption sites. mask a vitamin B12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage. cause acne.

mask a vitamin B12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage.

Niacin supplements: are associated with an increase in heart attacks may decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol are commonly used in the US since niacin deficiency is a public health concern provide an essential energy boost

may decrease LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol

Of the following _______, is (are) the best source of zinc: red meat refined grains chocolate apples

red meat

The primary function of vitamin D in the body is to: modulate iron levels prevent anemia regulate calcium and phosphorus levels support night vision

regulate calcium and phosphorus levels

The actions of Vitamin D do not include stimulating intestinal calcium absorption breaking down of bone to release calcium into the blood increasing calcium reabsorption by the kidneys regulating thyroid hormone synthesis

regulating thyroid hormone synthesis

All of the following occur when the concentration of sodium in the blood rises EXCEPT: blood pressure rises renin is released blood volume rises water moves into the blood

renin is released

A Vitamin D deficiency syndrome characterized by bone deformities in children is called: xerophthalmia osteomalacia rickets scurvy

rickets

Which lifestyle factor increases the requirement for vitamin C? exercising frequently and intensely eating a diet high in fiber drinking alcohol smoking cigarettes

smoking cigarettes

Good sources of potassium include all of the following except tomatoes bananas snack crackers potatoes

snack crackers

Nerve conduction and muscle contraction depends on which minerals? sodium & potassium chloride & potassium phosphorus & calcium sodium & fluoride

sodium & potassium

The primary function of vitamin E is: to increase absorption of calcium in the small intestine to regulate acid base balance to regulate glucose levels to act as an antioxidant

to act as an antioxidant

Marginal chromium deficiency has been linked to: type 2 diabetes breast cancer polio strokes

type 2 diabetes

Meeting Vitamin B12 needs from the diet is especially difficult for: infants pregnant women athletes undergoing rigorous training vegans

vegans

Folic acid supplements are most frequently recommended for: toddlers post-menopausal women the elderly women who may become pregnant

women who may become pregnant

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet? post-menopausal women individuals with decreased bone density All these groups could benefit Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass

All

Which of the following individuals is at risk for dehydration? an elderly woman returning from a 4-hour flight all are potentially at risk for dehydration an athlete, exercising in cool weather a child recovering from diarrhea

All

Which statement concerning electrolyte imbalance is true? It can occur in anorexia nervosa It can disturb acid base balance It can cause sudden heart failure All of these statements are true

All

Which is the FALSE statement about absorption of calcium? Lactose enhances the rate of calcium absorption Vitamin D enhances calcium absorption Calcium supplements may interfere with absorption of copper and iron Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy

Calcium absorption decreases during pregnancy

Which statement about canned vegetables is FALSE? Canned vegetables have a very long shelf life Canning exposes vegetables to high temperatures, reducing their nutrient content Current dietary recommendations are to rarely, if ever, consume canned vegetables Canned vegetables are typically high in salt

Current dietary recommendations are to rarely, if ever, consume canned vegetables

Reduced consumption of fruits and vegetables, tends to decrease intake of all of the following fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT vitamin ______________. A D E K

D

Which vitamin is referred to as the "sunshine vitamin"? K A D E

D

Which statement about frozen foods is INCORRECT? Freezing slows the loss of nutrients caused by exposure to heat, light, and air. Freezing vegetable causes nutrient losses Fresh produce in grocery stores always has higher nutrient content than frozen produce Produce is often frozen in the fields where it is grown

Fresh produce in grocery stores always has higher nutrient content than frozen produce

Which statement about vitamin D toxicity is FALSE? It may cause cardiovascular damage It results in calcium deposition in soft tissues It is likely to be caused by too much sunlight It may be caused by over-supplementation or over-fortification

It is likely to be caused by too much sunlight

Beta carotene is LEAST plentiful in which food? Kiwis Mangos Mustard Greens Carrots

Kiwis

Which statement about chromium supplements is the most accurate? Chromium supplementation increases lean body mass It may improve athletic performance Supplementation may improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes it leads to weight loss

Supplementation may improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes

When vitamin A is deficient, there is a delay in the regeneration of the visual pigment. Which statement is INCORRECT? This condition is called night blindness. This causes difficulty adapting to dim light after exposure to bright light. This is one of the first signs of a vitamin A deficiency. This condition is irreversible.

This condition is irreversible.

Which fat soluble vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal bacteria? Vitamin D Vitamin K Vitamin A Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Which statement is NOT true? Vitamins are necessary in many biochemical reactions in the body Vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States Deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin is less likely than of a typical water soluble vitamin Vitamins provide energy

Vitamins provide energy

Which statement is FALSE regarding the function of zinc in the body? Zinc is needed for the synthesis of vitamin E Zinc is needed for growth and tissue repair Zinc is a cofactor for many enzymes Zinc is needed for the development of sex organs

Zinc is needed for the synthesis of vitamin E

Excessive intake of vitamin A from supplements could cause all of the following EXCEPT: acne liver damage birth defects increased incidence of bone fracture

acne

most of the salt consumed by Americans is: a. found naturally in food b. added during home preparation c. added at the table d. added to food during processing and manufacturing

added to food during processing and manufacturing

Absorption of vitamin b12 is dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT intrinsic factor amylase pepsin adequate stomach acid

amylase

High blood pressure results in all of the following EXCEPT: the heart working harder an increased risk of stroke weakening of and damage to artery walls an increased diabetes risk

an increased diabetes risk

Iron stores that are higher than normal but not at a toxic level may be associated with increased stamina an improved immune system an increased risk of cancer and heart disease hyper-hemoglobinemia

an increased risk of cancer and heart disease

Long term use of antibiotics may result in Vitamin K deficiency because: antibiotics require vitamin K as a co-factor to function properly antibiotics may change the bacterial flora in the gut, decreasing vitamin K production most antibiotics promote blood clotting, increasing vitamin K requirements antibiotics may interfere with absorption of the vitamin

antibiotics may change the bacterial flora in the gut, decreasing vitamin K production

All of the following are adequate sources of nonheme iron EXCEPT: garbanzo beans apples spinach enriched white rice

apples

The primary role of iodine in the body is: as an antioxidant as a cofactor in hemoglobin synthesis as a component of thyroid hormones participation in carbohydrate metabolism

as a component of thyroid hormones

Which of the following has not been found to interfere with mineral absorption? phytates oxalates tannins ascorbic acid

ascorbic acid

Vitamin K is required to produce prothrombin, which is needed for: blood clotting night vision antioxidant functions bone calcification

blood clotting

after 35 to 45 years of age: bone formation exceeds bone breakdown bone formation is equal to bone breakdown bone breakdown exceeds bone formation the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily

bone breakdown exceeds bone formation

Which group of people is most at risk for developing thiamin deficiency? endurance athletes chronic alcoholics tobacco users older adults

chronic alcoholics

Many B vitamins function as ______, which bind to enzymes to promote their activity. hormones provitamins transport proteins coenzymes

coenzymes