Final Patho II

Which statement is accurate about patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer?

"Mortality is greater for women than men."

A patient with a comminuted fracture asks why surgery is required. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

"Surgery is required to stabilize the area around the fracture."

Which effect should the nurse understand may result from shearing force?

Damage to underlying tissue

A patient with a history of drug abuse is diagnosed with acute liver failure that developed over the last few weeks. In addition to coagulopathy, for which manifestation should the nurse assess this patient?

Encephalopathy

A school-age male patient is experiencing joint inflammation of the hips and knees and has the presence of an HLA-B27 gene documented in the medical record. Which type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis should the nurse suspect this patient is experiencing?

Enthesitis-related juvenile idiopathic arthritis

A neonate is being treated with special lighting for jaundice. Which laboratory value should the nurse suspect caused this treatment to be prescribed?

Increased level of unconjugated bilirubin

The nurse is preparing teaching for an older adult about how to prevent pressure-related injuries. Which reason would the nurse not include?

Increased nutritional intake

The nurse is caring for a patient with newly diagnosed Graves disease. Which lab result is consistent with this diagnosis?

Increased triiodothyronine (T3) and thryoxine (T4)

A patient has a deep, macerated, foul-smelling wound on their coccyx that is warm to the touch and getting bigger each day. Which should the nurse rule out as a possible cause?

Increased vitamin C intake

A patient has urine leakage while coughing. Which term should the nurse use to document this type of incontinence?

Stress

The nurse is aware of a group of clinic patients who have a family member with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Which patient should the nurse identify as the one with the greatest risk for developing the disorder?

The patient's identical twin diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)

A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus​ (T2DM) has a glycosylated hemoglobin​ (HbA1c) level of​ 8.5%. Which interpretation about the test result is​ accurate?

The test result is above the recommended levels for HbA1c.

The nurse is caring for a neonate with jaundice. Which treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Therapy with specialized lighting

A pregnant patient with a family history of Huntington disease (HD) learns the fetus has the gene for the disorder. Which information should the nurse provide to the patient about the disorder?

There is a 50% chance of the child's inheriting the gene mutation that causes the disease.

Which purpose does the proliferative phase of wound healing​ serve?

Tissue repair

Which vitamin deficiency puts clients at risk for poor wound​ healing?

Vitamin C

Which statement best describes a herniated disc?

"A disc between two vertebra ruptures, allowing the fluid in the disc to leak out and the inner layer seeps through the outer layer."

A patient with cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and acute abdominal pain asks the nurse, "Why am I in so much pain?" Which response by the nurse is accurate?

"A gallstone has lodged in your common bile duct."

A patient with melanoma on the lower back asks why the lesion developed in that area since it is not exposed to sunlight. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"A melanoma starts out as a mole and grows abnormally; it is not the result of sun damage."

The nurse is teaching a group of student athletes about soft tissue injuries and the difference between a strain and a sprain. Which statement by a student indicates that the teaching was effective?

"A strain is an injury to a muscle-tendon, and a sprain is an injury to the ligaments around the joint."

The nurse teaches a patient about the rapid adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) test. Which patient statement indicates understanding of the test?

"A subnormal rise in cortisol means I have primary adrenocortical insufficiency."

A patient being treated for a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) asks what caused the injury. With which statement should the nurse respond to this patient?

"A tear occurred in the ligament."

A patient with herpes simplex 2 asks how the condition is treated. Which information should the nurse include when responding to this patient?

"Antiviral medications will decrease the length and severity of the outbreaks."

A patient diagnosed with pancreatic cancer has dull epigastric discomfort that radiates to the back. Which explanation should the nurse provide to the patient for this discomfort?

"Back pain is usually worse when lying in the supine position."

The nurse prepares teaching for a patient with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Which recommendation should the nurse include in this teaching?

"Begin a weight-loss program."

The nurse is teaching colleagues about benign bone tumors. Which statement by a colleague indicates that the teaching was effective?

"Benign bone tumors are most common in children and young adults up to the age of 30."

The nurse teaches a patient with diabetes mellitus about factors that may impede the healing process. Which patient statement suggests that effective learning has taken place?

"Blood flow to the wound is most important for wound healing."

A patient is diagnosed with Paget disease. Which explanation should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this health problem?

"Bone tissue is resorbed faster than usual, so the body tries to make new bone tissue too quickly, and it becomes weak and brittle."

A patient with new onset jaundice is diagnosed with hepatitis A. Which question should the nurse ask the patient?

"Can you recall where you were approximately 30 days ago?"

A pregnant patient with a history of a seizure disorder stops taking medications because of concern the fetus will be harmed. Which advice should the nurse give to the patient?

"Continue taking medications because the risks of the medicines are minor compared with the risks of having a tonic-clonic seizure while pregnant."

The patient tells the nurse, "I am concerned that my infected toe might be amputated during the surgical debridement." Which response should the nurse provide?

"Debridement is the removal of dead tissue only from the wound to help with healing."

A patient with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) asks how the disease is treated. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are used to relieve disease-related symptoms."

The nurse is teaching a pregnant patient with gestational diabetes about the need for glucose control. Which statement made by the patient indicates that the teaching has been effective?

"Excellent glucose control will reduce the risk of complications both for myself and my baby."

A patient with hepatitis B asks why HIV testing is being done. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"Hepatitis B and HIV have the same modes of transmission."

A patient with hepatitis B asks how the disease developed. Which response should the nurse make to the patient?

"Hepatitis B is transmitted by way of direct contact with contaminated blood or bodily fluid."

The nurse is planning to assess a patient to determine risk factors for acute pancreatitis. Which question should the nurse ask?

"How much alcohol do you drink each week?"

The patient asks the nurse how a hypertrophic scar differs from a keloid scar. Which response should the nurse give?

"Hypertrophic scars regress spontaneously."

The nurse teaches a patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) about ongoing care needs. Which patient statement requires follow-up by the nurse?

"I should have my eyes checked every 5 years."

The nurse is teaching a patient about Graves disease. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding?

"I should not stop my propylthiouracil unless instructed by my healthcare provider."

The nurse is teaching a patient recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The patient has over 80% loss of pancreatic beta-cell mass. For which patient statement should the nurse follow up?

"I will have relative insulin deficiency for the rest of my life."

The nurse is teaching a patient with pancreatic cancer positioning to relieve pain. Which patient statement requires futher teaching?

"I will lie on my back."

A patient with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) asks if the problem will affect current children. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"Idiopathic conditions are the result of an unknown cause and are not associated with a genetic predisposition to the disease."

A patient presents with a cellulitis of the left lower leg. The nurse marks the borders of the reddened skin. An antibiotic is started. The patient asks the nurse, "Why did you mark my skin?" Which response by the nurse is best?

"If the redness spreads beyond the border marking, it will tell us the infection is spreading."

A patient diagnosed with a renal calculi asks the nurse, "Why am I getting fluids and medications instead of having the stones surgically removed?" Which response by the nurse is accurate?

"If the stone is small enough, it is better to pass the stone spontaneously."

A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) avoids monthly medical appointments. Which recommendation should the nurse make to help monitor the progression of ALS and prevent complications associated with respiratory failure?

"It is important that respiratory function is assessed every 3 months and you are monitored for pneumonia and respiratory failure."

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) requires teaching on the effects of the health problem on body functions. Which nursing explanation describes the effects of MS plaque formation and demyelination of brain tissue?

"Lesions or plaques occur in the white matter of the brain because of inflammation and the body's immune response, causing damage to the myelin sheath outside the nerve and delaying the transmission of nerve impulses in the body."

A patient with liver failure is experiencing worsening ascites. Which teaching should the nurse provide to this patient?

"Limit salt in your diet."

The nurse prepares teaching for a community group on the increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Which statement should the nurse include when teaching about this disorder?

"Minor modifications such as adding exercise or decreasing daily calorie intake can greatly reduce the risk of developing T2DM."

The parent of a child with herpes simplex 1 asks how the health problem developed. Which response should the nurse make to the parent?

"Most cases of herpes simplex 1 are acquired in childhood through casual exposure to the virus."

The patient with mucinous pancreatic cysts asks the nurse, "Why do I need surgery?" Which is the nurse's best response?

"Mucinous cysts are a serious type of pancreatic cyst that may develop into cancer."

The nurse is teaching the parent of a toddler with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Which statement by the parent indicates to the nurse that the teaching is effective?

"My child is a picky eater. My child will be at risk for hypoglycemia if the child refuses to eat after insulin is administered."

The nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes mellitus (DM). Which statement should the nurse include in this teaching?

"Numbness and tingling in the legs or arms should be reported immediately."

The patient asks the nurse how low oxygen impedes wound healing. Which information should the nurse consider for the response to the patient?

"Oxygen is required for the immune system to destroy organisms that cause infection."

The nurse teaches a patient with a new diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD). Which description by the nurse explains the primary pathophysiology of PD?

"PD results from progressive depletion of dopamine in the brain."

A pregnant woman experiencing back discomfort has an increased concave appearance of the spinal column. Which explanation should the nurse provide about this finding?

"Pregnancy can cause the spine to change alignment due to the fetus."

A patient asks the nurse why it is important to maintain the lowest possible dosage of propylthiouracil during pregnancy. Which response should the nurse give?

"Propylthiouracil crosses the placental barrier."

The nurse is teaching a colleague about how hypertension causes kidney damage. Which statement by the colleague indicates successful teaching?

"Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation leads to decreased blood flow to the kidney."

A patient who is experiencing an initial outbreak of herpes simplex 2, tells the nurse that the pain and itching are horrible, and asks what to expect in subsequent outbreaks. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"Subsequent outbreaks of herpes simplex 2 are usually shorter in duration and less severe than the initial outbreak."

A patient has just been diagnosed with stage I nonmetastasized renal cell carcinoma and asks the nurse about the expected treatment. Which response should the nurse give?

"Surgery is usually the best option for treatment."

A patient experiencing chorea associated with Huntington disease (HD) asks about medications to treat the movements. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"Tetrabenazine is the only FDA-approved medication for Huntington chorea."

A patient is diagnosed with a comminuted fracture. Which phrase should the nurse use to explain this type of fracture?

"The bone is broken into fragments."

The nurse gives a presentation on the etiology of primary adrenal hypofunction. Which participant statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"The disorder can be due to injury to the hypothalamus."

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is concerned about being thirsty. Which explanation should the nurse provide to this patient?

"The excess blood sugar raises the osmolarity of the blood, so more fluid is lost through the urine. This leads to dehydration. Thirst is your body's way of telling you that you are dehydrated and need more fluids."

A patient asks the nurse what albuminuria means. Which response should the nurse give?

"The glomeruli lost selective permeability allowing protein to leak out into the urine."

An older patient asks why shingles developed when no one else in the family has ever had the disorder. Which response should the nurse make to the patient?

"The greatest risk factor for shingles is previous exposure to varicella and age over 50 years."

The nurse is instructing a community group about transmission of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. Which statement by a participant should be questioned?

"The incubation period lasts up to 6 months."

A patient with liver disease asks why the skin now appears yellow. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"The jaundice is the result of impaired bilirubin metabolism caused by the liver disease."

The nurse is teaching a patient about the risk of fat embolism after a fracture. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?

"The risk of fat embolism is increased in fractures of long bones or the pelvis."

A patient with osteoarthritis (OA) asks why the joints are stiff, inflamed, and swollen. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"The symptoms of OA are often caused by changes in the cartilage and bone spurs, which contribute to pain, stiffness, inflammation, and swelling."

A patient is surprised to learn of having a herniated disc because of the absence of pain. Which response should the nurse provide to this patient?

"The symptoms you will have are related to the severity and location of the herniated disc."

The nurse is teaching a patient about scarless fetal wound healing. Which statement should the nurse include?

"The younger the gestational age and the smaller the wound, the lesser the scarring will be."

The nurse is preparing a patient for a surgical excision of a malignant melanoma lesion that was diagnosed very early. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of the procedure?

"This early intervention will remove the lesion and hopefully prevent my cancer from spreading."

The nurse is planning to teach a patient about the radioactive iodine uptake test. Which statement should the nurse include?

"This test can help distinguish Graves disease from other hyperthyroid causes."

A patient with basal cell carcinoma asks if the health problem is serious. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"This type of skin cancer is very slow-growing and rarely spreads, but can be serious if not treated."

The parents of a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) ask what treatment will do for the health problem. Which response should the nurse provide to the parents?

"Treatment of JIA is focused on reducing pain, improving mobility, and supporting developmental growth."

The nurse is caring for a patient suspected of having cholelithiasis. Which question related to the patient's health history should the nurse ask?

"What types of food do you most often eat?"

A 4-year-old child with a history of febrile seizures experiences another seizure. Which question should the nurse ask the patient's parent about the febrile seizure?

"What was your child's age when the febrile seizure occurred?"

A patient with ankylosing spondylitis is experiencing increased spinal stiffness and asks why this is occurring. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"With ankylosing spondylitis, the vertebrae fuse and decrease your mobility."

The nurse reviews anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries with a group of new nurses. Which statement by a new nurse indicates that teaching has been effective?

"Women are at greater risk for ACL injury than men."

A 30-year-old woman is demonstrating signs of multiple sclerosis (MS). Which statement regarding the incidence of MS in females is accurate?

"Women are more commonly affected than men."

The nurse is prepaing a presentation on thyroid cancer. Which statement should the nurse include?

"Women are the most likely to die from thyroid cancer."

A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has had an elevated blood glucose after eating and in the mornings before eating. The patient asks why an insulin regimen is now being recommended. Which response should the nurse make to this patient?

"You are now in stage 3 T2DM, which means your blood glucose levels will increase after eating and when fasting."

A patient with recently diagnosed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) seeks curative therapy at a foreign clinic. Which statement should the nurse make in response?

"You have the right to seek therapeutic options for your condition, but it's important to remember that ALS is a chronic condition that will require monitoring for its progression and symptoms."

A patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has over 80% loss of pancreatic beta-cell mass. Which statement should the nurse include when teaching the patient about this disease process?

"You may see insulin production increase slightly, but eventually, it will cease."

The nurse is discussing the timing of manifestations of acute urticaria. Which time should the nurse include that represents a delayed occurrence?

2 hours

Which patient is at the greatest risk of developing atopic dermatitis (AD)?

2-year-old child

How many days after an injury should the nurse expect the formation of granulation tissue in a wound bed?

3-5

The nurse is caring for a group of patients at risk of having wound dehiscence and evisceration. Which patient should the nurse prioritize as being at greatest risk?

A 30-year-old diabetic patient with generalized infection, on long-term steroids

The nurse is performing musculoskeletal screening tests during a community health clinic. Which person should the nurse identify as most at risk for a herniated or ruptured disc?

A 45-year-old overweight man who smokes

Which patient has the most significant risk factor for the development of Parkinson disease (PD)?

A 65-year-old man

The nurse is caring for an older female patient with osteoporosis. Which complication should the nurse identify as being related to the patient's health problem?

A hip fracture of unknown etiology

Based on the risk factors for developing photodermatitis, which patient should the nurse identify as being at the greatest risk?

A patient with light skin who takes anti-inflammatory medication

Which patient is at the highest risk for developing photodermatitis?

A patient with very light skin

A patient is diagnosed with renal cell cancer. Which clinical manifestation is consistent with this disorder?

Abdominal mass

The nurse is teaching a patient with a history of alcoholism and cirrhosis of the liver lifestyle changes to manage and possibly repair the liver damage. Which change is a priority for the nurse to include?

Abstinence from drinking

The nurse is visiting a school-aged patient at home who had an arm cast applied 24 hours ago. The patient is experiencing limited mobility, severe pain, pallor, numbness, and tingling of the fingertips. Which immediate action should the nurse take for this patient?

Access immediate emergency care.

The nurse notes that a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus is prescribed insulin. Which should the nurse realize as the primary function of insulin?

Activation of receptors in the cell wall that facilitate the transport of glucose into the cell

After eating a high fat meal a patient reports upper right abdominal quadrant pain radiating to the right scapula, nausea, fever, and chills. Which biliary tract alteration should the nurse suspect?

Acute cholecystitis

A patient with a history of drug abuse experiences a sudden onset of confusion and coagulopathy. For which condition should the nurse assess this patient?

Acute liver failure

The nurse is planning to screen students for scoliosis. Which test should the nurse use first?

Adam forward bend test

The nurse is planning care for a patient at risk for a pressure injury due to inadequate nutrition intake and chronic alcoholism. Which of the following will improve the patient's condition?

Adding a nutritional supplement to the patient's diet

A patient experiencing status epilepticus is intubated. Which prescription should the nurse complete next?

Administering 50% glucose

A patient is having a severe anaphylactic reaction. Which drug should the nurse expect to administer?

Adrenaline

A patient scheduled for a rapid ACTH stimulating test asks the nurse which function the test is assessing. Which function should the nurse include in the response?

Adrenocortical

The nurse is listing systemic factors that may impede wound healing. Which factor should the nurse​ include? (Select all that​ apply.)

Advanced age Malnutrition Medication Smoking

Which risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus​ (T2DM) should the nurse assess in a​ client? (Select all that​ apply.)

African American descent Socioeconomic factors Obesity and physical inactivity

A patient reports a parent died of complications of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which critical risk factors for ALS should the nurse identify for this patient?

Age and family history

A patient has a 96-hour outbreak of herpes zoster. Which is the important factor when considering the initiation of antiviral medications after 72 hours of a herpes zoster outbreak?

Age greater than 50

The public health nurse notes an increase in new cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) among women who are 20-30 years of age. Which is a significant risk factor for multiple sclerosis in women?

Altered hormone levels

A patient with a history of complex partial seizures is having anti-seizure medication adjusted. Which clinical manifestation is associated with complex partial seizures?

An aura preceding the seizure

Which statement explains the genetic cause for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

An important gene responsible for glucose transport can become defective, leading to a higher baseline HbA1c.

The nurse is discussing symptoms not typically associated with diabetic nephropathy that indicate the need for a kidney biopsy. Which symptom should the nurse include?

An increase in hypertension after initiation of blood pressure medications

The nurse is preparing a teaching tool on various skin problems. Which statement should the nurse include that accurately describes psoriasis?

An inflammatory skin disease that is immune-mediated

Which patient is at the greatest risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

An office worker with central obesity recently diagnosed with osteoporosis

The nurse is preparing a presentation about hyperparathyroidism. Which population should be included as being most at risk?

An older adult woman

Which condition should the nurse understand requires the administration of adrenaline as the treatment drug of choice?

Anaphylaxis

A patient experiences back pain and stiffness that begins in the lower back and moves to the entire back area. Which health problem should the nurse suspect is causing the patient's symptoms?

Ankylosing spondylosis

During a soccer game, a patient experienced a popping sensation in one knee and then fell to the ground. Which kind of injury should the nurse suspect this patient has experienced?

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear

A patient is experiencing joint stiffness and pain in both knees and ankles, which are spongelike and tender to touch. Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Anti-CCP blood test

A patient with symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a negative rheumatoid factor (RF). Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to be prescribed to diagnose RA in this patient?

Anti-CCP test

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with membranous glomerulonephritis. Which treatment should the nurse expect for this patient?

Antihypertensive therapy

The nurse is caring for a patient with a sprained ankle. Which intervention should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care?

Apply ice.

A patient has begun showing clinical signs of liver failure. Which statement best describes what this finding should indicate to the nurse?

Approximately 80-90% of the liver is affected.

Which statement about bone loss is​ correct? (Select all that​ apply.)

As they​ age, men lose some of their bone mass. After​ menopause, women have accelerated bone resorption. Bone loss is accelerated if the diet is deficient in vitamin D and calcium.

A patient is being treated for cirrhosis. The nurse should assess for which manifestation in this patient?

Ascites

The nurse should recognize that which condition often causes dyspnea in patients with liver cirrhosis?

Ascites

A patient with 84% liver necrosis is demonstrating encephalopathy. Which action should the nurse take first?

Assess for jaundice

A urinalysis has been ordered for a patient who reports urinary frequency and burning upon urination. Which disorder should the nurse expect the test to reveal?

Bacteriuria

A patient is diagnosed with a slow-growing skin cancer that does not metastasize and is considered the most common type yet should be treated to prevent expansion into the bone. Which type of skin cancer should the nurse prepare teaching for this patient?

Basal cell carcinoma

The nurse reviews the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus before assessing a patient with the disorder. Which cells are destroyed and unable to produce insulin in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)?

Beta

A patient with cholelithiasis has an elevated conjugated bilirubin. Which finding should the nurse expect from this result?

Biliary obstruction

The nurse is assessing a patient who has a smoking history, hematuria, urgency, and dysuria. Which diagnosis should the nurse suspect?

Bladder cancer

The nurse is reviewing the health history of a patient. The patient has a longtime history of smoking. The nurse recognizes that the patient is at risk for which disorder?

Bladder cancer

The nurse is caring for a patient with acute liver failure. Which assessment findings should the nurse immediately report to the healthcare provider?

Bleeding and confusion

A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is​ diaphoretic, shaky, and very drowsy. Which measurement should the nurse expect to assess in this​ client?

Blood glucose 42​ mg/dL

The nurse is preparing a presentation on Cushing syndrome. Which information regarding the effects of decreased ACTH production by the pituitary gland should the nurse​ give? (Select all that​ apply.)

Blood glucose levels are elevated. Gluconeogenesis is stimulated. Immunosuppression occurs.

A patient is being evaluated for diabetes mellitus (DM). Which finding should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

Blood pressure 82/58 mmHg and heart rate 124 beats/min

A patient is being treated for liver failure. For which assessment finding should the nurse contact the healthcare provider?

Bloody stools

Which health problem is least likely to be linked to the development of osteoporosis?

Bone injuries from sports in youth

The nurse reviews information about osteoarthritis (OA) before planning care for a patient. Which change in the integrity of the bone is responsible for the pain, stiffness, and swelling associated with OA?

Bone spurs

Which classic finding should a nurse look for when assessing a patient who has Lyme disease?

Bull's-eye rash

Which substance should the nurse identify as being responsible for the formation of the majority of renal calculi?

Calcium

The nurse assessing an​ HIV-positive client finds a white covering on the tongue and buccal area of the mouth. Which infection should the nurse​ suspect?

Candidiasis

The nurse is caring for a patient who has been receiving antibiotics over an extended period of time. The nurse should assess for which fungal infection?

Candidiasis

The nurse is caring for immunosuppressed patients that have intravenous lines, chest ports, and Foley catheters. The nurse should monitor for which skin infection?

Candidiasis

The nurse is discussing an infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus that may spread to other parts of the body but not to other individuals. Which infection is the nurse discussing?

Cellulitis

Which condition becomes an immediate concern when a gallstone becomes impacted in the bile duct and causes inflammation?

Cholangitis

A patient reports right upper quadrant pain after eating, and increased incidences of flatulence, belching, and regurgitation. Which medical condition should the nurse suspect?

Cholecystitis

Which substance comprises the formation of up to 80% of the gallstones that are formed in the gallbladder?

Cholesterol

A nurse is teaching a class on metabolic bone diseases. Which factor should the nurse include as increasing the risk for osteopenia?

Chronic eating disorders

Which disease process should alert the nurse to monitor calcium levels in a patient?

Chronic kidney disease

A patient is found to have portal hypertension. Which underlying condition most likely contributed to the development of this health problem?

Cirrhosis

A patient with a fractured pelvis and femur is experiencing pain and swelling inconsistent with assessment and x-ray findings. For which medical emergency should the nurse quickly assess the patient?

Compartment syndrome

Which reason explains polydipsia in the development of diabetes?

Compensatory mechanism in response to dehydration and fluid volume depletion

Which type of fracture may be treated with closed reduction?

Complete

A patient with a seizure disorder is alert in bed, displaying repetitive behaviors without any awareness, and smacking the lips repeatedly. Which type of seizures should the nurse suspect in the patient?

Complex partial

The nurse is assessing laboratory data of a patient with suspected cholelithiasis. Which value should the nurse expect will be elevated?

Conjugated bilirubin

The nurse is assessing a patient with a burn injury that limits joint mobility. Which kind of scar tissue is the nurse assessing?

Contracture

A patient is diagnosed with psoriasis. Which statement describes the appropriate recommended treatment regimen for this patient?

Corticosteroid treatment that is gradually tapered after symptoms improve

A patient reports muscle weakness, abdominal discomfort, and constipation for the past few weeks. The nurse suspects that the patient may have an increased calcium level. Which condition in the patient's health history should the nurse question that is specifically related to hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism?

Current manifestations of increased urination, thirst, and changes in memory or thinking

An older patient reports loss of appetite, confusion, lethargy, and painful urination. Which disorder should the nurse suspect in this patient?

Cystitis

An older adult patient reports urine incontinence. Which age-related change is most likely the cause of it?

Decreased sensation

Which information should the nurse include when teaching a patient about the risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

Decreasing caloric intake and increasing physical exercise may decrease the risk of T2DM.

The nurse is discussing factors commonly associated with wound dehiscence. Which factor should the nurse​ include? (Select all that​ apply.)

Dehydration Diabetes mellitus Infection ​High-dose corticosteroids

A patient with symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) is prescribed an MRI with gadolinium contrast. Which finding should the nurse expect?

Demyelination or plaque

In Cushing syndrome, the amount of ACTH released from the pituitary gland is decreased. Which event is not a part of the process that decreases the amount of ACTH released from the pituitary gland?

Development of inflammation

A patient is diagnosed with onychomycosis. Which condition in the patient's medical history predisposes them for onychomycosis?

Diabetes mellitus

Which risk factor should the nurse know is related to the development of pyelonephritis?

Diabetes mellitus

Which instruction should the nurse provide a client about the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus​ (DM)?

Diabetes mellitus eventually leads to increased free fatty acid production.

An older patient experiences a broken hip. Which risk factor should the nurse suspect as contributing to fracture?

Diagnosis of osteoporosis

Which factor is associated with primary hypothyroidism?

Dietary iodine deficiency

The nurse is caring for a patient with ascites. Which treatment should the nurse anticipate for this patient?

Diuretics and reduced-sodium diet

Which early symptoms should the nurse expect to assess in a patient with a fat embolism?

Dyspnea and tachypnea

The nurse is discussing the lifecycle of lice. Which term should the nurse use to describe a nit?

Egg

Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in a patient diagnosed with hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS)?

Electrolyte imbalances

A patient with newly diagnosed cirrhosis of the liver vomits bright red blood. Which should the nurse suspect is causing this patient's bleeding?

Esophageal varices

Which secondary disease process should the nurse identify as being associated with portal hypertension?

Esophageal varices

A patient wants to know the risk factors for developing thyroid cancer. Which should the nurse include?

Exposure to ionizing radiation

A patient asks the nurse if receiving the shingles vaccine is necessary. Which factor should the nurse identify as being the greatest risk for this patient to develop shingles?

Exposure to varicella virus

A patient has candidiasis. Which factor should the nurse know may be a cause of this condition?

Extensive antibiotic use

A patient with a complete fracture is scheduled for a closed reduction. Which information should the nurse include to explain this treatment approach?

External repositioning of the fracture

The nurse is assessing a patient with a thyroid disorder. Which body areas are the priority for the nurse to inspect?

Eyes, neck

Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect in a patient with stage 3 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?

Fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia

A patient with a fractured pelvis begins experiencing shortness of breath. Which complication should the nurse suspect this patient is experiencing?

Fat embolism

The nurse is caring for a client with diabetes mellitus​ (DM). Which clinical manifestation might be related to the effects of​ polyuria? (Select all that​ apply.)

Fatigue Hypotension Glucosuria

An 18-month-old toddler who experienced a seizure at home is treated for a severe respiratory infection and is started on antibiotic therapy. Which type of seizure should the nurse suspect that the toddle experienced?

Febrile

After assessing an infant diagnosed with candidiasis from a severe diaper​ rash, the nurse suspects the development of a systemic infection. Which finding supports this​ suspicion?

Fever

A patient has contact dermatitis. Which action should the nurse know is essential in determining treatment?

Finding and avoiding the cause

The nurse should expect which diagnostic test to be ordered to confirm a diagnosis of gallbladder cancer?

Fine-needle aspiration

Which symptoms are associated with the atrophy of gray matter of the brain?

Forgetfulness, impaired judgment

Which physiological processes occur by hemostasis during the inflammatory stage of wound healing?

Formation of a platelet plug and generation of a fibrin-based clot

Which intervention should the nurse identify as being the single most effective way of preventing pressure injuries due to immobility and incontinence?

Frequent repositioning

A patient with melanoma asks how the health problem developed. Which primary risk factor should the nurse identify when explaining melanoma to this patient?

Frequent sunburn as a child

A patient has obesity, poor hygiene, and intact skin. Which infectious skin condition should the nurse know this patient is at risk of developing?

Furuncles

Which laboratory value should the nurse know helps determine the presence of biliary duct disorders or obstructions?

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)

The nurse is monitoring a patient with necrotizing fasciitis for a complication causing necrosis of the skin. The nurse is monitoring for which condition?

Gangrene

A patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) is shaking and diaphoretic and has a blood glucose level of 42 mg/dL. Which step should the nurse take first?

Give the patient a glass of orange juice and then recheck the blood glucose.

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Cushing syndrome. Which assessment finding is the nurse likely to see in this​ client? (Select all that​ apply.)

Glucose intolerance Opportunistic infections Hypertension Osteoporosis

The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing polyuria and unexplained weight loss. Which diagnostic test result indicates to the nurse that the patient has diabetes mellitus (DM)?

Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) of 7.2%

Which condition should the nurse include when teaching about hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease

Which is the most common cause of​ hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease

A patient is diagnosed with hepatitis B. For which comorbid condition should the nurse expect this patient to be tested?

HIV

A patient takes levodopa for Parkinson disease (PD). Which adverse events are related to this medication?

Hallucinations and orthostatic hypotension

The nurse is assessing a patient with nephritic syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?

Hematuria

A patient has a 12-cm liver tumor. Which method of treatment should the nurse expect the patient to undergo?

Hepatic resection

Which chronic liver disorder should the nurse know causes 23% of liver cancer cases worldwide by damaging the cells and the deoxyribonucleic acid?

Hepatitis B

A patient with ascites is at risk for which systemic complication?

Hepatorenal failure

The nurse administers an antiviral medication to a patient with a skin disorder. Which skin disorder is this medication used to treat?

Herpes simplex 2

A client with genital warts asks what causes this disease. Which cause should the nurse explain to this​ client?

Human papillomavirus

A patient diagnosed with renal calculi is trying to pass the stone. Which intervention should the nurse expect to first initiate for this patient?

Hydrate the patient.

The nurse is interviewing a patient and determining the risk of chronic pancreatitis. Which condition in the family history genetically predisposes a patient to chronic pancreatitis?

Hyerlipidemia

The nurse caring for a client diagnosed with adrenal insufficiency notes that the client has been having cardiac dysrhythmias. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the​ client?

Hyperkalemia

The nurse is assessing a patient who has diabetic nephropathy. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?

Hypertension

Which is a local factor that may impede the wound healing process?

Hypoxia

Complementary therapies such as tea tree oil, Echinacea, pomegranate, and garlic are time-honored treatments for candidiasis. Which condition should the nurse understand may occur if these treatments are used for an extended period of time?

Immune system depression

The nurse is discussing a skin disorder of the​ non-bullous form which is the most common skin condition in children. Which skin disorder is the nurse​ discussing?

Impetigo

An adolescent woman sustained a comminuted fracture during a sleepover at a friend's house. For which risk factor should the nurse assess the patient's weight and body mass index?

Inadequate nutrition

Which recommendation should the nurse make to a client to reduce the risk of developing​ osteoporosis? (Select all that​ apply.)

Increase vitamin D intake Stop smoking Engage in walking and​ weight-bearing exercise Increase calcium intake

The nurse suspects that a patient with liver failure is deteriorating. Which assessment finding causes the nurse to make this clinical determination?

Increased abdominal girth

Which intervention should the nurse emphasize for preventing bone loss in a client with​ osteoporosis?

Increase​ weight-bearing activities.

The nurse prepares to assess a patient with an early stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which symptom should the nurse expect to find in this patient?

Increasing difficulty buttoning clothes and tying shoes

A client with type 1 diabetes mellitus​ (T1DM) is experiencing​ nausea, vomiting,​ fatigue, and abdominal pain. Which risk factor should the nurse most likely associate with this​ client?

Infection

An adult client who works in manufacturing with repetitive movement of the hands throughout the day experiences numbness and tingling in the thumbs and index fingers. For which cause should the nurse assess the​ client?

Inflammation of the median nerves

A patient calls the nurse to report severe bruising around the fingers, which were splinted after a fracture 2 days ago. The nurse should explain that this is a result of which stage of indirect bone healing?

Inflammatory

Which condition accurately describes the process that occurs after ingestion of carbohydrates in a healthy adult patient?

Insulin levels rise to stimulate glucose uptake.

The nurse observes a patient waiting to be seen in the community clinic. Which observation indicates the patient is experiencing symptoms of Huntington disease (HD)?

Involuntary movements

The nurse is preparing an​ in-service about Graves disease. Which clinical manifestation should be included in the​ presentation? (Select all that​ apply.)

Irritability Weight loss Blurred vision Tachycardia

Which statement is accurate for the pathophysiological changes that occur in the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Ketone bodies are produced through the breakdown of lipids into energy. Ketones in the bloodstream cause metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalances.

After completing a health history, the nurse suspects that a patient is at risk for developing hypertensive nephropathy. Which disorder did the nurse find in the patient's history?

Kidney stones with chronic glomerulonephritis

A patient is diagnosed with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Which manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in the patient?

Knee popping at the time of injury

Which is the most common clinical manifestation in a client with​ osteoporosis?

Loss of height

Which result of aging is a risk factor for impaired wound healing and pressure-related injuries?

Loss of muscle mass

Which type of diet should the nurse suggest to a patient to prevent biliary tract alterations?

Low-fat, low-cholesterol diet

A patient is demonstrating signs of multiple sclerosis (MS). For which diagnostic test should the nurse prepare this patient?

MRI with gadolinium contrast

A patient is diagnosed with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The nurse should assess this patient for which additional health problem?

Metabolic syndrome

Which medical condition should the nurse know poses increased risks when the liver is aggravated by an excessively high caloric intake that leads to fat deposits?

Metabolic syndrome

The nurse is caring for a patient with a new onset of diabetic nephropathy. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect the patient to exhibit?

Microalbuminuria

Which clinical manifestation is the first sign of diabetic nephropathy?

Microalbuminuria

A patient with a family history of Huntington disease (HD) has monthly health screenings to monitor previously detected brain changes. Which finding should the nurse expect on the brain scan report for this patient?

Microscopic changes will develop into striatal atrophy.

A middle-aged woman experiences urinary incontinence, occasional vertigo, and new-onset visual disturbances. Which health problem should the nurse suspect is occurring with this patient?

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

The nurse finds severely decreased thyroid hormone levels in a patient experiencing emergent signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Myxedema

A patient with a spondyloarthropathies asks how the health problem is treated. Which treatments should the nurse respond as being used for this health problem?

NSAIDs and stretching exercises

The nurse plans to assess a patient diagnosed with paronychia. Which part of the body should the nurse assess?

Nail folds

The nurse suspects that a patient with a history of alcoholism is experiencing mild alcoholic liver disease. Which findings cause the nurse to make this clinical determination?

Nausea, vomiting, weight loss

A patient has a life-threatening inflammatory disorder caused by a rapidly spreading infection with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Necrotizing fasciitis

A patient asks the nurse what complications occur when hypertension is untreated. Which complication should the nurse include in the response?

Nephropathy

The nurse is caring for a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which statement should the nurse use to describe this disorder to the patient?

Nerve entrapment

The nurse is assessing a pregnant patient. Which system should the nurse suspect to be affected by maternal and fetal hypothyroidism?

Nervous system

The nurse asks a colleague, "Which chemical mediator is responsible for killing bacteria and other pathogens during the wound healing process?" Which response should the colleague give?

Neutrophils

Which medication would the nurse expect to be prescribed for a patient with impingement syndrome in the shoulder?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

A patient is diagnosed with a herniated disc. Which treatment should the nurse suspect will be started first?

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

The nurse is caring for a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess?

Numbness and tingling

The nurse is evaluating a patient with diabetes and hypertension for the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. For which other health problem should the nurse assess the patient?

Obesity

The nurse is teaching a class about factors that increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy. Which factor should the nurse include?

Obesity

A nurse is participating in a community health education program about osteoarthritis (OA). Which variable should the nurse emphasize is the greatest risk factor for developing this health problem?

Older age

The nurse is discussing a common fungal infection for which a patient with a history of diabetes mellitus is more susceptible. Which infection is the nurse discussing?

Onychomycosis

An adult client has an obvious broken bone that is protruding through the skin. Which type of fracture should the nurse report during handoff communication to the oncoming​ shift?

Open

The nurse is caring for a patient with a benign bone tumor. Which type of tumor should the nurse expect to be documented in the patient's medical record?

Osteochondroma

A patient who experienced an open fracture 10 days ago is reporting bone pain, fever, chills, and generalized malaise. Which disorder should the nurse suspect this patient is experiencing?

Osteomyelitis

A patient with back pain is identified as being at risk for a herniated or ruptured disc. Which risk factor should the nurse instruct the patient to modify to reduce the risk for this health problem?

Overweight

The nurse is caring for a patient with hyperparathyroidism. Which lab values should the nurse expect to be elevated?

PTH and calcium

A patient with a fractured tibia is screaming in pain even after pain medication has been administered. Which finding should cause the nurse to suspect that the patient has compartment syndrome?

Pain and swelling disproportionate to x-ray finding

The nurse is caring for a patient who was injured while riding a bike. Which symptom should the nurse expect to assess if the patient has a fracture?

Pain at the site of injury

A patient with pancreatic cancer is scheduled to meet with the general surgeon. Which procedure does the nurse anticipate scheduling for this patient?

Pancreatectomy

The nurse is reviewing the medical record of a patient with a pancreatectomy. Which condtion should the nurse expect to find in the medical history?

Pancreatic cancer

The nurse should recognize that which substance is most likely responsible for an abscess that formed as the result of corrosive action related to a pancreatic cyst?

Pancreatic enzymes

Which condition should the nurse suspect in a patient who has abdominal pain from a common bile duct obstruction?

Pancreatitis

A patient with recent neurologic changes is suspected of having a decreased level of dopamine in the brain. Which disease should the nurse suspect?

Parkinson disease (PD)

An older client with a history of working on a grain farm is experiencing tremors to the hands and lips. Which health problem should the nurse suspect in this​ client?

Parkinson disease​ (PD)

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with candidiasis in the nail folds. Which term should the nurse use to document this condition?

Paronychia

Which should the nurse identify as the basis of classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC)?

Pathology

Which reason describes the increase in the incidence of shingles in the United States and around the world?

People are living longer, and those over 40 who have been exposed to varicella are at the greatest risk.

The lab results for a patient indicate very high levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Which adrenal gland health problem does the nurse suspect these findings to be indicative of?

Pheochromocytoma

The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed psoriasis. The nurse should expect to prepare the client for which collaborative​ intervention?

Phototherapy

A patient with diabetes mellitus who is recovering from bronchitis experiences nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Which action should be the primary nursing intervention?

Placing telemetry leads for cardiac monitoring

A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) undergoes a pulmonary function test, which reveals a decrease in vital capacity to 50% of the predicted value during the test. Which health problem is this patient at risk for developing?

Pneumonia

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a patient with cirrhosis. For which reason should the nurse include the monitoring of vital signs to this plan of care?

Portal hypertension

A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is experiencing dysphagia. Which problem should the nurse identify as the most appropriate for this patient?

Possible aspiration

In which state is the primary focus of metabolism on fueling the brain and nervous system with glucose?

Postabsorptive

A 32-year-old woman is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which finding should the nurse expect to see documented in the patient's medical record?

Presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4

A patient diagnosed with cellulitis has a painful, red, swollen area in the right lower extremity. What is the main treatment goal for this condition?

Preventing the spread of infection

The nurse is assessing a patient who has abdominal pain, generalized weakness, peripheral neuropathy, osteopenia, and hypercalcemia. Which disease process should the nurse suspect in the patient?

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Which statement describes the initial symptoms of a herpes simplex 2 outbreak?

Prodrome of fever or flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, appearance of painful vesicles

The nurse is discussing the stage of wound healing that involves tissue repair. Which phase is the nurse discussing?

Proliferation

The nurse is discussing the phase of the wound healing process when reepithelization occurs. Which phase is the nurse​ describing?

Proliferative

While teaching a patient about hyperparathyroidism, which risk factor should the nurse include?

Prolonged vitamin D deficiency

A nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with Graves disease. Which information should the nurse include?

Propylthiouracil decreases the production of the thyroid hormone.

The nurse is caring for a patient being evaluated for bladder cancer. Which laboratory result is inconsistent with bladder cancer?

Proteinuria

The nurse is assessing a patient and finds inflammation in the beard area. Which noninfectious skin disorder should the nurse suspect?

Pseudofolliculitis

The nurse assessing a​ client's skin observes circular plaques with silvery scales. Which skin disorder should the nurse suspect in this​ client?

Psoriasis

A patient has pain, fever, and costovertebral angle tenderness. Which diagnosis should the nurse expect based on these symptoms?

Pyelonephritis

A patient has bladder cancer that has invaded the muscle. Which treatment should the nurse expect for the patient?

Radical cystectomy with urinary diversion or partial cystectomy

The nurse is caring for aclient with acute bursitis. Which should be the first goal of treatment for this​ client?

Reduce pain and inflammation

The nurse is discussing what occurs during the proliferation stage of wound healing. Which process should the nurse include?

Reepithelialization

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism who has not responded to medication and lifestyle interventions. Which surgery should the nurse anticipate may be necessary?

Removal of the parathyroid glands

Which purpose do lysosomal enzymes secreted by neutrophils in the inflammatory phase of wound healing serve?

Remove bacteria, necrotic tissue, and foreign bodies

A patient has dull and achy flank pain, bright red blood in the urine, a palpable abdominal mass, and weight loss. Which disorder should the nurse associate with these clinical manifestations?

Renal cell cancer

A patient with osteoarthritis (OA) is experiencing swelling in the affected joints and difficulty moving the limbs. Which risk factor should the nurse explain to the patient that contributes to the development of this health problem?

Repeated use of weight-bearing joints

A patient is diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which statement explains the etiology of this disorder?

Repetitive motion injury

The nurse is caring for a patient with ankylosing spondylosis. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

Report of low back pain radiating to the hips and down the legs

The nurse is caring for a client with a fractured pelvis sustained in a motor vehicle crash. For which clinical manifestation should the nurse assess the client to determine if a fat embolism has​ occurred? (Select all that​ apply.)

Respiratory distress Fever Confusion Petechial rash

A female patient experiences joint swelling that is warm to the touch, stiffness, and pain on both sides of the body. For which autoimmune disorder should the nurse expect laboratory tests to be prescribed for this patient?

Rheumatoid arthritis

A patient is experiencing joint swelling and inflammation in both wrists and knees. Which disease should the nurse suspect is causing the patient's symptoms?

Rheumatoid arthritis

The nurse palpates boggy, spongelike areas over a patient's both wrists. Which condition should the nurse suspect in the patient?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A client is experiencing joints boggy to palpation and​ Swan-neck deformity of the hands. For which disorder should the nurse plan care for this​ client?

Rheumatoid arthritis​ (RA)

Which sign is a characteristic of generalized​ tonic-clonic seizure?​ (Select all that​ apply.)

Rigid contraction of muscles Sudden loss of consciousness

Which location should the nurse examine first when assessing a patient for jaundice?

Sclera of the eye

A parent is concerned because the school nurse had her child bend forward during a health screening and recommended a follow-up with their healthcare provider. Which condition should the nurse suspect was being screened?

Scoliosis

Which type of fracture commonly requires direct healing procedures?

Segmental

The nurse notes that the abdominal girth of a patient with ascites has increased by 1 inch over the last week. Which assessment finding should the nurse suspect is being caused by this change in girth?

Shortness of breath

An older adult patient is diagnosed with stage 3 Parkinson disease (PD). Which symptom should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

Slowing of body movements and early impairment of equilibrium on walking or standing

The nurse is planning to teach a class about systemic factors that impede wound healing. Which factor should the nurse include?

Smoking

Which finding in the patient's history should the nurse know is a risk factor for bladder cancer?

Smoking

Which activities increase the risk of an exacerbation of psoriasis?

Smoking, obesity, or alcohol

A client reports having a plantar wart. Which area of the body should the nurse ask the client to uncover for​ assessment?

Sole of the foot

A middle-aged patient experiences numbness and weakness in the right leg with bouts of radiating pain that is relieved when the back is flexed. For which disorder should the nurse assess this patient?

Spinal stenosis

A school-aged child reports falling and feeling pain when the left upper arm was twisted during football practice. Which type of fracture should the nurse suspect this patient experienced?

Spiral

A client with a​ swollen, painful ankle reports hearing a pop as the ankle turned during a misstep from a curb. For which type of injury should the nurse plan care for this​ client?

Sprain

A client with diabetes is diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the foot. Which organism should the nurse suspect as the most likely cause of this​ infection?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which condition should the nurse know results from the lack of bile to digest fats in the duodenum?

Steatorrhea

The nurse is reviewing the list of medications that an older adult patient with a wound has been taking in high doses for a prolonged period of time. Which medication should concern the nurse?

Steroidal agent

The nurse is planning care for a client diagnosed with​ Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Which intervention should the nurse expect to perform first​?

Stopping all nonessential medications

The nurse should understand that which is a primary function of the liver?

Storage of vitamins

A patient presents with acute flank pain and is diagnosed with renal calculi. The nurse should understand that which condition led to the development of stones?

Supersaturation

A melanoma is identified early on a patient's shoulder. Which is the appropriate initial intervention for this skin problem?

Surgical excision

A patient with basal cell carcinoma asks which is the most effective, long-term treatment for the condition. Which response should the nurse make to the patient?

Surgical excision of the lesion

The nurse is caring for a patient with a mucinous pancreatic cyst. Which treatment should the nurse expect to be recommended to the patient?

Surgical removal

A child is experiencing inflammation of two joints, a skin rash, a fever lasting 3 weeks, and enlarged lymph nodes. For which disorder should the nurse assess this patient?

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis

The nurse prepares to assess a patient with suspected diabetes mellitus (DM). Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

Tachycardia

A patient has a contaminated wound that was cleansed and left open for several days for drainage of exudate and observation for infection. The nurse should recognize this as which type of wound healing?

Tertiary intention

A wound is cleansed and left open for several days to drain exudate and ensure no infection is present. The nurse should identify this approach as which type of wound​ healing?

Tertiary intention

A client had surgery to remove a parathyroid adenoma. Which condition should the nurse be vigilant​ for?

Tetany caused by hypocalcemia

Which is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on squamous cell carcinoma?

The more exposure to UV radiation, the higher the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.

The nurse assists a patient having a tonic-clonic seizure. Which symptoms should the nurse expect to observe in the postictal period?

The patient is sleepy but can be aroused, and breathing is quiet and relaxed.

The nurse is reviewing patient charts in preparation for today's clinic. The nurse should identify that which patient is most at risk for acute pancreatitis?

The patient who is a heavy drinker

The nurse is assessing patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the clinic. Which patient should the nurse see first?

The patient who is sweaty, difficult to arouse, and disoriented to location

A patient with a history of alcoholism has paresthesia of the feet, toes, and legs. Which treatment should the nurse expect will be ordered by the healthcare provider?

Thiamine supplements

Which age-related change should the nurse understand accounts for the highest incidence of pressure-related injuries?

Thinning of the skin

Which should the nurse consider for a client experiencing status​ epilepticus? (Select all that​ apply.)

This is a seizure that continues for longer than 5 minutes. The seizures are unlikely to cease without intervention. This is recurrent seizure activity over a period of 30 minutes.

A patient has hoarseness, cervical lymphadenopathy, and a fixed nodule on the thyroid. Which disease should the nurse suspect in the patient?

Thyroid cancer

Which form of tinea infection should the nurse know is most commonly referred to as "jock itch"?

Tinea cruris

The nurse assessing an athlete finds​ soft, white skin on the feet that is peeling​ away, especially between the toes. Which medical condition should the nurse​ suspect?

Tinea pedis

Which condition should the nurse know is the only form of tinea that is not contagious?

Tinea versicolor

A patient who takes valproic acid seeks medical attention for ongoing seizures that cause a loss of consciousness and muscular activity. Which type of seizure should the nurse suspect this patient is experiencing?

Tonic-clonic

The nurse is caring for a pediatric patient with atopic dermatitis. Which preferred first-line treatment should the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?

Topical anti-inflammatory medication

The nurse is caring for a patient who is newly diagnosed with papillary cancer. Which initial treatment of cancer does the nurse anticipate for this patient?

Total thyroidectomy

An older adult patient is diagnosed with stage 1 Parkinson disease (PD). Which symptom should the nurse expect to assess in this patient?

Tremor of one hand

The nurse plans to examine a patient diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism for latent tetany. Which should the nurse use?

Trousseau sign

The nurse is presenting information on the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) at a community health education program. Which statement should the nurse recognize as being incorrect about diabetes mellitus (DM)?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more common in Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Caucasian Americans than in other ethnic groups.

A 7-year-old girl has a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which fact should the nurse know about this situation?

UTIs in children are more common in females.

A patient tells the nurse, "I just started having pain with urination, urgency, and frequency." Which test should the nurse request be ordered by the healthcare provider?

Urinalysis

A nurse is not concerned about a patient's skin condition because the condition usually goes away on its own without any testing or treatment. Which condition is being described?

Urticaria

The nurse is assessing a patient who is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which assessment is not related to hyperthyroidism?

Use of insulin for drug therapy

A patient with a toothache of 3 weeks' duration has severely increased liver enzymes and acute liver failure is diagnosed. Which contributing factor should the nurse identify as the most likely cause of the patient's illness?

Use of large amounts of acetaminophen for pain

Which health information does the nurse expect to find in the medical history of a female patient diagnosed with cholelithiasis?

Use of oral contraceptives

For which reason are outbreaks of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) more easily controlled than outbreaks of other types of hepatitis?

Vaccines against HAV and HBV are available.

The nurse assesses a patient who was bitten on their leg by a dog and suspects cellulitis. Which findings support the nurse's suspicion?

Vesicles, bullae, and other areas that are tender and hot to touch

Which condition is the most common cause of chronic pyelonephritis in children?

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) coupled with infected urine

The nurse is caring for a patient with Graves disease who is experiencing exophthalmos. Which potential problem is a priority for the nurse to address?

Visual perception

Which vitamin deficiency may put a patient with fat malabsorption at risk for poor wound healing?

Vitamin E

Which vitamin deficiency should the nurse suspect to be present in clients with fat​ malabsorption?

Vitamin E

The nurse prepares teaching for a client with osteoarthritis​ (OA). Which factor should the nurse emphasize that can exacerbate the​ condition? (Select all that​ apply.)

Weight gain Jogging 4 times a week Joint injury

Which clinical manifestation suggests hyperthyroidism?

Weight loss with increased appetite

The nurse is caring for a patient with osteomyelitis. Which laboratory value should the nurse expect to be increased?

White blood cell count

Which patient is most at risk for pyelonephritis?

Woman with neurogenic bladder and diabetes

The nurse is preparing a presentation about Hashimoto disease. Which demographic should be included as having a higher incidence rate?

Women

The nurse is preparing teaching on gender differences in alcoholic liver disease. Which information should the nurse include?

Women are more susceptible to liver damage from alcohol.

Urbanization and a Westernized lifestyle have been established as risks for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus​ (T2DM). Which statement explains this​ occurrence? (Select all that​ apply.)

​"A sedentary lifestyle leads to central​ obesity." ​"A high-calorie diet leads to the increase of adipose tissue and free fatty​ acids."

The nurse is instructing a client recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus​ (T1DM) and decreased insulin production. Which explanation should the nurse use to help the client understand when insulin may be​ needed?

​"After eating​ carbohydrates, insulin levels should rise to stimulate the​ body's use of glucose in tissue​ building."

The nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus​ (T1DM). Which client statement requires​ follow-up?

​"As long as my blood sugar is under​ control, I do not need to follow up with my eye​ doctor."

The nurse is teaching a client how corticosteroids affect wound healing. Which statement should the nurse​ include?

​"Corticosteroids promote the breakdown of​ carbohydrates, fats, and​ proteins."

The nurse prepares to care for a client with diabetes mellitus. Which statement should the nurse make to describe this disease process to the​ client?

​"Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by the inability to effectively metabolize​ carbohydrates, proteins, and​ fats."

Which question should the nurse use to assess a​ client's risk factors for​ osteoporosis?

​"How long have you been taking corticosteroid​ medications?"

The nurse teaches a class about the factors that may impede wound healing. Which participant statement suggests that effective learning has taken​ place?

​"Hypoxia can significantly delay or even stop wound​ healing."

The nurse is teaching a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus​ (T1DM) about the signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis​ (DKA). Which client statement indicates to the nurse that the teaching has been​ effective?

​"Increased thirst may indicate that I need to check my blood​ glucose."

A child is being treated for a greenstick fracture. Which statement should the nurse make when explaining this fracture to the​ child's parent?

​"The bone broke on one side but remains solid on the other​ side."

The nurse is caring for an adolescent with an osteoblastoma. Which statement should the nurse include when teaching the client about this​ tumor?

​"The tumor grows from​ cartilage, bone, and fibrous​ tissue."

A client wants to know which disease is prevented by the varicella zoster vaccine. Which response should the nurse make to the​ client?

​"The varicella zoster vaccine vaccinates against chickenpox and​ shingles."

Which client is at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus​ (T2DM)? (Select all that​ apply.)

​23-year-old Pima Indian living in the Southwest United States ​45-year-old client whose parents have been diagnosed with​ T2DM, but who tries to follow a healthy diet ​42-year-old Mexican American who is slightly overweight and lives a Westernized lifestyle ​33-year-old client whose mother had gestational diabetes and was a​ high-birth-weight infant

Which client is at the greatest risk for multiple sclerosis​ (MS)? (Select all that apply.​)

​29-year-old woman with an identical twin diagnosed with MS ​34-year-old man living in an area with a high incidence of MS ​38-year-old client of European decent

The nurse is conducting bone health assessments at a community health fair. Which adult client should the nurse identify as having the highest risk for a bone​ fracture?

​72-year-old with osteoporosis

A child with a history of exposure to the​ Epstein-Barr virus has​ flu-like symptoms and a​ symmetric, burning rash on the face and upper torso. Which​ life-threatening inflammatory disorder should the​ suspect?

​Stevens-Johnson syndrome