Final Practice

The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column. A. anterior B. posterior C. superior D. inferior E. medial

A. anterior

This system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. A. digestive B. urinary C. reproductive D. circulatory E. lymphatic

A. digestive

41. A fatty membrane that hangs like an apron from the inferolateral margin of the stomach and overlies the small intestine is the A. greater omentum. B. mesentery. C. mesocolon. D. lesser omentum. E. mediastinum.

A. greater omentum.

The thoracic cavity is divided into right, left, and medial portions by a region called the A. mediastinum. B. diaphragm. C. serous membrane. D. meninges. E. peritoneum.

A. mediastinum.

38. The abdominopelvic cavity contains a moist serous membrane called the A. peritoneum. B. pleura. C. pericardium. D. mediastinum. E. meninges.

A. peritoneum.

The right shoulder is ______ and __________ to the umbilical region. A. superior; lateral B. superior; medial C. inferior; lateral D. inferior; medial E. posterior; lateral

A. superior; lateral

The thyroid gland is _____ to the trachea and _____ to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. A. superior; lateral B. superior; medial C. superficial; inferior D. deep; superior E. proximal; distal

A. superior; lateral

The _______ cavity contains the lungs, which are enfolded in the _____. A. thoracic; pleurae B. thoracic; pericardium C. thoracic; peritoneum D. abdominopelvic; peritoneum E. abdominopelvic; pleurae

A. thoracic; pleurae

This system regulates blood volume and pressure, stimulates red blood cell formation, and controls fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. A. urinary system B. reproductive system C. digestive system D. muscular system E. circulatory system

A. urinary system

The "ABCD rule" for recognizing early signs of malignant melanoma refers to which of the following characteristics of the lesion? Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter Asymmetry, brightness, color, and diameter Aspect, brightness, color, and distance Aspect, border irregularity, color, and distance Area, border irregularity, color, and density

Asymmetry, border irregularity, color, and diameter

23. In the cat, the head is _________ to the tail, whereas in the human the head is ________ to the gluteal region (buttock). A. superior; superior B. anterior; superior C. posterior; dorsal D. ventral; distal E. anterior; posterior

B. anterior; superior

The _____ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the _____ region of the same limb. A. carpal; manual B. femoral; crural C. antebrachial; brachial D. tarsal; crural E. brachial; femoral

B. femoral; crural

The image of a typical chest X-ray shows a _____ view of the thoracic region. A. sagittal B. frontal C. transverse D. oblique E. lateral

B. frontal

The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the _____ plane. A. sagittal B. frontal C. median D. transverse E. oblique

B. frontal

A continuation of the peritoneum that binds the small intestine and suspends it from the abdominal wall is the A. greater omentum. B. mesentery. C. mesocolon. D. lesser omentum. E. mediastinum.

B. mesentery.

The ________ is an organ directly associated with both the _____ systems. A. stomach; digestive and reproductive B. pancreas; digestive and endocrine C. small intestine; digestive and integumentary D. testis; male reproductive and urinary E. ovary; female reproductive and lymphatic

B. pancreas; digestive and endocrine

The kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, and inferior vena cava are all located A. within the peritoneal cavity. B. retroperitoneally. C. inside the visceral peritoneum. D. within the pelvic cavity. E. within the thoracic cavity.

B. retroperitoneally. ( behind the peritoneum, which is the serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity)

This system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation. A. circulatory system B. skeletal system C. excretory system D. muscular system E. endocrine system

B. skeletal system

The heart is in the _____ cavity and is covered by the _____. A. thoracic; pleura B. thoracic; pericardium C. pericardial; pleura D. pericardial; peritoneum E. cranial; meninges

B. thoracic; pericardium

The trachea is _____ to the esophagus. A. superior B. dorsal C. anterior D. posterior E. inferior

C. anterior

44. These two systems control and coordinate the 50 trillion cells in a human. A. muscular and nervous systems B. circulatory and lymphatic systems C. endocrine and nervous systems D. circulatory and endocrine systems E. muscular and skeletal systems

C. endocrine and nervous systems

The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the _________ regions. A. epigastric B. inguinal C. hypochondriac D. hypogastric E. lateral abdominal

C. hypochondriac ( above and to the sides)

The urinary bladder is located in the __________ region. A. epigastric B. umbilical C. hypogastric D. inguinal E. hypochondriac

C. hypogastric

The stomach is located mainly in which quadrant of the abdomen? A. right upper quadrant (RUQ) B. right lower quadrant (RLQ) C. left upper quadrant (LUQ) D. left lower quadrant (LLQ) E. left middle quadrant (LMQ)

C. left upper quadrant (LUQ)

The thymus, spleen, and tonsils are principal organs of this system. A. endocrine system B. respiratory system C. lymphatic system D. circulatory system E. muscular system

C. lymphatic system

The interscapular region is ______ to the scapular region. A. anterior B. posterior C. medial D. lateral E. superior

C. medial

The _____ part of the small intestine is the part closest the stomach. A. dorsal B. ventral C. proximal D. distal E. medial

C. proximal

__________ is/are formed partly from the secretions of glands in the external ear canal. Sebum Cerumen Sweat Scents Mucus

Cerumen

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance? Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) Proteoglycans Chondroitin sulfate Hyaluronic acid Collagen

Collagen

In the appendicular region, the wrist is called the _____ region, and the ankle is called the ___________ region. A. manual; pedal B. brachial; crural C. crural; antebrachial D. carpal; tarsal E. metacarpal; metatarsal

D. carpal; tarsal

The visceral pericardium is ________ to the parietal pericardium. A. lateral B. medial C. superficial D. deep E. anterior

D. deep

42. This system provides protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and vitamin D production. A. lymphatic system B. muscular system C. skeletal system D. integumentary system E. excretory system

D. integumentary system

The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the _____, whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by _____. A. mesothelium; endothelium B. parietal pericardium; visceral pericardium C. visceral pleura; parietal pleura D. parietal pleura; visceral pleura E. visceral peritoneum; parietal peritoneum

D. parietal pleura; visceral pleura

32. The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by A. an endothelium. B. the mediastinum. C. meninges. D. serous membranes. E. mucous membranes.

D. serous membranes. (a mesothelial tissue that lines certain internal cavities of the body, forming a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane lubricated by a fluid derived from serum. The peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura are serous membranes.)

The backbone encloses the A. thoracic cavity. B. abdominal cavity. C. pelvic cavity. D. vertebral canal. E. cranial cavity.

D. vertebral canal.

The surface of the heart is formed by a membrane called the A. parietal peritoneum. B. visceral peritoneum. C. parietal pericardium. D. visceral pericardium. E. parietal pleura.

D. visceral pericardium.

The ______ wraps around stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. A. pleura B. pericardium C. meninges D. visceral peritoneum E. parietal peritoneum

D. visceral peritoneum

Which of the following cells stand guard against toxins, microbes, and other pathogens? Keratinocytes Melanocytes Adipocytes Dendritic cells Tactile cells

Dendritic cells

The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae. A. anterior B. superior C. cephalic D. posterior E. inferior

E. inferior

Which one of the following is NOT in the correct anatomical position? A. arms at sides B. standing erect C. face and eyes facing forward D. feet flat on the floor E. palms facing posteriorly

E. palms facing posteriorly

The system that exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen and helps in speech is the _____ system, whereas the system that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide is the ______ system. A. respiratory; urinary B. circulatory; digestive C. respiratory; digestive D. circulatory; urinary E. respiratory; circulatory

E. respiratory; circulatory

The most superior segment of the upper limb is called A. the digits. B. the manual region. C. the carpal region. D. the antebrachial region. E. the brachial region.

E. the brachial region.

The brain and the spinal cord are protected by A. a parietal layer. B. a visceral layer. C. mucous membranes. D. serous membranes. E. the meninges.

E. the meninges.

The __________ cavity is inferior to the _____________ cavity. A. cranial; thoracic B. thoracic; abdominopelvic C. pericardial; pleural D. thoracic; peritoneal E. thoracic; cranial

E. thoracic; cranial

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue? Reticular tissue Hyaline cartilage Dense regular connective tissue Dense irregular connective tissue Areolar tissue

Hyaline cartilage

Which of the following is not part of the skin? Epidermis Papillary layer Hypodermis Stratum basale Dermis

Hypodermis

Which cutaneous glands are concerned with cooling the body? Ceruminous glands Sebaceous glands Merocrine glands Apocrine glands Exothermic glands

Merocrine glands

__________ is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ is associated with resistance to abrasion. Simple columnar epithelium; urothelium Simple squamous epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium; pseudostratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium; simple squamous epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium; simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium; stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer of the epidermis consists of up to 30 layers of dead cells? Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum

Stratum corneum

Which two strata of the epidermis are most susceptible to cancer? Stratum corneum and stratum lucidum Stratum basale and stratum corneum Stratum spinosum and stratum basale Stratum granulosum and stratum spinosum Stratum lucidum and stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum and stratum basale

__________ burns involve the epidermis, all of the dermis, and often some deeper tissue. First-degree Second-degree Third-degree Partial-thickness Malignant

Third-degree

The appendix is typically found in the right lower quadrant.

True

The cranial cavity contains the brain.

True

The most lateral and superior region of the abdomen is called the hypochondriac region.

True

In anatomical position, the forearm is supinated.

True (rotation of hands outward)

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________. the lamina propria endothelium a synovial membrane a serous membrane (serosa) a mucous membrane (mucosa)

a mucous membrane (mucosa)

Looking at a slide of axillary skin under the microscope, you notice the presence of __________ glands that are absent on slides of the scalp. merocrine apocrine sebaceous ceruminous perspiration

apocrine

Mammary glands are modified __________ glands that develop within the female breasts. merocrine apocrine ceruminous sebaceous eccrine

apocrine

The __________ glands are a source of sex pheromones. ceruminous merocrine mammary sebaceous apocrine

apocrine

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________. epithelial; cartilage muscular; osseous tissue dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue areolar; cartilage nervous; osseous tissue

areolar; cartilage

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) __________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________. entire cell; organelle; tissue organelle; entire cell; part of a cell organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands. areolar simple acinar simple coiled tubular compound acinar compound tubuloacinar

compound acinar

The clear gel inside a cell is called __________. matrix ground substance interstitial fluid cytosol tissue fluid

cytosol

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by ________, whereas ________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue. a. osteocytes; chondroblastsThis answer is incorrect. b. chondroblasts; plasma cells c. adipocytes; plasma cells d. chondroblasts; fibroblasts e. mast cells; fibroblasts

d. chondroblasts; fibroblasts

Blood vessels in the __________ provide a hair with its sole source of nutrition. bulb root shaft dermal papilla medulla

dermal papilla

Fingerprints left on things we touch are associated with our __________. dermal papillae dermal connective tissue stratum basale subcutaneous tissue subcutaneous adipose

dermal papillae

Secretions from __________ glands contribute to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth on the skin. mammary ceruminous sebaceous apocrine sweat eccrine sweat

eccrine sweat

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________. dense regular connective tissue dense irregular connective tissue elastic cartilage fibrocartilage ligaments

elastic cartilage

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue. interstitial muscle adipose epithelial nervous

epithelial

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of __________. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue areolar and dense irregular connective tissue epithelium and lamina propria areolar tissue and lamina propria simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue

epithelium and lamina propria

The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________. epithelium; connective tissue epithelium; extracellular material epithelium; intracellular material extracellular material; intracellular material interstitial fluid; extracellular fluid

epithelium; connective tissue

Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells. True or False

false

Hair and nails are composed of collagen. True or False

false

Merocrine sweat glands are associated with hair follicles in the pubic and anal regions, axilla, areola, and beard. True or False

false

Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin. True or False

false

Plasma cells produce the ground substance that forms the matrix of connective tissues. True or False

false

The deeper of the two layers of the skin is the hypodermis. True or False

false

The duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface. True or False

false

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue. connective fibrous nervous epithelial muscular

fibrous

Skin covering the __________ has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous glands. forearm buttocks abdomen fingertips back

fingertips

The most immediate threat to the life of a patient with severe burns is __________. fluid loss eschar heat loss pain infection

fluid loss

Looking at a slide of thin skin under the microscope, you note that the stratum basale is the __________ layer of the epidermis in from the surface. second third first fifth fourth

fourth

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes. fibrous blood basal keratinized goblet

goblet

Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a __________. hair follicle vellum pilus bulb shaft

hair follicle

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including _________. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction

holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance

In which of the following skin layers would a subcutaneous injection be administered? Multiple Choice Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum corneum Dermis hypodermis

hypodermis

The least common, but most deadly, type of skin cancer is __________. basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma melanoma skin lymphoma skin sarcoma

melanoma

The skin is a barrier to all of the following except __________. metals such as mercury infectious organisms water UV rays

metals such as mercury

Mucin is secreted by __________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. _________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid. mucous; Serous eccrine; Holocrine apocrine; Mixed endocrine; Exocrine serous; Mucous

mucous; Serous

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________. fibroblasts chondrocytes neuroglia myocytes osteocytes

neuroglia

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area produce and secrete collagenous fibers phagocytize and digest tissue debris stimulate epithelial cells to multiply make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

All cells in __________ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia. pseudostratified columnar simple columnar stratified columnar stratified cuboidal stratified squamous

pseudostratified columnar

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium. stratified squamous stratified cuboidal simple cuboidal simple columnar pseudostratified columnar

simple columnar

What is this?

simple columnar

A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium, which can be found in the __________. pseudostratified; nasal cavity simple cuboidal; esophagus simple columnar; small intestine stratified squamous; anal canal stratified squamous; esophagus

simple columnar; small intestine

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion. simple columnar stratified columnar pseudostratified columnar simple cuboidal stratified cuboidal

simple cuboidal

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium. simple squamous simple cuboidal simple columnar keratinized stratified squamous nonkeratinized stratified squamous

simple squamous

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract

The ________ is a single layer of columnar or high cuboidal cells resting on a basement membrane.

statrum basale

The __________ is composed of up to 30 layers of cornified, dead cells.

stratum corneum

The ___________ is composed of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes containing dark staining keratohyalin granules.

stratum granulosum

The __________ is a translucent layer composed of 3-5 layers of keratinocytes without nuclei or organelles.

stratum lucidum

The __________ is absent from most epidermis. Multiple Choice stratum basale stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum

stratum lucidum

The _________ is composed of many layers of keratinocytes that are firmly attached to each other by desmosomes. This layer also contains dendritic cells.

stratum spinosum

Skeletal muscle is described as __________. striated and voluntary striated and involuntary nonstriated and voluntary nonstriated and involuntary fibrous and containing ground substance

striated and voluntary

Which of the following are associated with the sense of touch?Fibroblasts Melanocytes Keratinocytes Dendritic cells Tactile cells

tactile cells

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________. blood and hyaline cartilage blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin areolar tissue, tongue, and bones

tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin

In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them. the plasma membrane desmosomes tight junctions gap (communicating) junctions ground substance

tight junctions

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface. True or False

true

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs. True or False

true

In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix. True or False

true

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control. True or False

true

The acidity of sweat contributes to the acid mantle that inhibits bacterial growth in the skin. True or False

true

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid. True or False

true

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma. True or False

true

The youngest keratinocytes are found in the stratum basale. True or False

true

Found in the urinary bladder, __________ resembles __________, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened. urothelium; stratified squamous epithelium stratified squamous epithelium; pseudostratified epithelium stratified squamous epithelium; stratified columnar epithelium simple columnar epithelium; pseudostratified epithelium urothelium; simple cuboidal epithelium

urothelium; stratified squamous epithelium

Positive feedback helps to restore normal function when one of the body's physiological variables gets out of balance.

False

The appendicular region consists of the head, neck and trunk.

False

The cut of a guillotine is an example of a section done in the midsagittal plane.

False

The frontal plane passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left portions.

False

The heart occupies a space called the pericardial cavity between the parietal and visceral pericardium.

False

The liver is proximal to the diaphragm.

False

When the abdomen is divided into nine regions, the superior horizontal line is called the midclavicular line.

False

Which of the following is not found in the epidermis? Multiple Choice Melanocytes Fibroblasts Stem cells Keratinocytes Tactile cells

Fibroblasts

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common? Very conspicuous fibers The presence of fibroblasts The presence of collagen Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency A calcified matrix

A calcified matrix

__________ secrete __________ into __________. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

Which of the skin layers below is the most superficial? Basal lamina Epidermis Papillary layer Reticular layer Hypodermis

Epidermis

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common? Most cells are not in direct contact with each other. Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material. Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. Most connective tissues are highly vascular.

Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.