final pt 2

one strand of DNA runs from 5' to 3' and the opposing strand runs from 3' to 5' meaning that the strands are oriented in which way

antiparallel

which type of organism can survive at great depths in the ocean

barotolerant

arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses?

biological vector

reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA

cDNA

which of the following describes the relationship in which the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine in a double-stranded DNA?

chargaff's rules

if you grow two species of bacteria on a mannitol salt agar to determine which can ferment mannitol, and you know both species can grow on the medium, which type of medium is the agar

differential

viruses can be visualized using which method?

electron microscope

which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication?

end with lysis

which describes a stable change in gene expression without changing the base sequence

epigenetics

which sequence of eukaryotic genes code for proteins?

exons

which type of microbes thrive in the great salt lake

extreme halophiles

any virus can infect any host

false

noncoding DNA appears to have very few functions and is known as "junk DNA."

false

oxygen is necessary for an electron transport chain to function

false

prokaryotic RNA transcripts undergo splicing

false

which method cannot be used to detect virus in a patient's serum

growth in pure culture

telomeres in humans is generally active in which cells?

in stem cells and germ cells

DNA polymerase III adds DNA nucleotides in which of the following directions

in the 5' to 3' direction only

where in the DNA structure do DNA-binding proteins generally bind?

in the major and minor grooves

in which cellular location in eukaryote do rRNA synthesis and ribosome assembly occur?

in the nucleolus

the excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following?

induction

which of the following is not a property of a virus?

it is an infectious cellular pathogen

which best describes the mitochondrial DNA chromosome?

it is circular

triglycerides are broken down by which of the following

lipases

human pathogens are generally which type of microbe

mesophiles

carotenoids are pigments that are which of the following colors

orange/yellow/red

the krebs cycle begins with the addition of acetyl CoA to which of the following

oxaloacetate

which of the following is the term for free-living bacteria

planktonic

transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following?

prion

in the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following?

prophage

which of the following are enzymes that break down proteins?

proteases

chicken pox can reemerge as which disease

shingles

during bacterial DNA replication, which of the following holds open the replication bubble

single-strand binding proteins

the noncoding, repetitive sequences at the end of eukaryotic chromosmes are called which of the following?

telomeres

which of the following is not an example of an organism's phenotype

the DNA sequence of a cellular genome

which of the following best describes culture density

the number of cells per unit per volume

which of the following best describes FtsZ

the protein that assembles the Z ring, which forms a divisome before division by binary fission

which statement best describes selenocysteine and pyrrolysine?

they are unusual amino acids found in some bacteria and archaea

which statement best describes polyribosomes?

they can only form after RNA has left the nucleus in eukaryotes, but are found in all domains

which of the following best describes the cell membranes of microbes that thrive at low temperatures

they have relatively high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids

which enzymes helps prevent supercoiling

topoisomerases

which process produces RNA copy of a DNA molecule?

transcription

which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses

transduction

(+)ssRNA can be directly used in translation at the ribosome

true

generation time in prokaryotes refers to the amount of time required for the doubling of the population through a single round of binary fission

true

most plant viruses do not kill their host

true

prokaryotes are generally haploid

true

satellite RNAs can encode for protein

true

the largest component of the dry weight of a biolfilm is usually extracellular polymeric substances

true

transmission of genetic information from parent to offspring is called which of the following?

vertical gene transfer

An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following?

virusoid

there is a cure for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

false

in a monohybrid cross, the first generation of offspring is called which of the following

first filial generation

which of the following is the step in which CO2 enters the light-independent reactions (calvins cycle)

fixation

telomeres found in which of the following

fungal, protist, plant, and animal chromosomes

glycolysis produces a net gain of which of the following

two atp, two NADH, and two pyruvates (all twos)

which of the following is the host-cell receptor that recognizes HIV?

CD4

which of the following removes the primers during DNA replication in bacteria?

DNA polymerase I

during DNA replication in bacteria, which of the following enzymes adds DNA nucleotides to the growing stand?

DNA polymerase III

which of the following correctly describes events that occur during transcription?

RNA polymerase binds to the promoter

which of the following is an inhibitor that binds to the active site of an enzyme

a competitive inhibitor

a DNA nucleuotide contains which of the following?

a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

which of the following best describes a transition reaction

a reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA with the release of carbon dioxide

a nucleoside contains which of the following components?

a sugar and a base

which molecule is often called the cell's energy currency

adenosine triphosphate

which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections

adenovirus