Final Quarter 11-14 Intro Psychology

When an individual can no longer cope with ongoing stress and becomes ill, he or she has reached the _________ of the general adaptation syndrome.

exhaustion-stage

​According to the different kinds of social support, _________ involves listening to people's problems and expressing feelings of sympathy, caring, understanding, and reassurance.

emotional-concern

In client-centered therapy, _________ refers to the recognition of a client's experiences and feelings.

empathy

The feeling of _________ encourages helping behavior and discourages aggression.

empathy

Prejudices act as cognitive filters through which people view the social world. People tend to think of people as "familiar" or "foreign," or "good" or "bad." Their feelings and reactions toward others may be biased by these perceptions. This source of prejudice is referred to as _____.

information-processing

​Feeling lonely and being socially isolated are examples of _____.

inner-concern-hassles

Amanda can't stand to be in a crowded room, get on an elevator, or sit in the middle of a row. It interferes with her job performance and prevents her from enjoying leisure activities. Which anxiety disorder does Amanda exhibit?

agoraphobia

In the approach-avoidance conflict, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach. TRUE OR FALSE

False

Psychodynamic therapy, client-centered therapy, and Gestalt therapy consider psychological disorders to occur as a result of _____.

Internal-conflict

Which of the following is true of cognitive therapy?

It focuses directly on thoughts and encourages ideas that help individuals solve problems.

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is true of passion?

It involves fascination (preoccupation with the loved one), sexual craving, and the desire for exclusiveness.

A woman has difficulty concentrating on her job because she keeps worrying about things like leaving the door unlocked or the tap turned on. She feels that her house will get robbed or damaged any day because of her carelessness. According to this scenario, she is most likely suffering from _____.

Obsessive-compulsive-disorder

Which of the following is true of client-centered therapists?

They have unconditional positive regard for their clients.

_________ is a behavior-therapy technique in which a client observes and imitates a person who approaches and copes with feared objects or situations.

modeling

Dr. Diaz is a therapist who works with clients of many different cultural backgrounds. Her clients like the fact that she always considers their cultural background important to her therapeutic approach. Dr. Diaz is demonstrating

multicultural-competence

​In _________, each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses.

multiple approach-avoidance conflict

_________ is defined by recurrent, anxiety-provoking thoughts or images that seem irrational and beyond control and seemingly irresistible urges to engage in thoughts or behaviors that tend to reduce the anxiety.

obsessive-compulsive-disorder

client-centered therapy

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth. (Also called person-centered therapy.)

​Evan and Amy are physically attracted to each other and can't stand being apart. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, this demonstrates _________.

passion

is a disorder that follows a distressing event outside the range of normal human experience and that is characterized by features such as intense fear, avoidance.

post-traumatic-stress-disorder

​ _________ allows us to brace ourselves for the inevitable and, in many cases, plan ways of coping with it.

predictability

refers to a behavior-therapy method for helping people in their interpersonal relations that utilizes self-monitoring, behavior rehearsal, and feedback.

social-skills-training

​ _____ is a demand made on an organism to adapt, cope, or adjust.

stress

Psychotherapy refers to _________ between a client and a therapist.

systematic-interaction

The difference between major depressive disorder and run-of-the-mill depression is that:

the feeling of lack of energy, low self-esteem, loss of interest in activities is more intense in people with major depressive disorder.

_________ are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud.

​Psychodynamic therapies

Behavior therapists rely heavily on principles of _________.

​conditioning and observational learning

_________ is the issue of how well one can predict behavior on the basis of attitudes.

A-B problem

_________ is an unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

Altruism

Which of the following is a difference between client-centered therapy and Gestalt therapy?

Client-centered therapy is non directive, while Gestalt therapy is directive.

assert that people's behavior is influenced by their values, by how they interpret situations, and by choice.

Cognitive-psychologists

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, which of the following is the ideal form of love?

Consummate-love

____ is the erroneous belief that one is being victimized or made to suffer.

Ideas-of-persecution

is a cluster of traits that buffer stress and are characterized by commitment, challenge, and control.

Psychological hardiness

Unlike client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy

directive

Salma angrily tells her therapist, John, "I should have won the beauty contest. It's not fair." John confronts Salma's belief by asking, "Wasn't the winner more talented and articulate than you?" John is most likely to be a(n) _____.

​rational emotive behavior therapist (REBT)

​ _________ such as pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness.

Biological-factors

Ecstatic elation and deep depression are both aspects of _____.

Bipolar-disorder

People with _________ have mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression.

Bipolar-disorder

Unhealthy stress is referred to as eustress. TRUE OR FALSE

False healthy stress is called eustress Some stress is healthful and necessary to keep us alert and occupied. Stress researcher Hans Selye (1907-1982) referred to such healthful stress as eustress. See 11-1: Stress: What It Is, Where It Comes From

_________ is characterized by indifference to relationships and flat emotional response.

Schizoid personality disorder

refers to Wolpe's method for reducing fears by associating a hierarchy of images of fear-evoking stimuli with deep muscle relaxation.

Systematic desensitization

People who have higher self-efficacy expectations are less prone to be disturbed by adverse events. TRUE OR FALSE

True

Stress and pathogens interact to influence the immune system. TRUE or FALSE

True

Sheena's brother was recently killed by a drunk driver. Students from an organization against drunk driving ask her to sign a petition and donate to their cause. She is glad to help them because she is still grieving her brother's death. This scenario demonstrates how the _____ of her attitude influences her behavior.

accessibility​

Enduring behavioral and cognitive tendencies that are learned and expressed by evaluating particular people, places, or things with favor or disfavor are known as _________.

attitudes

In _________ terms, prejudice is connected with avoidance and aggression.

behavioral

Dr. Thomas, a psychiatrist, works at a facility that treats new cases as outpatients rather than sending them to hospitals. He also helps people who have been released from mental hospitals. Most of the people treated by him have chronic psychological disorders. Dr. Thomas works at a(n) _____.

community-mental- health-center

According to Durlez and Stangor & Crandall, there is often social and economic _________ between people of different races and religions.

conflict

A person with _________ is suddenly unable to recall important personal information.

dissociative-amnesia

​Connor was frightened as his cab was weaving in and out of traffic across the city. The level of his endocrine and sympathetic activity eventually lowered as his body attempted to restore lost energy and repair damage. Connor is in the _____ of the general adaptation syndrome.

resistance stage

Talya, a girl from a wealthy family, is seen constantly mocking her not-so-fortunate classmates. Her class teacher believes that Talya derives her condescending tone from her parents, who display similar behavior toward poorer families. The class teacher is making a _____.

situational-attribution

_________ is characterized by disturbances in thought and language, perception and attention, motor activity, and mood, as well as withdrawal and absorption in daydreams or fantasy.

​Schizophrenia

A reason why people tend to have partners from the same background is

​propinquity

The _________ is the tendency to attribute our own behavior to situational factors but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional factors.

actor-observer-effect

​According to the general adaptation syndrome, the _________ is triggered by perception of a stressor.

alarm reaction Rationale: Analysis: According to the general adaptation syndrome, the alarm reaction is triggered by perception of a stressor. This reaction mobilizes or arouses the body, biologically speaking. See "Stress and the Body" from chapter 11 for more information.

A similarity between acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is that both:

are characterized by feelings of anxiety and helplessness that are caused by a traumatic event.

Fran describes herself as complicated. Since she hates being alone, she is always looking for companionship and often gets involved in stormy relationships. Mostly, she gets into disagreements with people over her divided loyalties—she just cannot make up her mind to stand by one person. She has been hopping from job to job because she is not sure about what she likes to do. Her attitude is typical of a person with _____.

borderline-personality-disorder

Lisa has been invited to a party. Immediately after receiving the invitation, she meets with a group of friends to discuss what they plan to wear to the party. Lisa then decides what to wear based on everybody's opinion. Lisa's behavior demonstrates:

conformity

A landlord refuses to rent his vacant apartment to college students. He believes that students throw wild parties and destroy property. In the context of behavior, the landlord's refusal is an example of _____.

discrimination

Jessie and her mother argue about Jessie's choice of friends and dates. Her mother thinks Jessie is stubborn and resistant. Jessie thinks her mother is bossy and controlling. In this scenario, Jessie and her mother make _________ about each other's behavior.

dispositional attributions

Kim has a poor appetite and has experienced a severe weight loss. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She often has feelings of unworthiness and guilt for things she has not done. She no longer cares about life and talks about death, and how she would welcome it. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Kim with _____.

major-depressive-disorder

​After getting back from work, Greg is attempting to decide whether he should stay home or exercise at the gym. He wants to stay at home because he likes to relax, but he feels guilty about not getting enough exercise. He knows that if he goes to the gym, he will be glad that he is exercising but unhappy because he does not enjoy the activity. According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of

multiple approach-avoidance conflict Rationale: According to Neal E. Miller, this is an example of multiple approach-avoidance conflict. The most complex form of conflict is the multiple approach-avoidance conflict, in which each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses. See 11-1: Stress: What It Is, Where It Comes From

Michael's boss tells him to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Michael is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet he does as told. In the context of social influence, his behavior is an example of:

obedience-to-authority

The Pittsburgh Steelers are playing a game in their home stadium. The stadium is full of fans. They are likely to do their best because so many of the fans are cheering them on to victory. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of:

social-facilitation