final review

"Glucose is transported from blood into cells due to the translocation of GLUT transport proteins to the cell membrane and a concentration gradient." This type of explanation is A. mechanistic. B. metalogical. C. theological. D. scatological. E. teleological.

A. Mechanistic

The binding of lipophilic messengers, such as steroid hormones, to their receptors generally triggers A. gene transcription. B. cyclic nucleotide formation. C. adenylyl cyclase activation. D. protein kinase activation. E. G protein inhibition.

A. gene transcription

Choose the appropriate definition. Structural proteins A. transfer signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm of the cell B. form cell-to-cell connections C. bind to molecules to facilitate entry to or exit from the cell D. ligands bind to these proteins and are changed by the protein

B. form cell-to-cell connections

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is A. proportional to membrane thickness and surface area. B. proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability. C. proportional to surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient. D. proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient and surface area.

B. proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability.

The law of mass balance states: A. if one is to survive they must have a certain amount of mass. B. that all matter is neither created or destroyed. C. if a substance is to remain constant any gain must be offset by an equal loss. D. that all substances in the body have equal mass. E. that homeostasis can be maintained when the load of a substance is continuously lost.

C. if a substance is to remain constant any gain must be offset by an equal loss.

The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is A. the size of the receptor molecule. B. the location of the receptor molecule. C. the lipid solubility of the ligand. D. the size of the ligand.

C. the lipid solubility of the ligand.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Glucose has a dissociation constant of 1, whereas the dissociation constant of NaCl is ~2 B. A 5% solution would contain 5g of glucose or NaCl for every 100 mL C. Glucose and NaCl can both be used in preparing solutions for intravenous use D. Glucose is a non-penetrating solute, while NaCl is a penetrating solute E. All statements are true

D. Glucose is a non-penetrating solute, while NaCl is a penetrating solute

Which of the following molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion provided a concentration gradient exists? A. lipids B. steroids C. lipophobic molecules D. hydrophobic molecules E. All of the answers are correct.

D. hydrophobic molecules

Which of the following are used to keep our systems at or near their setpoints? A. response loops B. positive feedback loops C. none of the above D. negative feedback loops E. open control loops

D. negative feedback loops

The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called ________. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is referred to as a ________. A. proteolysis; kinase B. proteolysis; phosphatase C. phosphorylation; phosphatase D. phosphorylation; kinase

D. phosphorylation; kinase

Cyclic AMP is A. a protein kinase. B. hormone receptor. C. amplifier enzyme. D. second messenger. E. a G protein.

D. second messenger

The following is a list of several levels of organization that make up the human body. 1) tissue 2) cell 3) organ 4) molecule 5) organism 6) organ system The correct order from the smallest to the largest is A. 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 5. B. 2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5. C. 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 5. D. 6, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1. E. 4, 2, 1, 3, 6, 5.

E. 4,2,1,3,6,5

These junctions can be cell-cell junctions. A. gap junction B. tight junction C. anchoring junction D. A and B E. A, B and C

E. A,B, and C

Which body fluid compartment contains higher levels of Na+, Cl-, and HCO3-? A. interstitial fluid only B. intracellular fluid only C. plasma only D. both plasma and intracellular fluid E. both plasma and interstitial fluid

E. both plasma and interstitial fluid