Final Review (2)

Population change =

(births + immigration) - (death + emigration)

Reasons that the population size of an exotic species often grows rapidly when the species is introduced in a new environment include which of the following? I. The exotic species is resistant to pesticides. II. There is a large, underutilized food source in the new environment. III. The exotic species has few natural predators in the new environment.

2 and 3 only

The diagram below shows three identical plastic tubes filled to the same level with spherical beads of different diameters. Each tube was filled with water to the top of the beads. The clamps were then opened to allow water to drain into the beakers. Which graph best represents the relative amount of water retained by the beads in each tube?

3

The rate of doubling time in years can be found by the rule of 70 which is:

70 / percentage of growth

The amounts of all the organisms present in four different aquariums are shown below. Which aquarium would be the most stable?

Aquatic plants- 300g fish that eat plants- 30g fish that eat fish- 3g bacteria- .001g

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an effect of global warming?

Decreased rate of photosynthesis in vegetation

Which statement best describes the flow of energy and the movement of chemical compounds in an ecosystem?

Energy is transferred from organism to organism in a food chain and chemical compounds are recycled.

The biosphere and its ecosystems can be separated in two parts

abiotic, biotic

An example of a reusable product is :

all of the above

Environmental Worldviews are:

all of the above

Limiting factor(s) to population growth is/are:

all of the above

Phosphorous circulates through

all of the above

Where are riparian zones located

along streams

Maple trees and tulips are classified as autotrophs because they both

are able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic raw materials

Evidence of mass extinctions of life-forms is preserved in the fossil record. It is inferred that some of these extinctions occurred because of

asteroid impacts

The carbon cycle is the movement of ___________ throughout the atmosphere

carbon dioxide

The nitrogen cycle would most likely consist

certain bacteria in the soil and aquatic systems convert nitrogen gas into compounds that can enter the food wed

Carrying Capacity is:

consists of all the factors acting jointly to limit growth of a population

Heat energy from the lower latitudes is transferred to colder Earth regions by planetary wind circulation mainly through the process of

convection

Air pressure is usually highest when the air is

cool and dry

For weeks after a series of major volcanic eruptions, Earth's surface air temperatures are often

cooler because ash and dust decrease atmospheric transparency

The Audubon Society recently released a study that showed that the populations of some bird species have decreased in number by as much as 50% since 1966. The study eliminated food and water shortages and natural cycles as causes for the decrease. Which factor might have contributed to this decline?

destruction of natural habitats

The increasing demands for fossil fuels has led government and businesses to consider several possibilities to solve the energy crisis. Which solution will reduce the impact of this crisis on the environment and future generations?

develop alternative fuel sources that can be produced from renewable resources

Factors that affect carrying capacity include all of the following except:

difference between exponential and logistic growth

The diagram below represents a process that occurs in nature This diagram can be used to illustrate the

ecological succession from bare rock to stable ecosystem

In 1960, an invasive species of fish was introduced into the stable ecosystem of a river. Since then, the population of a native fish species has declined. This situation is an example of an

ecosystem altered through the activities of an organism

When an ecosystem merges into the next transitional zone this is a{n}

ecotone

Organisms living in a bog environment must be able to tolerate nitrogen-poor, acidic conditions. Bog plants such as the Venus flytrap and sundew are able to obtain their nitrogen by attracting and consuming insects. These plants produce chemicals that break down the insects into usable compounds. The chemicals present in the plants that break down the insects are most likely

enzymes

The sequence of organisms each of which is a source of food for the next is called a{n}

food chain

A complex network of food chains is a{n}

food web

The role of the snail may be described as a

host

One advantage of biodiversity in an ecosystem is that it

increases the chance that some organisms will survive a major change in the environment

Species that serve as an early warning of damage to a community or an ecosystem are called

indicator

An ecological footprint is the amount of what need to produce the resources needed by an average person in a country:

land

A food web is represented below. A continuous decrease in the size of the rabbit population would most likely cause a decrease in which other population?

mountain lion

The diagram below shows the heads of four different species of Galapagos Islands finches. The four different types of beaks shown are most likely the result of

natural selection

Scientists observed that when two closely related species of predatory birds live in different areas, they seek prey early in the morning. However, when their territories overlap, one species hunts at night and the other hunts in the morning. When these two species live in the same area, they apparently modify their

niche

The four characteristics of a structure or community are physical appearance, species diversity or richness, species abundance, and __________

niche structure

By which process do stars convert mass into great amounts of energy?

nuclear fusion

The carrying capacity for herbivores in a habitat is most directly affected by the availability of

photosynthetic organisms

Which compounds present in insects are composed of the amino acids that provide the Venus flytrap and sundew with much of their nitrogen?

proteins

The Coriolis effect is a result of Earth's

roatation

An energy pyramid is represented below the energy for use by organisms in level A originally comes from

the Sun

After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic blood-fluke infection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that

the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts

Conclusions based on an experiment are most likely to be accepted when

they are consistent with experimental data and observations

Which human activity would most likely deplete finite resources?

uncontrolled population growth

The 2 main agents of soil erosion are flowing water and ____________

wind

The photograph below shows farm buildings partially buried in silt. Which erosional agent most likely piled the silt against these buildings?

wind