Final Review 3
Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the cytosol?
5' UTR E1E2E3E4 UTR 3'
A peptide has the sequence NH2-phe-pro-lys-gly-phe-pro-COOH. Which of the following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?
5'-TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC
Which of the following is mismatched?
A site- holds the growing polypeptide
Which of the following is true of transcription in domain archaea?
It is roughly simultaneous with translation
What is the first amino acid in a polypeptide?
Methionine
Ribosomes consist of
RNA and protein
Suppose that an induced mutation removes most of the 5' end of the 5' UTR. What might result?
Removal of the 5' UTR also removes the 5' cap and the mRNA will quickly degrade
What structure/enzyme is primarily responsible for the process of translation?
Ribosome
Transcription is:
Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Which of the following statements are true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?
Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress
Which of the following is NOT a stop codon?
UCA
When translating secretory or membrane proteins, ribosomes are directed to the ER membrane by
a single recognition particle that brings ribosomes to a receptor protein in the ER membrane (SRP)
When the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA, no corresponding tRNA enters the A site. If the translation reaction were to be experimentally stopped at this point, which of the following would you be able to isolate?
as assembled ribosome with a polypeptide attached to the tRNA in the P site
An activated amino acid has been?
attached to its corresponding tRNA molecule
What are ribosomes composed of?
both rRNA and protein
Alternative RNA splicing
can allow the production of proteins of different sizes from a single mRNA
Eukaryotic cells can control gene expression by which of the following mechanisms?
histone acetylation of nucleosomes
Transcription takes place:
in the nucleus
Suppose that exposure to a chemical mutagen results in a change in the sequence that alters the 5' end of an intron. What might occur?
inclusion of I1 in the mRNA
Which of the following is a useful feature of introns for this model?
introns allow exon shuffling
What is the function of the release factor (RF)?
it binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA
What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mature mRNA coding sequence? 5'-UCCACAAUGCGUGAACGAUUAUCCUUGUGAGGAAAAAAA-3'
met-arg-glu-arg-leu-ser-leu
What is the process of translation?
producing a polypeptide from RNA
Which of the following experimental procedures is most likely to hasten mRNA degradation in a eukaryotic cell?
removal of the 5' cap
What is an anticodon apart of?
tRNA
What structure is responsible for carrying an amino acid to the site of protein synthesis?
tRNA
in the translation process the molecules that is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome is:
tRNA
What part of a tRNA molecule is responsible for interacting with mRNA?
the anticodon
Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?
the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the 5' cap of mRNA
What is the sequence of peptide based on the following mRNA sequence? 5' UUU UCU UAU UGU CUU 3'
the-ser-tyr-cys-leu
The process of translation, whether in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, requires tRNAs, amino acids, ribosomal subunits, and which of the following?
polypeptide factors plus GTP
In the central dogma, genetic information flows from DNA to mRNA via process X, and mRNA to protein via process Y. Which of the following correctly identifies process X and process Y?
Process X is transcription, process Y is translation
During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?
RNA
In the process of transcription,
RNA is synthesized
Identify a 5' to 3' sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys
5'-CTTCGGGAA-3'
In eukaryotes, general transcription factors
bind to other proteins or to a sequence element within the promoter called the TATA box
In eukaryotes, transcription is generally associated with
both euchromatin and histone acetylation
Gene expression might be altered at the level of post-transcriptional processing in eukaryotes rather than prokaryotes because of which of the following?
eukaryotic exons may be spliced in alternative patterns
Once transcribed, eukaryotic mRNA typically undergoes substantial alteration that includes
excision of introns (splicing)
What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?
exons
Transcription factors in eukaryotes usually have DNA binding domains as well as other domains also specific for binding. In general, which of the following would you expect many of them to be able to bind?
other transcription factors
Which of the following is responsible for binding ribosomes to the ER membranes?
single recognition particle
Each eukaryotic mRNA, even after post-transcriptional modification, includes 5' and 3' UTRs. What are these?
the untranslated regions at either end of the coding sequence
Introns are significant to biological evolution because
their presence allows exons to be shuffled
Which of the following is true of snRNPs?
they join together to form a large structure called the spliceosome
When the spliceosome binds to elements of this structure, where can it attach?
to the end of an intron
Which of the following is a function of a signal peptide?
to translocate polypeptides across the ER membrane