First 5 Presidents of US

George Washington (Domestic Policy)

Cabinet- Appointed men who advised president. Secretary of Treasury- A. Hamilton Sec. of State- T. Jefferson Sec. of War- H. Knox Attorney General- E. Randolph Farewell Address- Political Parties: Don't form any b/c it will cause division. Religion: Need it in government to stay moral. Debt: Fix it now, not later. Foreign Affairs: Stay neutral, no specific alliances.

Thomas Jefferson (Domestic Policy)

Election of 1800- First time there's a change in political parties (Adams to Jefferson). Jefferson will give less power to government.

Thomas Jefferson (Foreign Policy)

Embargo Act- US stops all foreign trade in effort to pressure Britain and France to remain neutral. Negative: US was losing money from not trading with any countries. Positive: Helped some because US made American products the only products. Nonintercourse Act- Repealed Embargo Act and instead legalized all foreign trade except with Britain and France.

John Adams (Domestic Policy)

Federalist Political Party- First and only Federalist president. Alien and Sedition Act- Two acts that said Adams could send back any foreigner that the he felt was a threat, that immigrant to US citizen waiting period would be increased, and that a person could be fined or imprisoned for criticizing the government.

List first 5 presidents of US in order.

George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe.

George Washington (Domestic Policy)

Hamilton's Plan- Plan to get US out of debt by moving US capitol to the south in exchange for taking over northern states' debts. Judiciary Act of 1789- Structure of federal court system and created Attorney General cabinet position. Whiskey Rebellion- Pennsylvania farmers protest taxes on whiskey so Washington's troops showed the government's strength and ended rebellion. Exercise more taxes led to this.

John Adams (Domestic Policy)

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions- T. Jefferson and J. Madison say that Alien and Sedition Act policies are unconstitutional and violate 1st amendment. Adams loses popularity. Midnight Judges- Adams appointed lots of Federalist Judges at the end of his term in hopes that the Federalist party would live on.

Thomas Jefferson (Domestic Policy)

Louisiana Purchase- US goes to France asking for access to Mississippi River (important geographic feature) and New Orleans port. France sells Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million b/c they need money for their war. 1803. Lewis and Clark Expedition- Jefferson sends explorers to find water route to the Pacific Ocean and to map out territory, gather scientific information, and establish friendly relations with Natives in Louisiana Territory.

James Monroe (Foreign Policy)

Monroe Doctrine- US would not interfere with foreign affairs and European Nations would not establish colonies in US territory and interfere with countries in the western hemisphere. Adams Onis Treaty- Andrew Jackson invades Spain and sine they can't afford to go to war with us they give us Florida for $5 million dollars (what US wanted).

George Washington (Foreign Policy)

Neutrality- Remain friendly with foreign nations. Don't get involved in others affairs. Jay's Treaty- Stop tension between US and Britain, British give up forts in Northwest Territory. Causes US to limit trade with Britain. Pickney's Treaty- Spanish grants US use of Mississippi River and port of New Orleans.

George Washington (Domestic Policy)

Precedents- Example president hoped others would follow. Putting "So help me God" in oath of office and addressing president as "Mr.President". Civic Virtue- Willing to put aside your own interest and personal concerns for the common good of the people. Relationship with Natives- Knox felt US was taking Native's land but Congress thought it wasn't the Native's land anymore. As people moved west Washington sent troops to protect them from Natives and establish treaties.

James Madison (Domestic Policy)

War Hawks- Members of Congress from south and west wanted war with Britain. Henry Clay most outspoken. Conflicts with Natives- Natives didn't like settlers on their land so they attacked. Natives and British worked together to defeat US. Nationalism- Love and devotion to one's country. After war "Era of Good Feelings". Star Spangled Banner- Written during War of 1812 by Francis S. Key. 2nd National Bank

James Madison (Foreign Policy)

War of 1812- War with Britain due to settlers in the Northwest Territory thinking British was using Natives against them (which they were) and impressments. Jefferson did not want a strong army so US was not ready to fight. Natives (like Tecumseh) fighting from west and British from the east. Treaty of Ghent- End of war with no clear winner. Nothing is changed, but established respect of US. Impressments- Capturing of American ships on sea by British and forcing them to fight for them.

John Adams (Foreign Policy)

XYZ Affair- France upset at US for making Jay's Treaty so starts seizing American ships. Adams sends diplomats to negotiate but France refuses to talk unless they get money. Diplomats refuse. Adams refers to French agents as X, Y, and Z. US did not pay tribute. "Millions for defense, but not one for tribute".

James Monroe (Domestic Policy)

Protective Tariffs- High taxes on imports to encourage Americans to buy American products. Internal Improvements- National roads were built in east and west to send goods faster. Era of Good feelings- 1817 to 1823 in US full of peace. Leads to strong sense of nationalism. Missouri Compromise- Missouri wants to enter the Union as a slave state but that would upset the slave/free state balance so Maine is also admitted into the US as a free state. Henry Clay's solution. Line of slavery. 36°30° line (no new states coming in could have slavery north of the line).

Political idea Washington, Jefferson, and Monroe have in common?

They were all able to avoid getting into a war with foreign nations.