First Aid- Illness

How to treat anaphylaxis

Epinephrine

Signs of ketoacidosis

Excessive thirst sweet, fruity-smelling breath excessive urination dry, warm skin weak, rapid pulse

How to prevent fainting

Have the patient lay down or sit with the head level with their knees

Insulin reaction

High insulin levels (low blood sugar)

Ketoacidosis

Insulin deficiency that can result in hyperglycemia. -Body tries to compensate by eliminating excess sugar through urine - Increased urination causes dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Causes of dehydration

Losing too much fluid not drinking enough fluid

Cool & clammy

Need some candy

hypothermia

Occurs when the body gets cold and loses heat faster than the body can produce it, resulting in total body cooling.

Signs someone is about to faint

Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin sweating dizzy or weak lose consciousness then collapse

First aid for ketoacidosis

Remove from play Have the athlete check their blood sugar levels send for emergency medical assistance

Treatment for cramps

Remove from play fluids stretch massage ice

Type 1 Diabetes

Results from the body's failure to produce insulin; usually diagnosed in children.

signs/symptoms of SEVERE hypothermia

Shivering will stop if body temp is below 90°F Muscles become stiff (appearance of rigor mortis) Skin may become blue Weakness and/or sleepiness Breathing becomes shallow and slower Athlete may become unconscious

Hot & dry

Sugar high

Blood pressure

The amount of force exerted against the arterial wall by the blood during the stages of heart activity.

Dehydration

The body does not have enough water or fluids as it should

Exertional heat stroke

The body's inability to cool itself, elevating the core temperature exceeding 106. **This is a life threatening condition.**

Signs/Symptoms of Asthma

Tightness in chest shortness in breath trouble exhaling wheezing increased respiratory rate fingernails, lips or skin may turn blue or gray high pulse

Shock

When the body's ability to adapt to the physical stress of an injury or illness fails

Fainting

a partial or complete loss of consciousness caused by temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain

cold urticaria

allergic reaction to cold temperatures characterized by edema associated with severe itching and hives.

Tonic-Clonic Seizure or Grand-Mal seizure

characterized by a sudden cry and fall, rigidity and jerking of muscles, shallow breathing, and possibly loss of bladder and bowel control. This usually lasts for a couple of minutes

Heat cramps

first sign of dehydration developed within the muscles being exercised (most commonly the calves) Occur as a result of water and mineral loss

frostbite

freezing of tissues from excessive exposure to cold

Causes of seizures

infections, high fever, brain tumors, drugs, strokes, bleeding in the brain, trauma to the brain, and low blood glucose, sodium or calcium

signs/symptoms of heat exhaustion

moist, clammy skin profuse sweating chills cramps weakness nausea dizziness headache thirst increased respiration and pulse

Heat exhaustion

non-life threatening general fatigue during exercise when excessive fluids have been lost through sweating

frostnip

not as severe as frostbite, involves the freezing of only the outer layers of the skin with no damage to the underlying tissue.

Hypoglycemia

not enough glucose in the bloodstream; low blood sugar

causes of hyperventilation

overexcited athlete blow to the solar plexus

Hyperventilation

rapid breathing that creates a deficit of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream which upsets the oxygen and carbon dioxide balance.

First aid for insulin reaction

remove from play give them sugar If unresponsive call 9-1-1

Treatment for dehydration

remove from play rehydrate with water and/or sports drink if symptoms persist, seek medical attention

Treatment for heat exhaustion

remove from play replenish fluid (sip not gulp) move the athlete to a cool place/shade loose clothing cool athlete off with wet towels/ice packs

Signs/symptoms of MILD hypothermia

shivering loss of motor control/coordination numbness Numbness Cold, pale blue-gray skin Slurring of speech Confusion Loss of memory

Signs/symptoms of hyperventilation

shortness of breath numbness and tingling around the mouth or in the arms, hands and feet dizziness or light-headedness weakness chest pain panic or anxious feeling

Symptoms of anaphylaxis

skin rash nausea vomiting difficulty breathing shock

Symptoms of insulin reaction

sweating, dilated pupils, trembling, confusion

First aid for hyperventilating

talk calmly & reassure the athlete sit the athlete down instruct the athlete to inhale slowly, hold one second, then exhale through pursed lips. -If they do not recover within a few minutes, send for help, monitor their breathing, and check for other injuries that may be contributing to the problem.

Hyperglycemia

too much glucose builds up in the bloodstream; high blood sugar

Signs/symptoms of dehydration

yellowing urine headache fatigue dry mouth cramps dizziness

Solar Plexus spasm

"having the wind knocked out of you" -temporary paralysis of the diaphragm -caused by a direct blow to the area below the rib cage

Treatment of heat stroke

**Water immersion** -if not available ice packs or cold towels placed on the ---athlete's axilla (arm pit) and groin areas. treat for shock -Call 9-1-1

First Aid- Solar plexus spasm

- Rest - Loosen any belts, equipment or tight clothing - Encourage athlete to relax -If complete recovery does not occur within a few minutes or pain, tenderness , or signs of shock, vomiting, or coughing up blood appear there may be an abdominal injury. Call 9-1-1!

Things never to do with someone with hypothermia

- place someone in hot water - give them alcohol - wrap them in electric or hot blanket

Things always to do with someone with hypothermia

- remove wet/cold clothing - place the patient in dry clothing/blanket - assume the patient is revivable - keep a close, continuous watch on the patient.

Causes of asthma

-Allergic reaction (dust, mold, pet dander, etc.) -Cold -Smoke or other inhaled substances - Exercise

Steps to use an epi-pen

-Locate the injection site -Remove blue safety cap while holding the pen in fist, orange tip facing down. -Place the pen on the outer thigh of the patient at a 90 degree angle. -Administer injection (push until you hear a click) - Push and hold for 10 seconds. - Gently massage the areas for 10 seconds after - Re-check breathing -Place epi pen back in canister and give to EMS when they arrive.

First Aid for an asthma attack

-Retrieve the athlete's inhaler -assist the athlete in using their inhaler -Monitor breathing and provider CPR if needed (if so, call 911) - monitor skin and lip color - If no signs of improvement in 5- 10 minutes, repeat the inhaler & call 9-1-1.

signs/symptoms of frostbite

-burning & pain - loss of sensation -superficial freezing (pain, cold, numb, tingling, hard) - deep freezing (hard, solid, blisters, no more pain)

how to prevent dehydration

-drink before exercise (17-20 oz) -drink during exercise (28-40 oz) - After exercise drink 20-24 oz for every pound of body weight lost within 2 hours.

High risk participants for hypothermia

-extremely lean athletes -elderly adults -infants

Signs/Symptoms of solar plexus spasm

-inability to inhale -pain below the sternum -possible temporary unresponsiveness -labored breathing or hyperventilation

first aid for hypothermia

-move athlete out of the cold and to a source of heat - remove any wet clothing - wrap the athlete in warm, dry clothing and/or blankets - warm drink/food if alert enough - prevent further heat loss -Transport to hospital -Monitor vital signs

treatment of frostbite

-remove patient from the cold -remove wet clothing -place affected area in warm water or apply warm moist cloths - after thawing protect with dry, sterile gauze

Treatment for cold urticaria

-symptoms usually resolve in a few hours -antihistamine to control edema and itching

When before activity should you take your inhaler?

20-30 minutes before activity

How soon after giving the first epi-pen can you give a second injection?

5-10 minutes if EMS has not arrived and the person has not improved.

temperature death occurs at when hypothermic

78 degrees

Temperature someone falls unconscious when hypothermic

85 degrees

Asthma

A chronic condition in which the air passages in the lungs constrict due to inflammation and interfere with normal breathing

epilepsy

A condition in which seizures occur regularly throughout the affected person's life. -Cause is unknown

Diabetes

A condition that affects the body's ability to properly produce and regulate insulin.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas and is needed to make cells absorb glucose from the blood.

Anaphylactic Shock

A sever potentially life threatening allergic reaction that occurs within seconds or minutes.

seizure

A sudden attack or convulsion due to involuntary electrical activity in the brain

Signs of heat stroke

Absence of sweating Hot and dry skin Confusion loss of consciousness vomiting weakness

Signals of shock

Anxiety Altered level of consciousness nausea, vomiting pale, ashen, gray skin cool, moist skin rapid breathing excessive thirst

Type 2 Diabetes

Body still produces insulin, but either does so in insufficient amounts or produces insulin that does not function properly.

How to care for shock

Check-Call-Care Make sure airway is open Control external bleeding immobilize broken bones lay person down don't give person anything to eat or drink Monitor person until EMS arrives