First aid/cpr
After putting on disposable gloves, what is the first step in caring for a wound with significant bleeding?
Apply direct pressure with a sterile or clean dressing.
Chest compression for an adult
at least 2 inches
One cycle of cpr =
30 chest compressions and 2 ventilations, 5 cycles should be completed in 2 minutes
Life threatening illness
- unconsciousness -absent of pulse -absent of breathing -severe breathing
Ventilations for a child
1 every 3 seconds
Ventilations for an infant
1 every 3 seconds
Ventilations for adults
1 every 5 seconds for 1 minute
Rate of chest compressions per minute =
100 chest compressions per minute
For which condition would you decide to call 9-1-1 for a person who has sustained a wound?
A. The person has uncontrolled bleeding. **** B. The person complains of moderate pain. C. There is swelling in the injured area. D. There is a large bruise forming at the injured area.
You and your partner are responding to a motor-vehicle crash. As you arrive at the scene, which of your senses should you use to assess the scene for hazards?
All of your senses
The steps to follow in an emergency are:
Check—Call—Care.
Which of the following are signals of concussion?
Confusion, Repeated questions about what happened and Brief loss of consciousness.
If you are caring for a person with heat stroke and you cannot immerse the person up to his or her neck in cold water, what other methods can you try?
Cover the person with bags of ice, Spray the person with water, or Sponge the person with towels doused in ice water.
While on duty as a lifeguard at the local community pool, you see a woman slip and fall while holding a glass bottle of iced tea. You rush over to find her holding her bleeding arm. What PPE should be used
Disposable gloves. Also wear a gown, mask, and eyewear if you are likely to come in contact with blood or other body fluids that may splash.
What should you do if the person does not give consent?
Do not give care but instead call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number
After setting up a road block you check the victim. The victim on the ground appears to be unconscious, and his helmet has fallen off in the crash. The woman pleads with you to move the victim off of the road to protect him from traffic. What should you do?
Do not move the victim; there is no immediate danger.
. Suddenly, James starts coughing and a look of panic comes on his face. He seems to be choking on a piece of hotdog.
Encourage James to continue coughing.
In stroke recognition, FAST means:
Face, arm, speech and time.
T/F AED pads must be removed before performing CPR.
False
Position of hand during abdominal thrusts
Find naval, make a fist with one hand and place the thumb side slightly above naval, cover fist with other hand and perform upward thrusts
How do you open the airway
From the side - head tilt chin lift From cephalic - jaw thrust with head extension Suspected head injury - jaw thrust with no head ext.
What do you do for a conscious chocking patient
Get consent, 5 back blows followed by 5 abdominal thrusts
Care for a person with heat exhaustion includes
Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place
How should you care for someone with minor frostbitten fingers?
Get the person to a warm environment and then rewarm his or her hands using skin-to-skin contact.
If a person is in shock, what should you not do:
Give the person water.
Conscious chocking victim to unconscious chocking victim
Give ventilations, look for an object, give 30 chest compressions, look for an object, attempt 2 ventilations, continue to give care
To care for a person having a diabetic emergency who can swallow, give some form of sugar, such as:
Glucose tablets or glucose paste, Fruit juice, milk or non-diet soft drink and Table sugar dissolved in a glass of water.
What bloodborne pathogens are of primary concern to the professional rescuer?
Hepatitis C, hepatitis B and HIV
What does H.A.IN.E.S stand for
High arm in endangered spine
A person has sustained a heat burn. Which of the following should you use to cool the burn?
Large amounts of cool running water.
To help control a nosebleed, you should have the person:
Lean slightly forward while pinching the nostrils together for about 10 minutes.
Primary assessment
Life threatening illness, check for responsiveness and obtain consent, and note the victims level of consciousness
When providing care to any victim, after sizing up the scene to ensure it is safe, what do you need to do first?
Obtain the victim's consent, either verbally or through a gesture.
When giving care to a person who has a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, what is the number one goal in care until advanced medical personnel arrives?
Minimizing movement.
After giving ventilations, the victim remains unconscious but starts breathing. She is vomiting continuously and you are having trouble keeping her airway clear. While you are waiting for more advanced medical personnel to arrive, you want to maintain him in a recovery position. Which position should you use?
Modified H.A.IN.E.S. recovery position
While sizing up the scene, you notice some live electrical wires that are on top of the vehicle. What should you do next?
Move to a safe distance and alert the appropriate personnel.
Which of the following care steps would be included for a person with hypothermia until advanced medical personnel arrives?
Moving the person to a warm place, Removing wet clothing and drying the person and Giving warm liquids.
About how many seconds should you check for normal breathing?
No more than 10.
What is the first step in recognizing whether this man is having a breathing emergency?
Observe and listen to the victim's breathing
The victim is an adult, but what if she were a child and the injury or illness were serious but not life threatening?
Obtain consent from a parent or guardian before providing care.
You know you should obtain consent before providing care, but this victim is unconscious. What should you do?
Provide care; consent is implied.
After moving to a safe distance, you notified the appropriate personnel and the electric company has shut down power to the lines, rendering it safe for you to approach. What is your next step?
Put on appropriate PPE before determining the mechanism of injury and the number of victims.
The victim vomits while you are giving ventilations. What should you do first?
Quickly turn the victim on to her side to prevent the vomit from blocking the airway and entering the lungs.
Elevating an injured area helps to:
Reduce swelling.
Unconscious man in car. You perform a primary assessment and determine that he is not breathing and has no pulse. What should you do?
Remove him from the car so that you can provide appropriate care.
When caring for a person who is having a seizure, you should:
Remove nearby objects that might cause injury.
The general care for a muscle, bone and joint injury includes the following:
Rest, Immobilize, Cold and Elevate
When checking a conscious person, you should obtain consent, ask questions and:
Visually check the person from head to toe.
Now, you look over and see that he is clutching his chest and grimacing in severe pain, looking panicked and asking you for help.
This could be a heart attack. Summon more advanced medical personnel by calling 9-1-1 or the local emergency number and help Randy to rest comfortably.
When do you administer rescue breaths
When the patient is not breathing but has a pulse
chest compression for an infant
about 1 1/2 inches
chest compression for a child
about 2 inches
First step in a drowning victim
after checking for breathing and pulse administer 2 breaths before CPR
1. Drinking __________ before or during meals can cause choking.
alcohol
Cardiac chain of survival
call 911, cpr, aed, early advanced medical care
What is the job of an AED
to help establish an effective heart rhythm
Do not stop CPR unless:
you see an obvious sign of life, AED becomes available, another trained rescuer takes over, a more advanced medical personnel takes over, presented with a valuable do not resuscitate, you become too exhausted or the scene becomes unsafe