First Semester Practice Test

Leopold I

The advances into central Europe by the Ottoman Empire during the late-seventeenth century were pushed back by

c. fenced in public land for private use

The enclosure movement of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries a. sought to unify all Christians in one church b. sought to group factories closely together for maximum efficiency c. fenced in public land for private use d. banned trade with non European nations e. banned emigration from Europe to North America

b. The Augsburg Confession

All of the following were important aspects of the Catholic Reformation EXCEPT a. The Index of Prohibited books b. The Augsburg Confession c. the Italian Inquisition d. The Council of Trent e. The Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

Gianlorenzo Bernini

Baroque ideas and values were embodied most profoundly in the work of

Junkers

Hohenzollern authority in ruling Prussia depended on the cooperation and support of...

b. classically restrained and symmetrical

Italian Renaissance art is most appropriately described as a. dramatic in action and emotion b. classically restrained and symmetrical c. spectacular and deliberately nonsymmetrical d. Medieval in its ideals and execution e. symbolic and preoccupied with the afterlife

the general will of the people

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's concept of the ideal government was centered on...

a. financed the exploration of the west coast of Africa

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal was significant during the Age of Exploration because he a. financed the exploration of the west coast of Africa b. established an important trading post in Goa c. supported Pizarro''s expedition that ended wih the conquest of the Incas d. established an important trading post in Goa e. was the first to discover the Northwest Passage to the Pacific Ocean

workers

The British Chartist movement of the nineteenth century drew much of its support from the...

b. increases in food supply

The primary cause of the large increase in the population of Europe in the eighteenth century was a. better medical care b. increases in food supply c. immigration from the new world d. government policies encouraging a high birth rate e. increased urbanization

b. It set educational and performance levels for civil servants

Which of the following best characterizes the Table of Ranks during reign of Peter the Great? a. It separated the Russian population into distinct classes b. It set educational and performance levels for civil servants c. It required the nobility to serve in the Russian army d. It legalized serfdom e. It established a Russian parliament

Desiderius Erasmus

Who was known as the "Prince of the Humanists" and in such works as "In Praise of Folly" criticized the clergy and abuses that he saw in the Christian Church?

Christine de Pisan

Who was the first woman in modern European history to advocate more opportunities and influence for women?

e. distributing all land in rural areas among the peasants

the achievements of the Jacobins included all of the following EXCEPT a. abolition of slavery in the French empire b. voting rights to all adult males c. adoption of the metric system d. decreeing fixed prices on essential goods while raising wages e. distributing all land in rural areas among the peasants

the church

"Ecrasex l'infame" Voltaire's slogan of "Crush the infamous thing" called for the suppression of...

The sale of indulgences

The specific abuse that Luther addressed in his "Ninety-Five Theses" was

French Calvinists

The victims of the St. Bartholomew's DAy Massacre (1572) were...

introducing turnips as part of crop rotation

Viscount Charles Townshend's contribution to the Agricultural Revolution in England was...

Niccolo Machiavelli

"it is, then, much safer to be feared than to be loved...for touching human nature, we may say in general that men are untruthful, unconstant, dissemblers, they avoid dangers and are covetous of gain. While you do them good, they are wholly ours... but when (danger) approaches, they revolt." Who said this?

Catherine the Great

The Pugachev Rebellion threatened the monarchy of...

e. Bishop Bossuet

Which of the following was MOST important in advocating for "divine right" of kings under Louis XIV? a. Cardinal Richelou b. Jean Bodin c. Thomas Hobbes d. Denis Diderot e. Bishop Bossuet

b. a strong guild system

All of the following were preconditions for the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT a. adequate road and river systems b. a strong guild system c. an adequate supply of raw materials such as coal and iron ore d. a spirit of entrepreneurship e. sources of capital to build factories

Jews

Ferdinand and Isabella's nationalistic policies led to the expulsion from Spain of large numbers of...

environment and reason

In "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" John Locke held that human knowledge was derived from...

d. prevent Dutch trade with England's colonies

The English Navigation Acts, the first of which was passed in 1651, were initially designed to a. encourage technological innovation that would further the cause of exploration b. establish regulations for safer travel aboard merchant ships c. charter trade companies to expand England's trade overseas d. prevent Dutch trade with England's colonies e. permit English ships to violate the monopolistic practices of the Spanish empire

find an all-water route to India

The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama was the first European to...

e. Protestantism would remain the dominant force in the Church of England

The central religious issue in England between 1534 and 1689 was the extent to which a. all Christian sects would have the right to worship b. Puritanism would be adopted as the official faith in England c. the Anglican Church would remain loyal to the Roman Catholic Church d. Jews would be given political and religious equality e. Protestantism would remain the dominant force in the Church of England

a. raise their standard of living

The long-term consequence of the Industrial Revolution for the working class was to a. raise their standard of living b. increase the use of child labor c. reduce the influence of labor unions d. provide an easier means of entering the middle class e. increase the value of unskilled labor

National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention, Directory, Consulate

What is the correct order of the phases of the French Revolution?

Joseph II

Which monarch instituted the largest number of "Enlightened" reforms?

c. John Calvin

Which of the following figures provided the foundation upon which Puritanism was based? a. Martin Luther b. Philip Melanchthon c. John Calvin d. William Tyndale e. Michael Servetus

Skepticism

Which school of thought is most closely associated with the late-sixteenth-century writer, Michel de montaigne?

Nicholas Copernicus

Galileo's persecution by the Catholic Church was largely brought about by his support of who?

Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus

During the Thirty Years' War, the Lutheran movement was saved from extinction by the military intervention of who?

b. The church was made a department of the French state

What was the result of the Civil Constitution of the clergy during the French Revolution? a. The clergy was given a priviledged position in the Estates general b. The church was made a department of the French State c. The clergy was allowed to marry d. The new doctrine of the French Church was based on Protestantism e. The church was made completely independent fro the state

c. it placed a greater emphasis upon religious piety

The northern Renaissance differed from the Renaissance in Italy in that a. It lacked the strong financial foundation provided by the city-states of Italy b. It was less affected by the emergence of the printing press c. it placed a greater emphasis upon religious piety d. it drew more heavily on ancient Greek and Roman traditions e. it reflected less of a preoccupation with themes of death and disaster

c. trials were public

All of the following are true about the Star Chamber courts of England EXCEPT a. there were no juries b. the accused could not confront witnesses c. trials were public d. Henry VII used them to control the nobility e. torture was used to obtain confessions

d. steam powered plows greatly increased yields

All of the following are true of the "agricultural revolution" in seventeenth and eighteenth-century Europe EXCEPT a. the amount of land under cultivation increased b. the enclosure of common lands cuased significant demographic shifts c. some seed planting was done with mechanical drills d. steam-powered plows greatly increased yields e. the planting of clover and peas increased the soil fertility

d. a majority of the Frenchmen sought to replace the monarchy with a republic

All of the following have been advanced as explanations for the coming of the French Revolution EXCEPT a. the bourgeoisie sought greater influence in government b. the inefficient and corrupt regime of Louis XVI led to widespread frustration with the government c. the nobility of France sought to enhance its power d. a majority of the Frenchmen sought to replace the monarchy with a republic. e. the views of the philosophes weakened faith in traditional values and institutions

b. waged war on French Jansenists

All of the following statements about Cardinal Richelieu are true EXCEPT that he a. sought to weaken the power of the nobility b. waged war on the French Jansenists c. deprived the Huguenots of their religious rights d. supported the German Protestants in their struggle with the Hapsburgs e. instituted the indendant system

d. gave Russia a "window to the West" on the Baltic Sea

As a consequence of the Great Northern War, Peter the Great a. destroyed the political influence of the "old Believers" b. drove the Turks from the northern shores of the Black Sea c. Extended Russian holdings into central Siberia d. Gave Russia a "window to the West" on the Baltic Sea e. destroyed the political influence of the "streltski"

c. draft a constitution for France

As a result of the Tennis Court Oath, representatives of the Third Estate swore to a. overthrow Louis XVI b. establish a republic c. draft a constitution for France d. break the ties between the French church and the papacy e. end feudalism

c. Thirty-Nine Articles

Elizabeth I attempted to reduce religious conflict in England through a compromise creed of faith known as the a. Act of Six Articles b. Test Act c. Thirty-Nine Articles d. Toleration Decree e. Petition of Right

c. laid the foundations for Protestantism's personal approach to worship

In the fourteenth and fifteenth centures, mystics such as Thomas a Kempis a. preached rebellion against the papacy b. stressed the importance of the sacraments c. laid the foundatins for Protestantism's personal approach to worship d. argued for the necessity of reforming the Roman Catholic Church e. had a universal and popular appeal

b. two mature people, generally in their late twenties

In the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries the typical European marriage was most often made by a. two young people in their teens b. two mature people, generally in their late twenties c. a girl in her teens and a young man in his twenties d. two people in their early twenties e. a man in his forties and a girl in her teens

c. enact protective tariffs and tolls within France's borders

Jean-Baptiste Colbert did all of the following to promote the French economy EXCEPT a. build a large merchant fleet b. build new roads and canals c. enact protective tariffs and tolls within France's borders d. provide state support to domestic industries e. destroy the remnants of power held by the craft guilds

d. proof through mathematics that the orbits of the planets are elliptical

Johannes Kepler's contribution to the Scientific Revolution was his a. presentation of a sound mathematical proof supporting Ptolemy's geocentric theory b. demonstration that all the planets in the solar system move at a constant speed c. demonstration that the surface of the moon was not smooth d. proof that through mathematics that the orbits of the planets are elliptical e. demonstration of the errors in the astronomical measurements of Tycho Brahe

b. the government had violated property rights

John Locke's "Two Treatises on Civil Government" approved of revolution provided that a. the revolution was not violent b. the government had violated property rights c. the equality of economic wealth had not been achieved d. the government had not held elections e. the legitimacy of the monarchy was in question

It was by faith alone and God's grace that salvation could be achieved

Martin Luther's most fundamental theological idea was that a. Salcatiion was to be found in good works b. it was by faith alone and God's grace that salvation could be achieved c. people had no scriptural obligation to obey secular rulers d. the sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist were essential to obtaining God's grace e. a strict hierarchical church structure was needed to facilitate people's spiritual needs

c. the defeat of Britain through economic warfare

Napoleon Bonaparte's Continental System had as its goal a. the creation of a unified Germany b. the placement of his family members on the throne of various European countries c. the defeat of Britain through economic warfare d. a military alliance of various French dominated states to wage war on Russia e. the creation of a military force drawn from many European states to undertake the conquest of North America

c. It condemned the violence and anarchy of the French Revolution

Which of the following best characterizes Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France? a. It condemend the French REvolution as a source of radical ideas later used in the American Revolution b. It praised the French REvolution as a sincere attempt to spread liberty and promote equality c. It condemned the violence and anarchy of the French Revolution d. It praised the French Revolution and condemned the American Revolution e. It assaulted the legitimacy of the Old Regime

c. It strengthened the power of secular rulers

Which of the following statements concerning the Protestant Reformation is true? a. It rejected many aspects of early Christianity b. It weakened nationalistic feelings c. It strengthened the power of secular rulers d. It resulted in the first Christian missionaries seeking converts in the Far East e. It weakened the hold of spiritual beliefs on the minds of Europeans

b. It divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)? a. It allowed Spain to retain its outposts in Africa and Asia b. It divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal c. It brought temporary peace to the major Italian city states d. IT reduced papal influence in France e. It ended the religious wars between England and Spain

d. He dedicated his reign to establishing Catholic orthodoxy in Europe

Which of the following statements is true concerning Philip II of Spain? a. He championed religious toleration of Spanish Jews and Muslims b. He granted independence to the SPanish Netherlands c. He established an alliance with England against the Dutch Revolt d. He dedicated his reign to establishing Catholic orthodoxy in Europe e. He suffered a naval defeated by the Ottonmon Empire at Lepanto

c. They were urban working class and small-scale merchants

Which of the following statements is true concerning the "sans culottes" during the French Revolution? a. They were impoverished peasants b. they were urban and village priests c. they were urban working class and small-scale merchants d. they were nobles forced to flee to neighboring countries e. they were members of the bourgeoisie

c. German princes were allowed to determine whether their states would be Catholic or Lutheran

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Peace of Augsburg (1555)? a. Calvinism was officially recognized as a viable religion within the Holy Roman Empire b. It failed to achieve peace in the German states during the remainder of the sixteenth century c. German princes were allowed to determine whether their states would be Catholic or Lutheran d. Switzerland gained its independence from the Holy Roman Empire e. The Hapsburg-Valois Wars were officially ended

c. The Tudor Dynasty came to throne

Which of the following statements is true regarding the outcome of the War of the Roses? a. English territorial holdings in France were lost b. Anglicanism was proclaimed the state religion c. The Tudor dynasty came to the throne d. Monasticism in England was abolished e. The kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified

d. She extended Russia's territorial holdings at the expense of the Black Sea region

Which of the following statements regarding Catherine the Great is correct? a. She introduced reforms easing the burden on the serfs b. She inherited the throne from her father Peter the Great c. She increased the use of torture against dissidents d. She extended Russia's territorial holdings at the expense of the Black sea region e. She reduced the power of the nobility

d. It argued that revelation and faith were important in understanding God's laws

Which of the following statements regarding Deism is NOT correct? a. It rejected a literal interpretation of the Bible and the divinity of Jesus b. It argued that God does not intervene in the day-to-day affairs of people c. IT argued that God created the universe and is therefore the source of the physical laws of nature d. It argued that revelation and faith were important in understanding God's laws e. It argued that the individual had the freedom and rational ability to determine what is good and evil and to choose between them

c. It was a debate between Luther and Zwingli which resulted in a formal split within Protestantism

Which of the following statements regarding the Colloquy of Marburg in 1529 is correct? a. It was an attempt by the Catholic Chhurch to develop a strategy to combat the Protestant movement b. It was a meeting which declared Luther to be an outlaw throughout the Holy Roman Empire c. It was a debate between Luther and Zwingli which resulted in a formal split within Protestantism d. It was an attempt by Charles VI to reconcile Luther to the CAtholic Church e. It was the primary reason for the fall of Thomas WOlsey as Chancellor of England

b. The emergence of the cabinet system of government

Which of the following was MOST important in advancing constitutionalism in Great Britain in the eighteenth century? a. The strong leadership of the Hanoverian kings b. The emergence of the Cabinet system of government c. The development of a reformed judiciary d. The passage of the Act of Union e. The redistribution of seats in the House of Commons

b. Descartes emphasized deductive reasoning and was therefore less bound to observation

Which of these statements expresses a fundamental difference between the philosophies of Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon in the seventeenth century? a. Bacon's philosophy appealed to middle class while Descartes favored the nobility b. Descartes emphasized deductive reasoning and was therefore less bound to observation c. Bacon refuted the concept of inductive logic and was more bound to Christian dogma d. Descartes' philosophy left no room for the consideration of the existence of God e. Bacon believed that absolute standards of good and evil did not exist

b. The Commercial Revolution was a result of the Italian Renaissance

Which one of the following best characterizes the relationship between the Commercial Revolution and the Italian Renaissance? a. The Commercial Revolution made patronage of Florentine artists possible b. The Commercial Revolution was a result of the Italian Renaissance c. The new merchant class of the Commercial Revolution was more interested in the secular world and less interested in religion d. The religious piety of the Italian Renaissance was exported to Africa and Asia e. The Commercial Revolution enriched Italian farmers

b. Difficulty of achieving political consensus due to the liberum veto

Which one of the following statements best explains the political and military decline of Poland by the late-eighteenth century? a. Lack of parliamentary and judicial systems b. Difficulty of achieving political consensus due to the liberum veto c. Devastation of the population due to religious wars d. Sharp economic decline due to failed harvests and widespread famine e. Aristocratic opposition to the excessive power and ruthlessness of the Polish monarchy

a. Governments routinely promoted the movement for Italian unification

Which was NOT true of Italian city-states during the Renaissance? a. Governments routinely promoted the movement for Italian unification b. Their ruling elite shared an interest in Roman antiquity c. The economy tended to be centered in rural areas compared to countries in Northern Europe d. Rulers undertook massive building programs to flaunt their wealthy and power e. They denied political rights to all but a small percentage of the people

Thirty Years' War

The Defenstration of Prague was a cause of which war?

John Wyclif

The fourteenth-century English reformer whose views were embodied in the Lollard movement was

The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

The most widely read book of manners for the wealthy during the Renaissance was...

d. maintain a favorable balance of trade in the Spain's New World Colonies

The underlying goal of mercantilism was to a. Acquire colonies b. promote social welfare through increased economic activity c. gain access to raw materials d. maintain a favorable balance of trade in order to increase the country wealth e. pursue a policy of laissez faire in ordder to promote free trade

e. it removed France from North America

Which of the following statements is true regarding he Treaty of Paris (1763)? a. It resulted in the political and economic collapse of Britain b. It elevated France as the greatest power in the world c. It ended the expansionist wars of Louis XIV and restored peace to Europe d. It marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Empire as a first-rate power e. It removed France from North America

c. The growth in Europe's population

Which of the following was most important in causing the Price Revolution in the sixteenth century? a. The establishment of monopolies b. the importation of New World silver and gold into the European c=economy c. the growth in Europe's population d. the wars of religion caused by the Reformation e. the emergence of the Dutch economy

e. it officially established the kingdom of Great Britain

All of the following statements regarding the English Bill of Rights are true EXCEPT a. it established a constitutional monarchy b. It forbade a standing army without parliament's approval c. it guarenteed "habeus corpus" d. It established Parliament's control over taxation e. it officially established the kingdom of Great Britain

b. disbanded the monasteries

As a consequence of the English Reformation, Henry VIII a. ended the CAtholic sacraments b. disbanded the monasteries c. brought moderate Protestant influences into the church d. radically altered the religious doctrines of the church e. strengthened the authority of the pope over English churches

Frederick William "The Great Elector"

During the second half of the seventeenth century, the power of Brandenburg-Prussia was enhanced primarily through the efforts of...

a. Access to educatioin

In which area did opportunities for upperclass women increase most during the Italian Renaissance? a. Access to education b. Influence on society's values c. Ownership of property d. Types of occupations held e. Political power

b. Control over the African Slave trade in the Spain's New World Colonies

The "asiento" granted to Great Britain in the Peace of Utrecht (1713), gave it a. Possession of Gilbraltar b. Control over the African slave trade in the Spain's New World colonies c. The right to unlimited trade in the Spanish islands of the Caribbean d. access o the East Indian spice trade e. control of Spanish Florida

a. Growing correspondence within the scientific community

The Royal Society of London is associated with which of the following? a. Growing correspondence within the scientific community b. Catholic tendencies of James II of England c. Efforts to Christianize Native Americans in the New World d. Financing the establishment of colonial settlements in British North America e. Financing commercial activities in the Far East

Charles V

The most powerful European ruler at the time of the Protestant Reformation was...

b. Edict of Nantes

The sixteenth-century religious wars that plagued France ended with the a. rise to power of Louis XIV b. Edict of Nantes c. St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre d. Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis e. Peace of Augsburg

a. Hobbes and Voltaire

Which of the following political philosophers are correctly paired based upon the similarity of their views regarding political power? a. Hobbes and Voltaire b. Bodin and Montesquieu c. Quesnay and Rousseau d. Locke and Bossuet e. Paine and Burke