Fitness and Wellness Ch. 1

Ecosystem

A community of organisms interacting with each other in an environment.

Physical fitness standards

A fitness level that allows a person to sustain moderate -to-vigorous physical activity without undue fatigue and the ability to closely maintain this level throughout life.

Sedentary

A lifestyle characterized by relative inactivity and a lot of sitting.

Metabolic profile

A measurement to asses risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease through plasma insulin, glucose, lipid, and lipoprotein levels.

Mental wellness

A state in which ones mind is engaged in lively interaction with the surrounding world; also called intellectual wellness.

Exercise

A type of physical activity that requires planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement with the intent of improving or maintaining one or more components of physical fitness.

Vigorous activity

Any exercise that requires a MET level equal to or greater than 6 METs (21 mL/kg/min); 1 MET is the energy expenditure at rest, 3.5 mL/kg/min, whereas METs are defined as multiples of the resting metabolic rate (examples of activities that a require a 6-MET level are aerobics, walking uphill at 5.6 km/h, cycling at 16 to 19.3 km/h, playing doubles in tennis, and vigorous strength training).

Other wellness

Aspects of wellness that do not fall within the other six dimensions; for some people, other wellness may include spirituality.

Physical activity

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles; requires expenditure of energy and produces progressive health benefits.

Metabolic fitness

Denotes improvements in the metabolic profile through a moderate-intensity exercise program in spite of little or no improvement in physical fitness standards.

Skill-related fitness

Fitness components important for success in activities and athletic events requiring high skill levels; encompasses agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.

Health-related fitness

Fitness programs that are prescribed to improve the individual's overall health; components are cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, muscular flexibility, and body composition.

Physical wellness

Good physical fitness and confidence in one's personal ability.

Sphygomanometer

Inflatable bladder contained within a cuff and a mercury manometer (or aneroid manometer) from which the pressure is read.

Risk factors

Lifestyle and genetic variables that may lead to disease.

Systolic blood pressure

Pressure exerted by blood against walls of arteries during forceful contraction (systole) of the heart.

Diastolic blood pressure

Pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries during the relaxation phase (diastole) of the heart.

Cardiorespiratory endurance

The ability of the lungs, heart, and blood vessels to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity.

Physical fitness

The ability to meet the ordinary as well as the unusual demands of daily life safely and effectively without being overly fatigued and still have energy left for leisure and recreational activities.

Occupational wellness

The ability to perform one's job skillfully and effectively under conditions that provide personal and team satisfaction and adequately reward each individual.

Social wellness

The ability to relate well to others, both within and outside the family unit.

Emotional wellness

The ability to understand one's own feelings, accept limitations, and achieve emotional stability.

Environmental wellness

The capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health.

Wellness

The constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being. It encompasses seven dimensions - physical, emotional, mental, social, environmental, occupational, and other - and integrates them all into a quality life.

Health fitness standards

The lowest fitness requirements for maintaining good health, decreasing the risk of chronic diseases, and lowering the incidence of muscular-skeletal injuries; also referred to as criterion-referenced standards.

Altruism

True concern for the welfare of others.

Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles is called a. physical activity. b. kinesiology. c. exercise. d. aerobic exercise. e. muscle strength.

a. physical activity.

7. Metabolic fitness can be achieved a. with an active lifestyle and moderate physical activity. b. through a high-intensity speed-training program. c. through an increased basal metabolic rate. d. with anaerobic training. e. through an increase in lean body mass.

a. with an active lifestyle and moderate physical activity.

10. What is the greatest benefit of being physically fit? a. absence of disease. b. a higher quality of life. c. improved sports performance. d. better personal appearance. e. maintenance of ideal body weight.

b. a higher quality of life.

5. Research on the effects of fitness mortality indicates that the largest drop in premature mortality is seen between. a. the average and excellent fitness groups. b. the least fit and moderately fit groups. c. the good and high fitness groups. d. the moderately fit and good fitness groups. e. the drop is similar between all fitness groups.

b. the least fit and moderately fit groups.

6. Which of the following is NOT a component of health-related fitness? a. cardiorespiratory endurance. b. body composition. c. agility. d. muscular strength and endurance. e. muscular flexibility.

c. agility.

9. During the last few decades, health care cosets in Canada. a. have decreased. b. have stayed about the same. c. have continued to increase. d. have increased in some years and decreased in others. e. are unknown.

c. have continued to increase.

3. The constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being is defined as a. health. b. physical fitness c. wellness. d. health-related fitness e. metabolic fitness.

c. wellness.

8. The leading cause of death in Canada is a. cancer. b. accidents. c. CLRD. d. diseases of the cardiovascular system. e. drug-related deaths.

d. diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Most people in Canada a. get adequate physical activity on a regular basis. b. meet health-related fitness standards. c. regularly participate in skill-related activities. d. Choices a, b, and c are correct. e. do not get sufficient physical activity to maintain good health.

e. do not get sufficient physical activity to maintain good health.

4. The ability to understand your own feelings and accept your limitations known as. a. mental wellness. b. social wellness. c. intellectual wellness. d. spiritual wellness. e. emotional wellness.

e. emotional wellness.