FlinnPrep Unit 8

The term ____ 1 ____ describes the habitat, feeding habits, and various behavioral characteristics of a organism. When members within a population begin to behave differently than other members, it can lead to _____ 2 _____ 1- A: niche B: microevolution C: genetic drift 2- A: gene flow B: niche differentiation C: allopatric speciation

1A 2B

Identify the items that are associated with each of the following effects. Sort the following scenarios: 1. Founder Effect 2. Bottleneck Effect A: A random event that fragments the population B: Industrial waster pollutes a lake and caused the death of 90% of a population of a fish species found only in that lake. C: A few individuals from a population of birds are blown to an island during a storm not previously colonized by the species D: A sudden environmental event that causes the population sized to decline

1AC 2BD

Match the evolutionary process with the correct scenario being described 1. Niche differentiation 2. Allopatric speciation 3. Bottleneck effect 4. Adaptive radiation A: Due to predators, the population of black robins declined to five individuals in the 1980s. After intensive conservation efforts, the species successfully increased to have about 250 individuals. However, very little genetic variation existed between the individuals putting them at risk from disease B: Two subspecies of house sparrows live in two different habitats. One subspecies prefers dense foliage and the other more open spaces C: Formation of The Grand Canyon resulted in new species of squirrels since the squirrels present in the northern and southern rims of the canyon could not interbreed D: Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of bird species with a common ancestor. Of the more than 50 documented species some feed on seeds and have thicker and stronger beaks; some feed on nectar and have long beaks to dip in flowers and others feed on insects and have sharp beaks, to name a few.

1B 2C 3A 4D

Match the phenomenon with the type of evolutionary mechanism 1. Adaptive Evolution 2. Genetic Drift A: Small population B: Natural selection C: Selective mating D: Gene flow

1BC 2AD

Sort the following scenarios into either Adaptive Evolution and Evolution by Chance 1. Adaptive Evolution 2. Evolution by Chance A: A few penguins drift on an iceberg to Arica and begin to reproduce and establish a colony B: In wooded areas, gray tree frogs are better camouflaged and reproduce more successfully than green tree frogs C: Female birds prefer males with longer and more brightly colored tails D: A mutation enables submerged roots of a plant to absorb dissolved gasses in water

1BC 2AD

Match the scenario with the selection process: 1. Disruptive selection 2. Stabilizing selection 3. Directional selection A: Influenced by the selective pressures of predation and food scarcity, pigeons evolved to lay clutch sizes of between five to fifteen eggs, instead of clutch sizes smaller than five and bigger than fifteen B: Influenced by crab predation, a population of relatively thin-shelled oysters evolved thicker shells that are more resistant to breakage C: African finches are seed feeders that have bills either large or small to feed on hard or soft seeds, respectively, and exhibit no intermediate bill size.

1C 2A 3B

At any given time in a region of Uganda, 3% of the population has sickle cell anemia. Their genotype is SS. What is the frequency of the S allele? A: 0.03 B: 0.17 C: 0.97 D: 0.83

B: 0.17

In a certain population, 6% are born with sickle-cell disease (homozygous recessive). If this group is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of the group is more resistant to malaria (heterozygous)? A: 0.15 B: 0.36 C: 0.43 D: 0.52

B: 0.36

In a population of salmon, the frequency of a recessive allele is 0.2. This trait is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What is the frequency of the dominant allele, assuming there are two alleles for the gene? A: 0.5 B: 0.8 C: 0.9 D: It cannot be determined

B: 0.8

At an African water hold in Namibia, it is common to see zebra, wildebeest and gazelle in the same ecosystem. What is a group of wildebeest considered? A: A community B: A population C: A genetically modified organism D: A niche

B: A population

What is it called when one species evolves into several species to fill available niches within the ecosystem? A: Niche differentiation B: Adaptive radiation C: Artificial selection D: Stabilizing selection

B: Adaptive radiation

Researchers, in an effort to determine the ancestry of Caribbean Anoles, took long-legged, tree dwelling anoles from large islands and placed them on seven islands without lizards due to hurricanes. These islands had no trees, just bushes. A male and female were placed on each island. The population drew to living on bush branches. Over several generations, limb length shortened. Which type of selection is occurring? A: Stabilizing selection B: Directional selection C: Disruptive selection D: Sexual selection

B: Directional selection

Which type of selection occurs when the extreme phenotypes are selected for and the intermediate phenotype is selected against? A: Directional selection B: Disruptive selection C: Sexual selection D: Stabilizing selection

B: Disruptive selection

A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees. The most common circumference is 3 cm. What would the average circumference of all the acorns be after 10 generations of directional selection? A: 3 cm B: Less than 3 cm OR greater than 3 cm C: Less than 3 cm AND greater than 3 cm D: None of the above

B: Less than 3 cm OR greater than 3 cm

Which of the following could cause allopatric speciation? A: Individuals of a species breed at different times of the year or day B: Mountains, lava flows, roads or rivers C: A courtship ritual of singing rather than dancing D: All of the above

B: Mountains, lava flows, roads or rivers

Which violations of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions influence evolution by chance? A: Small population size and natural selection B: Mutations and gene flow C: Small population and selective mating D: Gene flow and selective mating

B: Mutations and gene flow

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle, which TWO conditions contribute to stable allele frequencies in a population? A: Occurrence of multiple mutations. B: No natural selection. C: Occurrence of random mating. D: Small population sizes. E: Significant levels of gene flow.

B: No natural selection. C: Occurrence of random mating.

Which type of populations are susceptible to evolution by chance, such as genetic drift? A: Large populations B: Small populations C: Genetically diverse populations D: Populations in equilibrium

B: Small populations

Which of the following describes the concept of genetic drift? A: The collective genome of the individuals within a population. B: The change in frequency of alleles in a population due to decline in population size. C: The genetic change in a population that is beneficial to the survival and reproduction of a species. D: The movement of genes from one population to another due to migration.

B: The change in frequency of alleles in a population due to decline in population size.

Which of the following is an example of adaptive radiation? A: The mixing of genes between two populations of anoles due to migration between the two populations. B: Three new species of whales arising from a single ancestor following the extinction of the dinosaurs. C: Two populations of anoles do not mate because the color of the male's dewlap does not attract females from another population. D: Most whales going extinct because competition for resources increased.

B: Three new species of whales arising from a single ancestor following the extinction of the dinosaurs.

Microevolution, or the evolution of populations, is defined as A: the likelihood that a species will overproduce offspring. B: a change in allele frequencies of a population over generations. C: the explanation for how organic molecules formed from inorganic molecules. D: only being caused by natural selection.

B: a change in allele frequencies of a population over generations.

The movement of new genes into a population as a result of immigration results in A: the founder effect. B: gene flow. C: a bottleneck effect. D: a mutation.

B: gene flow.

The total alleles within a population that are able to be passed from parent to offspring is known as A: sexual selection. B: the gene pool. C: microevolution. D: the genome.

B: the gene pool.

A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees. The most common circumference is 3 cm. What would the average circumference of all the acorns be after 10 generations of stabilizing selection? A: 3 cm B: Less than 3 cm OR greater than 3 cm C: Less than 3 cm AND greater than 3 cm D: None of the above

A: 3 cm

Which type of selection occurs when the phenotype with the highest fitness is at one end of the distribution of phenotypes? A: Directional selection B: Disruptive selection C: Sexual selection D: Stabilizing selection

A: Directional selection

What causes immediate alterations to a gene pool? A: Mutations B: Natural selection C: Genetic variation D: Large population size

A: Mutations

Which scenario would cause natural selection to be slowed by gene flow? A: When the allele that is introduced in an environment decreases fitness. B: When the allele that is introduced in an environment is neutral to fitness (does not help or harm). C: When the allele that is introduced in an environment increases fitness. D: All of the above.

A: When the allele that is introduced in an environment decreases fitness.

The random change in allele frequency in a population is A: genetic drift. B: microevolution. C: adaptive evolution. D: gene flow.

A: genetic drift.

All individuals in a population of European starlings have nearly the same beak length. This is an example of A: stabilizing selection. B: directional selection. C: disruptive selection. D: none of the above.

A: stabilizing selection.

The sum of behaviors of members of a population, including what they eat, where they live, and what they used to move around is A: the ecological niche. B: temporal isolation. C: gene flow. D: habituation.

A: the ecological niche.

At any given time in a region in Uganda, 3% of the population has sickle cell anemia. What is the frequency of the AS genotype? A: 0.03 B: 0.17 C: 0.29 D: 0.69

C: 0.29

A scientist measures the circumference of acorns in a population of oak trees. The most common circumference is 3 cm. What would the average circumference of all the acorns be after 10 generations of disruptive selection? A: 3 cm B: Less than 3 cm OR greater than 3 cm C: Less than 3 cm AND greater than 3 cm D: None of the above

C: Less than 3 cm AND greater than 3 cm

A group of organisms of the same species that live in a geographic area, interact, breed and produce fertile offspring is known as A: a community. B: an ecosystem. C: a population. D: a biome.

C: a population.

In a certain population, 3% are born with a homozygous recessive genotype. If this population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage is heterozygous? A: 0.07 B: 0.1 C: 0.23 D: 0.28

D: 0.28

A population of deer shrinks from 800 adults to 500 adults due to a natural disaster. A rare genetic disorder is now twice as likely as it was before the event. What phenomenon explains why this may have occurred? A: Differential survival B: Natural selection C: Gene flow D: Founder effect

D: Founder effect

Which of the following is most likely to contribute to gene flow among populations? A: Sexual selection B: Genetic drift C: Artificial selection D: Migration

D: Migration

Which of the Hardy-Weinberg conditions is not met when gene flow occurs between populations? A: Large population size B: No mutations C: No natural selection D: No migration

D: No migration

The average clutch size for a Robin is four eggs. Smaller clutches may result in no viable offspring while larger clutches may result in malnourished chicks. Which type of selection is occurring? A: Directional selection B: Disruptive selection C: Sexual selection D: Stabilizing selection

D: Stabilizing selection

When environmental conditions favor one phenotype in a population and that phenotype is beneficial to survival and reproduction, the type of evolution is A: the founder effect. B: genetic drift. C: chance. D: adaptive evolution.

D: adaptive evolution.

Microevolution, or the evolution of populations, may result from A: natural selection. B: artificial selection. C: genetic drift. D: all of the above.

D: all of the above.

A population of pea plants in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for plant height has 3% homozygous recessive dwarf plants. Arrange the steps in the correct sequence to calculate the percentage of plants that are heterozygous. Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 A: √(0.03) = q B: 2 x 0.17 x 0.83 C: 3/100 = q^2 D: 1 - 0.17 = p

Step 1: C Step 2: A Step 3: D Step 4: B