Fluid&hemodynamic pt1

Congestive hepatomegaly

Nutmeg liver or ___ refers to the mottled appearance of the liver when afflicted with passive Hyperemia

Petechiae

Small hemorrhages, each less than 1 mm in diameter, in the skin or mucosae

Active hyperemia

Type of Hyperemia occurring after a faux pas; the resulting embarrassment caused facial blushing

Passive hyperemia

Type of Hyperemia occurring as right sided heart failure leads to congestive hepatomegaly

Reactive hyperemia

Type of Hyperemia occurring when a skier after spending hours in subzero temps returns to a warm room and his/her ears turn beet red

Passive hyperemia

Type of hyperemia occurring as deep vein thrombosis leads to edema and congestion of the legs

Hydrostatic edema

A type of edema caused by an increase in blood pressure, which forces more fluid out of the capillaries

Inflammatory edema

A type of edema caused by an increased permeability of capillary walls usually coupled with Hyperemia

Obstructive edema

A type of edema caused by blockage of lymphatic vessels which impairs fluid return to the cvs

Hypervolemic edema

A type of edema caused by retention of sodium and water, which expands the blood volume raising blood pressure and promoting hydrostatic edema

Hydrostatic edema

A type of edema seen when hypertension increases ultrafiltration or when cirrhosis liver causes increased back pressure (blood pressure in the hepatic portal vein

Liver

Oncotic edema caused by reduction of the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma is a typical feature of chronic failure of the _____

Melena

Passage of stool containing dark tar like streaks of discolored blood; due to bleeding from the upper GI tract (stomach, duodenum)

Transudation

May result in pitting edema

Purpurae

Medium sized hemorrhages, 1-10mm in diameter, in the skin or mucosae

Gastric ulcer

Melena is a typical consequence of ____

Hyperemia

A general term referring to excessive blood in an organ

Hematoma

A large mass of pre-existing blood which fills a pre-existing cavity

Oncotic edema

A type of edema caused by a decreased concentration of plasma proteins, which therefor extort lower osmotic pressure in the plasma

Hemoptysis

Bleeding from the respiratory tract with blood in the sputum

Hemopericardium

Bleeding into the pericardium

Hemoperitoneum

Bleeding into the peritoneum

Hemothorax

Bleeding into the pleural cavity

Hematuria

Blood in the urine

Hematochezia

Bright red blood in the stools due to bleeding from the Lower GI tract

Hyperemia

Causes the reddened cheeks in a person who is blushing

Passive hyperemia

Hyperemia resulting from an impediment to the exit of blood through normal venous pathways ie engorgement of an organ with venous blood

Reactive hyperemia

Hyperemia resulting from an increased supply of arterial blood following a period of blood flow interruption

Active hyperemia

Hyperemia resulting from an increased supply of blood from the arterial system

Passive hyperemia

Hyperemia sometimes referred to as congestion

Bulk flow

Is the most important process involving fluid exchanges between the plasma and interstitial fluids

Ecchymoses

Large blotchy bruises over 10mm in diameter on skin or mucosae

Ecchymoses Purpurae petechiae

List the hemorrhages from largest to smallest

Left sided heart failure

Pulmonary edema is a typical consequence of

Exudate

Refers to a plasma derived fluid that contains high levels of proteins and many blood cells (leukocytes and platelets); this fluid is typical of inflammation

Transudate

Refers to a plasma derived fluid that contains moderate levels of protein and few blood cells; this fluid is typical of many types of edema

Thoracic duct

Returns lymph draining from the legs and most of the abdominal cavity to the cardiovascular system

False

The majority of water in the human body is found in the blood plasma

Hypervolemic acid

The type of edema resulting from a kidney tumor hyper secreting renin and therefore disrupting the normal renin-angiostensin-aldosterone axis

Inflammatory edema

The type of edema seen as the body reacts locally to a bee sting or mosquito bite

Oncotic edema

The type of edema seen when a failing liver can no longer make adequate plasma proteins or when kidney disease results in severe proteinuria

Oncotic edema

The type of edema seen when a weeping burn causes the loss of a large amount of plasma protein

Obstructive edema

The type of edema seen when filariae worms colonize the lymphatic vessels causing elephatiasis

Metrorrhagia

Uterovaginal bleeding unrelated to menstruation

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood

Hematopericardium

What is not an example of edema

1500ml

What is the smallest amount of blood loss that could still be fatal for some people

Brachiocephalic and internal jugular veins

Where does the lymphatic system return excess fluid to the cardiovascular system

Pulmonary

___ edema refers to fluid accumulation in the alveoli of the lungs

Anasarca

___ refers to a generalized edema of the body

Edema

___ refers to an excess of fluid in the interstitial spaces or body cavities, i.e. A fluid imbalance favoring ultrafiltration over reabsorption

Hydropericardium

___ refers to fluid accumulation in the pericardium

Hydrothorax

___ refers to fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity

Hemorrhage

___ refers to loss of blood from the cardiovascular system

Periorbital

____ edema refers to fluid accumulation in the tissues surrounding the eyes and eye sockets

Lymphedema

____ occurs when lymphatics become blocked so lymphatic pressure rise and force lymph back out into the interstitial space

Ascites

____ refers to fluid accumulation in the peritoneum

Hyperemia

____ refers to increased blood flow to an organ or tissue; it denotes accumulation of blood in the peripheral circulation