Food and Culture

The Mormon Laws of Health involve avoidance of: alcohol only. caffeine only. hot drinks only. all of the above

All of the above

Regional variations in cuisine among central Europeans are minor with the exception of what country? Austria Armenia Hungary Switzerland Czech Republic

Armenia

General dietary guidelines forhealth that are similar to those of the U.S. have been developed for many countries, and usually include what concept(s)?

Balance and moderation

A meal is not a meal unless the traditional staple prepared in the traditional manner is served. Which of the following foods/beverages would make a meal complete in southern India? diced fruit and vegetables chutney boiled rice coffee or tea pickled vegetables

Boiled rice

Which plant used for food was indigenous to the Pacific Islands? coconuts bananas sugar cane pineapple breadfruit

Breadfruit

In Pakistan, the hot-cold system of foods encourages eating cold foods in winter and hot foods in the summer. True False

False

Pakistani Americans traditionally consume convenience foods for dinner after immigration due to a fast paced lifestyle. True False

False

Proper etiquette in Italy, Spain, and Portugal includes keeping the fork in the right hand at all times. True False

False

Puerto Ricans living in New York City have a difficult time finding ingredients for traditional dishes. True False

False

Religion-related food habits are the least variable of culturally based food habits.

False

What is a very popular way to prepare meat in South America? grilling stewing drying smoking boiling

Grilling

Which best describes dietary restriction of Buddhists? They must practice vegetarianism. Restrictions and practices vary widely depending on the sect and country. There are no restrictions. Monks are the only ones who restrict their diet.

Restrictions and practices vary widely depending on the sect and country.

What is the foundation of the Korean diet? soy fish meat rice noodles

Rice

In the mneumonic CRASH, the letter S stands for:

Sensitive

What term is used for the entire disease-illness process? Sickness Disease Illness Deficiency

Sickness

Which of the following is a common beverage for Southeast Asians? milk rice milk soy milk coconut milk almond milk

Soy milk

When eating at a home in the Middle East, the guest should always accept the offer of food; to refuse would be an insult to the host. True False

True

Traditional Ayurvedic medicine has a long and distinguished history. Match the translation of the word Ayurveda to its meaning. "Ayur" "Veda" Meaning: Therapy Longevity Science or knowledge Balance Health

"Ayur"- Longevity "Veda"- Science or knowledge

What was the typical traditional meal pattern of Native Americans in the Southwest and the Pacific Northwest? 2 meals per day 3 meals per day Many small meals throughout the day. 1 large meal per day.

2 meals per day

How does the incidence of type 2 diabetes among Native Americans (especially Plans and Southwest) compare to that of the general population? 1-2 times as great 2-4 times as great 2-4 times lower 1-2 times lower About the same.

2-4 times as great

Aproximately how many varieties of chile peppers are found in the tropical region of Mexico? 50 90 25 200

90

The major difference between Indian and Pakistani cuisine is the use of distinctive spices in Pakistan, influenced by what culture? Portuguese Arabic Spanish British East Asian

Arabic

Many Caribbean Islanders believe that being a little overweight is associated with well-being. associated with illness. protective against evil spirits. rare and therefore prized.

Associated with well-being

In China, where are special meals with guests typically celebrated? in the family home. at a restaurant. in the guest's home. outdoors. at a local religious center.

At a restaurant

Ineffective communicaton is likely to result in: compliance. noncompliance. rejection of treatment. A & B. B & C.

B & C

The lower rate of heart disease in the Mediterranean region is believed to be related to the high dietary intake of saturated fat. monounsaturated fats. omega-3 fatty acids. B & C All of the above.

B and C

After corn, what is the most important crop, for Native Americans in the southwestern region? Wheat Potatoes Soy Hominy Beans

Beans

Cornerstones of the daily diet in Central America are beans and corn corn and rice rice and beans rice and chiles

Beans and corn

The popular Russian-style soup borscht is made from which vegetable? Celery Potatoes Beets Tomatoes Onions

Beets

What type of beans is Cuban cuisine noted for? red beans black beans black-eyed peas refried beans kidney beans

Black beans

_____________ are a popular bean in Guatemala. Black beans Pinto beans Kidney beans Red beans Fava beans

Black beans

Match each common belief or practice to its Eastern religion. Common belief or practice: Belief in only one God and rules include following the "five K's" Less than 1% of Indians are adherants of this religion, despite its Indian origins This is the major religion of India. Beliefs include the concept that all living things have souls, resulting in strict vegetarianism The influence of this religion in India is strongest in the north. Eastern Religion: Buddhism Hinduism Sikhism Jainism Islam

Buddhism- Less than 1% of Indians are adherants of this religion, despite its Indian origins Hinduism- This is the major religion of India. Sikhism- Belief in only one God and rules include following the "five K's" Jainism- Beliefs include the concept that all living things have souls, resulting in strict vegetarianism Islam- The influence of this religion in India is strongest in the north.

Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders are 30% more likely to be diagnosed with ______ than are non-Hispanic whites, and in Hawaii, Native Hawaiian men have the highest mortality rate for all forms of this disease. osteoporosis hypertension obesity cancer diabetes

Cancer

Because the Navajo health system classifies illness by _____ rather than by symptom, clients may have difficulty understanding the necessity for a physical exam or medical history. treatment reaction cause length of illness

Cause

Which of the following is generally true regarding families in South America? The mother is the head of the household. Father share responsibilities related to the home. It is acceptable for women to work outside the home. Grandparents are not included in family decisions. Children often stay at home until marriage.

Children often stay at home until marriage.

The yin and yang system of dietary planning is dominant in what cultural group? Chinese American Hispanic Swedish

Chinese

Foods commonly eaten by the early Mayans included corn. seafood. rice. bread. pork.

Corn

The diet of South Americans is largely based on what staple? corn wheat rice soy beef

Corn

Which ingredient replaced the use of African staple starched in the traditional black southern diet? corn rice potatoes pasta couscous

Corn

What act defines dietary supplements as separate from food and drugs?

DSHEA

Which American food group is typically not consumed in Korea? dairy grains fruit vegetables protein (meat and seafood)

Dairy

How does the food intake behavior of the Chinese change as they become more acculturated? Decrease in complex carbohydrate intake Decrease in fat intake Decrease in protein intake Decrease in sugar intake Decreate in dietary variety.

Decrease in complex carbohydrate intake

Urbanization

Delocalization of food production and consumption connections

Age-adjusted mortality rates for Korean Americans are much higher than for the general population. True False

False

Although it used to be traditional for Spain and Italy to celebrate religious feast days, this custom is no longer followed. True False

False

Brazil's cuisine is a uniform throughout the country without much variation among the five regions. True False

False

Creole and Cajun are both the same type of food and these terms are used interchangeably. True False

False

Designing nutrition education messages is easier if the group being targeted is heterogeneous. True False

False

Fresh milk is widely consumed in the Balkans in addition to being used in cooking. True False

False

In the typical biomedical model, the health-care provider takes time to focus on the personal perceptions of the patient's illness. True False

False

On average, African American men living in high risk urban areas live the same number of years as Asian American women in general.

False

Pacific Islanders eat mainly native-grown foods. True False

False

The Filipino diet is lower in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol than the diet of any of the other Southeast Asians. True False

False

The health beliefs of Caribbean Islanders are unique among Latinos. True False

False

The importance of the extended family is a new African American tradition developed after arriving in America.

False

The preferred and predominant cooking preparation method used in Southern India is boiling. True False

False

True or false: Ethnicity has no relationship to health disparities in the United States

False

True or false? Urbanization of a population is associated with maintenance of traditional food habits.

False

Yin and yang refer to the Japanese calssification system of therapeutic food. True False

False

What is a core food of the Scandinavian diet? fish fruit berries aquavit beer

Fish

All of the following are considered pillars of food security except: Food preferences Food availability Food use Food access

Food preferences

Which of the following might be used as a definition of the biomedical viewpoint of health and wellness? For disease to be present, there must be a physical cause; get rid of the cause (i.e. virus) and the disease will be eliminated. All disease comes from the words "dis" meaning opposite and "ease" meaning comfort. Make sure the spirit world is "comforted" and disease will be cured (i.e. sacrifice something prized to the gods). Mind and body are one unit, and to treat disease both the intangible world of the mind and the physical body must be taken into consideration (treat the whole person within his or her enviroment for the symptom to resolve).

For disease to be present, there must be a physical cause; get rid of the cause (ex. bacteria or virus) and the disease will be eliminated

What is the traditional entree served on New Year's Eve in Scotland? Haggis Bangers and mash Fish and Chips Shepherd's pie Spice cake

Haggis

Match dishes with country of origin. Dishes: Polet roti a la creole (regional specialty) Papa seca (will need rehydration) Pasteles (at Christmas) Empadinhas (spicy shrimp mixture inside) Panettone (at celebrations and Christmas) Country: Argentina Puerto Rico Brazil Haiti Peru and Ecuador

Haiti: Polet roti a la creole (regional specialty) Peru and Ecuador: Papa seca (will need rehydration) Puerto Rico: Pasteles (at Christmas) Brazil: Empadinhas (spicy shrimp mixture inside) Argentina: Panettone (at celebrations and Christmas)

Which Caribbean culture is especially concerned with flow of blood in relation to illness? Haitian Dominican Cuban Jamaican Puerto Rican

Haitian

What is the term for addressing the experience of illness, alleviating the infirmities of the sick, and responding to the personal, familial and social issues surrounding sickness? Cure Holistic medicine Treatment Healing

Healing

Which of the following is a populat home remedy in Central America? taking vitamin pills herbal teas rubbing with a hot coin stone massage

Herbal teas

In which type of culture is the individual usually defined by group association? High context Low-context Interactive-context Community-context

High context

The Mediterranean diet has what key characteristic? Low intake of phytochemicals High relative intakes of animal (saturated) fats High relative intakes of monounsaturated fats Low intake of fish Low intake of complex carbohydrates

High relative intakes of monounsaturated fats

What significant health problem for African Americans is a potent risk factor for coronary heart disease in blacks? Hypertension Anemia Diabetes Obesity

Hypertension

Which of the following diet-related diseases are associated with the dietary patterns of low socio-economic African Americans? (Choose all that apply.) hypertension overweight and obesity sickle cell disease type 2 diabetes pica

Hypertension Overweight and obesity Type 2 diabetes

Match each dish with its proper name. Dish: Iranian porridge of meat and vegetables Serbian cheese and egg pie Iranian rice pilaf Greek meatballs Greek butter cookie Serbian national beef dish Proper name: Kourabiedes Gibanjica Halim Pljeskavica Kofta Polo

Kourabiedes- Greek butter cookie Gibanjica- Serbian cheese and egg pie Halim- Iranian porridge of meat and vegetables Pljeskavica- Serbian national beef dish Kofta- Greek meatballs Polo- Iranian rice pilaf

What African American holiday was created in 1966 to celebrate the unity of all people of African heritage? Juneteenth Sukuma wiki Family Sunday African New Year Kwanzaa

Kwanzaa

What is the proper term used to describe people originally from Mexico? Latino Mexican Hispanic Spanish Mestizos

Latino

Elaborate rules regarding food and drink for followers of Hinduism are meant to do what? Lead to nirvana Lead to heaven Lead to purity of mind and spirit Lead to religious freedom

Lead to purity of mind and spirit

Which of the following is NOT part of the Islamic dietary laws? Share food. Never throw food away. Wash hands and mouth before and after meals. Left hand only for eating.

Left hand only for eating

Fasting in the Roman Catholic church invovled abstaining from: all food and ddrink for 24 hours. meat. meat, dairy, and eggs. all food, but drinks are okay

Meat

Which of the following statements is true about the current socioeconimic status for Native Americans? Unemployment is slightly higher than for the total population. Median earnings are about 25% less than average. The overall poverty rate is nearly half that of the general population. 24% have not finished high school or the equivalent.

Median earnings are about 25% less than average.

The Amish are a sect of Lutherans Anglicans Mormons Mennonites

Mennonites

What is the term used to describe Mexicans of mixed Indian and Spanish ancestry? Hispanics Chicanos Braceros Mestizos Latinos

Mestizos

Disparities related to health in the United States are seen in which of the following categories?

Mortality rates Chronic disease incidence Access to care

What are the parts of an animal that are often discarded, such as lamb's brain or pig's tail? mirepoix veloute offal trifle sweetbreads

Offal

What is the name of the German festival that is celebrated in the fall and characterized by enjoying polka music, beer, and sausages? Royal Wedding Festival Oktoberfest Butter Festival Easter Lederhosen

Oktoberfest

In Mexico, an illness is almost always perceived as being due to what? outside forces psychological angst punishment from God bad health lack of cleanliness

Outside forces

What is the popular noodle-based soup in Vietnam? pho poi cha gio piarun

Pho

___________ is the practice of eating nonnutritive substances such as clay or chalk.

Pica

Polish-style dumplings filled with meat, bacon, potatoes, or fruit are called: pierogi. kotlety. shnitzel. Maultaschen. Kulebiaka.

Pierogi

Match each dish with its country of origin. Dish: Gulyas Sauerbraten Chicken Kiev Kielbasa Knodel Country: Poland Germany Russia Hungary

Poland: Kielbasa Germany: Sauerbraten Knodel Russia: Chicken Kiev Hungary: Gulyas

A cornmeal mush that is often served with cheese or sauce in Italy is known as Risotto Panettone Burrida Polenta Orzo

Polenta

All of the following are regional cooking styles of the Philippines except: Luzon Bicolandia Viscayan Islands Polynesian Mindanao

Polynesian

What type of evaluation keeps track of progress throughout the educational program? Process Summative Public Complex

Process

Globalization

Products produced in distant parts of the world are eaten in another country

In nutrition education, triangulation relate to a method of checking: program delivery. program delivery channels. program design. program marketing. none of the above

Program design

Which is an example of an incorporation of food association?

Rare meat to build muscle Walnuts to improve brain function

Which statement BEST defines obesity concerns with the Native American population? There are no greater cocerns witin the Native America population than with the general American population. Rates for obesity for Native Americans are 20% below the national average. The preferred body weight is lower than the average American so obesity is rare. Rates for obesity for Native Americans are 20% above the national average, and the Native American preference for a heavier body weight makes treatment for obesity more difficult.

Rates for obesity for Native Americans are 20% above the national average, and the Native American preference for a heavier body weight makes treatment for obesity more difficult.

Traditional health beliefs and practices for Native Americans are based on: traditional biomedicine. relationship to nature. prayer. herbal remedies.

Relationship to nature

Traditional Native American religions vary, yet they share one characteristic that: Religion permeates all aspects of life. Religion is a separate set of beliefs practiced at certain times. Religion is remarkably similar to Christianity. Religion connects all tribes.

Religion permeates all aspects of life.

Which of the following is NOT a staple food crop in Africa? cassava millet peanuts rye plantains

Rye

Clarified butter is referred to as ____________ in the Balkans and Middle East. samana dolma musaka ghee aleppo

Samana

What is the term coined in the 1960's associated with fresh meats and vegetables made from scratch and thoroughly cooked? real food heavy food soul food pone food black food

Soul food

Which of the following is not a key starch source in the South Pacific diet? breadfruit soursop taro root cassava yams

Soursop

Hopi Indians from what region were known for using 20 different varieties of corn. Southwest South Northeast Plains Northwest

Southwest

Which European country is the largest producer of olives in the world? Italy Spain Portugal Greece France

Spain

Which ceremony in Japan represents the search for harmony with nature and within self? tea ceremony marriage ceremony birth ceremony death ceremony ikebana ceremony

Tea ceremony

Modernization

Technological advances which lead to the production of food commodities

What is the main difference between Chinese and Japanese cuisine? In China, noodles are the staple whereas rice is the staple in Japan. The Chinese use chopsticks. The Japanese place a greater emphasis on the appearance of the meal. The variety of ingredients used in Japan is greater. The Japanese do not use soybeans in their cooking.

The Japanese place a greater emphasis on the appearance of the meal.

Which of the following is a definition of culture?

The beliefs, attitudes, values, and practices of a community of individuals

Migration

The movement of populations from one country, region, or location to another

Enculturation

The process of learning culturally specific preferences passed from generation to generation

Thinness is often associated with poor diet and disease in all of the following cultures except: African Caribbean Islander Middle Eastern American Indian Thinness is associated with disease in all of these cultures.

Thinness is associated with disease in all of these cultures.

What is the flat bread of Mexico called? fry bread tortillas sopas griddle cakes wheat bread

Tortillas

"Cultural imposition" can be defined as a tendency for heath personnel to impose their beliefs, practices, and values upon another culture becase they believe their views are superior.

True

"Hot" and "cold" associations between food and health would suggest that a "cold" condition be treated with a "hot" food for health maintenance.

True

50% of African American families are headed by single women.

True

After immigration, it becomes more popular for Mexican Americans to drink low- or non-fat milk and eat aged cheeses.

True

British meat dishes often include flavorful types of chutney that originated from India. True False

True

During Vietnamese meals, all of the dishes are served at the same time. True False

True

In Korea generational ties, or family layalties, are more important than those of marriage. True False

True

In the Middle East, cuisine often features fruits combined with meat-based dishes. True False

True

Italian cooking style varies by region True False

True

Koreans almost always eat soup at breakfast along with rice. True False

True

Local availability and surplus of food determined the diet of slaves in America.

True

Many Japanese etiquette rules are similar to those of the Chinese. True False

True

Pakistani men have higher incidence of diabetes than Asian Indian men. True False

True

Portuguese meal patterns are similar to those of Spain. True False

True

Samoans believe eating the wrong foods can cause dislocation of the to'ala. True False

True

Scandanavians are likely to avoid discussing illness, which may mean that they seek medical attention at later stages of disease.

True

Some form of meat, poultry or fish is present at most meals, in addition to eggs and cheese, in Ireland and Great Britain. True False

True

Studies have shown that Japanese American elders may have a low intake of calcium. True False

True

The British family structure reflects the majority family structure of Americans today. True False

True

The Pennsylvania Dutch still form a cohesive ethnic community of German descendants.

True

The Yucatan peninsula is geographically isolated from the rest of Mexico and has its own regional cuisine.

True

The dietary laws that are a part of the Islamic religion are called halal, and eating food until completely full is encouraged as a sign of appreciating God's bounty.

True

The traditional diet of the nations bordering the Mediterranean is high in monounsaturated fat. True False

True

The traditional food habits of Native Americans were influences primarily by geography and climate. True False

True

The unemployment rate of black Americans is nearly twice that of white Americans.

True

Traditionally, Russian families were larger than those in the United States and then decreased in size after immigration.

True

Many botanical remedies are derived from plants and herbs. In general, the term "botanical" would include: leafy parts only used in teas. leafy parts and roots used in tisanes. all therapeutic parts of all plants. roots only, especially ground up and used in supplements. all tparts that contain antioxidants.

all therapeutic parts of all plants.

High-context cultures usually

are polychronistic.

In Greece the main meal, eaten in the afternoon, starts with appetizers such as: kebabs baba ganouj liptao orme tarator

baba ganouj

What meat is always avoided in the Hindu religion? Chicken Pork Beef Fish

beef

Bread is often used as asymbol in many cultures. A symbolic use of bread might mean:

bread representing an association with a religious value. bread type (whole wheat versus white) being used to show higher or lower status.

What are the four meals of the day in Great Britain? breakfast, lunch, supper, and dinner breakfast, brunch, tea, and supper breakfast, lunch, tea, and the evening meal breakfast, lunch, supper, and tea

breakfast, lunch, tea, and the evening meal

What are masalas in South Asia? distinctive mixtures of spices spices and seeds offered after the meal to aid digestion a variety of chutneys offered at meals a mixture of vegetables and herbs served in pastry meat dishes that are popular in northern areas of India.

distinctive mixtures of spices

Which aspect of their life in Cambodia has been most difficult to retain in the United States? cuisine religious beliefs health practicces holiday celebrations family structure

family structure

in the Islamic faith, unlawful (prohibited) foods are called: haram. halal. mashbooh. kosher.

haram

Low-context cultues usually

have a high tolerance for ambiguity. regard actual words as more important than how they are said. favor a communication style that is high on content and low on relationship

Jewish dietary laws are called kosher. seder. kashrut. halal.

kashrut

Seventh-Day Adventists are typically: vegan. lacto-ovo vegetarian. lacto-vegetarian. pescatarian.

lacto-ovo-vegetarian

The consecutive or concurrent use of multiple health care systems is called: biomedical healing. dual medicine. medical pluralism. ayurvedic medicine.

medical pluralism.

In the "iceberg model of multicultural influences on communication", the iceberg analogy is used because: much of what affects communication can be determined by looking very closely for clues. musch of what affects communication "freezes out" the two parties involved if the message content is not correctly stated. much of what affects commincation is unseen and not readily apparent. all of the above. none of the above.

much of what affects commincation is unseen and not readily apparent.

For Southeast Asians, which of the following factors promotes health and helps prevent illness? imbalance between hot and cold malevolent spirits respect for one's ancestors not having enough accumulated merit

respect for one's ancestors

The rate of which disease decreases with acculturation of Japanese Americans? cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes stomach cancer obesity colon cancer

stomach cancer

The need for humans to experiment with food choices, but at the same time be conservative with them, is called:

the omnivore's paradox

The ultimate stage for th provider to reach in becoming skilled at cross-cultural communciations is: unconscious incompetence. conscious incompetence. conscious competence. unconscious competence.

unconscious competence.

There is a high incidence of lactose intolerance among Native Americans with a high percentage of Native American heritage. True False

True

There is a high incidence of low-birthweight infants among African Americans.

True

True or false: Traditional food choices are among the last factors to change in the process of acculturation.

True

What is the Greek herbal cure for a sore throat? honey and lemon castor oil chamomile quinine rose hips

honey and lemon