Formal logic chapter 4

The following problems provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. Determine how the new statement was derived from the given statement and supply the truth value of the new statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint in working these problems and assume that the terms refer to actually existing things. 1. Some A are B (F) new: Some A are not B Operation: Truth value: 2.Some non-A are non-B (F) new: Some B are A Operation: Truth Value:

1. Operation: Subcontrary Truth Value: True 2. Operation: Contraposition Truth Value: Undertermined

The following problems provide a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an operation/relation in italics to be performed on that statement. Supply the new statement and the truth value of the new statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint in working these problems and assume that the terms refer to actually existing things 1. All A are B. (T) Contrary New Statement: Truth Value: 2. Some A are non-B. (F) Obversion New Statement: Truth Value:

1. New statement: No A are B Truth Value: False 2. New Statement: Some A or not B Truth Value: False

Find the following for the given categorical proposition: "No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers." 1. The quality 2. The quantity 3. The distributed term(s) 4. The letter name for the proposition

1. Negative 2. Universal 3. Both subject and predicate 4. E

Find the following for the given categorical proposition: "Some teaching careers are rewarding occupations." 1. The subject term is 2. The copula is 3. The quantifier is 4. The predicate term is

1. SUBJECT TERM IS: Teaching Careers 2. COPULA IS: Are 3. QUANTIFIER IS: Some 4. PREDICATE TERM IS: Rewarding occupations

Use conversion, obversion, or contraposition to determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some student loans are not lifetime burdens.Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.

Invalid, Illicit conversation

Use the traditional square of opposition to determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. If the argument is invalid, name the fallacy committed. Some pain killers are not addictive medicines.Therefore, some pain killers are addictive medicines.

Invalid, Illicit subcontrary

Consider the following categorical proposition: "All Emmy winners are celebrities" Find the resulting proposition if both the quantity and the quality are changed

Some Emmy winners are not celebrities.

Consider the following categorical proposition: "No soccer balls are tetrahedrons." Find the resulting proposition if the quantity but not the quality is changed

Some soccer balls are not tetrahendrons

Determine if the following immediate inference is valid from the Boolean standpoint, valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. You may use Venn diagrams or the Squares of Opposition. All holiday parades are colorful events.Therefore, some holiday parades are colorful events.

Valid from Aristotelian standpoint

Determine if the following immediate inference is valid from the Boolean standpoint, conditionally valid from the Aristotelian standpoint, or invalid. You may use Venn diagrams or the Squares of Opposition. It is false that some A are not B.Therefore, All A are B.

valid from Boolean standpoint