formulas SECOND&THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCE CONSTRUCTIONS covered by individual flashcards included in this set created for chart of all 18 different tenses so far only KWIZIQ defining NAMES link: https://spanish.kwiziq.com/spanish-tense-names

Conditional Perfect Expresses an action that would have or might have happened in the past AKA Past Conditional "Condicional Compuesto" AKA "Antepospretérito" or aka "El Condicional Perfecto" yo habría jugado, tú habrías comido, habría sido

El Condicional Perfecto Spanish Past Conditional El Condicional Perfecto also known as El Condicional Compuesto and El Antepospretérito https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/condicional-perfecto El Condicional Perfecto is the past tense of the conditional mood, which expresses actions that would have or might have happened in the past (@ 2:50 AM 1/19 JANUARY @ this reasoning makes sense why the third conditional si clause conditional sentences construction uses either this or the @ 4:35 am 1/20 january not SURE IF THIS IS RIGHT @ *Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive* *El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo also known as El Antepretérito* ?conjugating the past PERFECT of the verb haber within the subjunctive mood? for impossible events). It's about missed opportunities and unrealized potential. In English the past conditional is formed with ''would have'' + the past participle of the main verb, while in Spanish it is formed like this: haber in El Condicional Simple + the past participle of the main verb For example: El habría venido a casa antes si no hubiera llovido=He would have come home earlier if it had not rained. Me habría gustado ir contigo=I would have liked to go with you.

El Presente Present Tense, Simple Present Presente yo juego, tú comes soy Expresses what happens or is happening

El Presente Spanish Present tense El presente de indicativo is the present tense of the indicative mood. It's used to express current actions and states of being. https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/presente-de-indicativo The simple present tense in Spanish is equivalent to the English simple present. Look at and listen to these examples: Yo hablo mucho.I talk a lot. Él es alto.He is tall. Ellos trabajan en un hospital.They work in a hospital. Note that whilst Spanish, like English, has a continous form (estoy hablando - I'm talking), the simple present form is commonly used where in English we would use the present continuous/progressive form. In English, it often sounds very strange to *use the simple present for something that's happening or about to happen, but it's completely normal in Spanish*. Consider: "¿Que haces?""Muevo las cajas." It would be totally weird to translate this as: "What (do) you do?""I move the boxes." Instead a more natural translation would be: "What are you doing?""I'm moving the boxes." See also: Spanish Present Tenses and All Spanish Tenses Lessons with more detail on El Presente Using me llamo [name] - to say your name in SpanishConjugate ser in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Stem-changing verbs in Spanish: -er verbs (o > ue) in the present tense (El Presente)Using the subjunctive or the indicative after tal vez and quizás to express doubt in SpanishConjugate reflexive verbs in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate regular -ir verbs in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Using desde (hace) with the present instead of the perfect tense to express since/forAunque + the present indicative vs the present subjunctive in SpanishConjugate estar in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate ir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate tener in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate poner in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate ver in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate venir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate salir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate dar in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate decir and its derivatives in the present tense in Spanish: predecir, bendecir, maldecir (El Presente)Conjugate oler in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate regular -ar verbs in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate regular -er verbs in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing -ir verbs (e > i): competir, reír, servir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate poder in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate soler in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing -ir verbs in the present tense in Spanish (e > ie) (El Presente)Conjugate leer in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate saber in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate traer and caer in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate oír in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)-uir verbs in Spanish: Conjugate huir and construir in present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate -ducir verbs: traducir and conducir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate hacer in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate pensar in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate haber in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate querer in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate sentir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate preferir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate entender in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing -ar verbs in the present tense in Spanish (e > ie) (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing (e > ie) -er verbs in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing (e > i) verbs: corregir and elegir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing (e > i) and (gu > g) verbs: seguir, conseguir, perseguir in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing verb pedir (e > i) in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate jugar in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing -ar verbs (o > ue) in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate stem-changing -ir verbs (o > ue) in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Conjugate recordar, acordar and acordarse (o > ue) stem-changing -ar verbs in the present tense (El Presente)Using doler in Spanish to say that something hurtsSpanish present tense consonant change c > zc in -cer/-cir verbsSpanish present tense consonant change c>z in -cer/-cir verbsUsing the present tense in Spanish to express general facts (El Presente)Using the present tense in Spanish in order to refer to a future action (only future time indications)Using the Spanish present progressive/continuous instead of the present (El Presente Progresivo vs El Presente)Conjugate caber in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)How to say I have / you have in Spanish (possession)Si [if] followed by present indicative + main clause [command/request/advice]Conjugate deber in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Mientras with the present indicative or the present subjunctive in SpanishConjugate stem-changing (g > j) verbs: -ger and -gir verbs in the present tense in Spanish (El Presente)Using El Presente to order, advise or make a requestUsing El Presente to narrate past eventsSpanish perception verbs: Most verbs of perception usually use the present, not the modal poderSpanish -uar verbs in the present tense (El Presente: actuar, continuar)Some Spanish -iar verbs in the present tense take an accent (liar, enviar, criar)Using the present tense in Spanish for making suggestions

PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE Expresses what has happened or what will have happened AKA "El Pretérito Perfecto del Subjuntivo" AKA "Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto de Subjuntivo" AKA "Antepresente" yo haya jugado, tú hayas comido, haya sido used with specific expressions to refer to finalized actions in the past or finalized actions in the future. *present perfect SUBJUNCTIVE* = present subjunctive conjugations [haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan] + past participle To form the *PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE:* conjugate "haber" in the PRESENT tense of the SUBJUNCTIVE mood (making the auxiliary verb agree with the subject [not the object] of the sentence) and then combine with the past participle form of the main verb

El Pretérito Perfecto del Subjuntivo Spanish present perfect subjunctive "El Pretérito Perfecto del Subjuntivo" also known as "El Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto de Subjuntivo" and "El Antepresente" https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/preterito-perfecto-del-subjuntivo "El Pretérito Perfecto del Subjuntivo" is *used with specific expressions to refer to finalized actions in the PAST or finalized actions in the FUTURE.* Look at and listen to these examples for finalized actions in the past: (you=tú) Me alegro de que hayas viajado a diferentes países=I am pleased that you have travelled to different countries. Espero que el chico haya comido bien=I hope that the boy has eaten well. No creo que nosotros hayamos corrido tantos kilómetros=I don't believe that we have run that many kilometers. No pienso que vosotros hayáis dormido lo suficiente=I don't think that you all have slept enough. Espero que ellos hayan conseguido el trabajo=I hope that they have got the job. Now look at these examples for finalized actions in the future: Cuando hayas hecho tus deberes puedes ir a jugar fuera=When you have done your homework [then] you can go play outside. Tan pronto como haya almorzado iré a tu casa=As soon as I have had lunch I will go to your house. Solo te compraré el móvil después de que hayas aprobado el curso=I will buy you the mobile phone only after you have passed the course. Espero que mi jefe me haya pagado el próximo viernes=I hope my boss will have paid me by next Friday.

Explanation QUICK ANSWER In Spanish, the preterite progressive tense, also called the preterite continuous tense, is used to talk about something that was going on at some point in the past. EXAMPLESHoy me estuve muriendo de frío.I was freezing cold today. How to Form the Preterite Progressive The preterite progressive is formed using the verb estar (to be) in the preterite, plus a present participle. Preterite Progressive Formula estar in preterite + present participle Let's review the conjugation of estar in the preterite and the formation of present participles! Estar in the Preterite SUBJECTSPANISHENGLISHyoestuveI wastúestuvisteyou wereél, ella, ustedestuvohe/she was; you werenosotrosestuvimoswe werevosotrosestuvisteisyou wereellos, ellas, ustedesestuvieronthey were; you were Forming Present Participles Regular present participles are formed as follows: Present Participle of -ar verb verb stem + -ando (Example: hablando ) Present Participle of -er or -ir verb verb stem + -iendo (Examples: escribiendo , comiendo) Learn more about regular and irregular present participles here! Examples of the Preterite Progressive Now that you know how to form the preterite progressive, check out these examples of the preterite progressive tense in Spanish. EXAMPLESEstuvimos estudiando todo el fin de semana.We were studying all weekend.¿Por cuánto tiempo estuviste caminando?For how long were you walking?Ese perro estuvo durmiendo tres días debajo de nuestro porche.That dog was sleeping under our porch for three days. Feeling progressive? Check out our articles on these other progressive tenses in Spanish! present progressive imperfect progressive future progressive conditional progressive

Explanation QUICK ANSWER In Spanish, the preterite progressive tense, also called the preterite continuous tense, is used to talk about something that was going on at some point in the past. EXAMPLES Hoy me estuve muriendo de frío. I was freezing cold today. How to Form the Preterite Progressive The preterite progressive is formed using the verb estar (to be) in the preterite, plus a present participle. Preterite Progressive Formula estar in preterite + present participle Let's review the conjugation of estar in the preterite and the formation of present participles! Estar in the Preterite SUBJECT SPANISH ENGLISH yo estuve I was tú estuviste you were él, ella, usted estuvo he/she was; you were nosotros estuvimos we were vosotros estuvisteis you were ellos, ellas, ustedes estuvieron they were; you were Forming Present Participles Regular present participles are formed as follows: Present Participle of -ar verb verb stem + -ando (Example: hablando ) Present Participle of -er or -ir verb verb stem + -iendo (Examples: escribiendo , comiendo ) Learn more about regular and irregular present participles here! Examples of the Preterite Progressive Now that you know how to form the preterite progressive, check out these examples of the preterite progressive tense in Spanish. EXAMPLES Estuvimos estudiando todo el fin de semana. We were studying all weekend. ¿Por cuánto tiempo estuviste caminando? For how long were you walking? Ese perro estuvo durmiendo tres días debajo de nuestro porche. That dog was sleeping under our porch for three days. Feeling progressive? Check out our articles on these other progressive tenses in Spanish! present progressive imperfect progressive future progressive conditional progressive

PRETERITE OR AKA Simple Past AKA "Pretérito Perfecto Simple" AKA "El Pretérito Indefinido" AKA "Pretérito" Expresses an action completed in the past yo jugué, tú comiste, fui

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/preterito-indefinido

ONLY THE FIRST POSSIBLE WAY AMONG TWO CORRECT FORMS FOR FORMING THE PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE AKA PAST PERFECT TENSE IN THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD BECAUSE ITS CONJUGATED USING EITHER OF THE TWO POSSIBLE FORMS OF THE IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE -SE FORM OR -RA FORM @ 12/22 DECEMBER 1:13 AM "hubieras tomado"="the PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tense" THIS IS REFERRING TO THE "PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE" WHICH IS A COMLETELY DIFFERENT TENSE WITH ITS OWN SEPARATE QUIZLET SET ENTITLED: https://quizlet.com/_9wn9zt?x=1jqt&i=4gt05 past perfect subjunctive AKA pluperfect subjunctive (el pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo) SPANISHDICT ENFOREX.com 121spanish.com 6/12 ORIGINAL QUOTE DIRECTLY COPIED&PASTED FROM google docs NOTES ABOUT THE IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE: 6/17 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rLAyH97XMQ2a46k_edzBB3Yw8PH45YTY3hkTpniP5PA/edit#heading=h.y5byw9keb5ua You can use the past perfect in the subjunctive in the same way as in the indicative past perfect by conjugating the verb haber and adding the past participle (-ado, -ido form). This is then for talking about a hypothetical, doubted or emotionally commented on "past before the past." Le impresionó mucho que hubieras tomado clases de baile. — She was very impressed that you had taken dance classes. 12/23 DECEMBER 2:07 AM @ DELETE REPHRASING ATTEMPTS@REPHRASING: just like how the pluperfect is formed by using the past perfect tense in the subjunctive mood in the same way as in the indicative past perfect by conjugating the verb haber and adding the past participle (-ado, -ido form). This is then for talking about a hypothetical, doubted or emotionally commented on "past before the past." just like how the past perfect tense was used in the indicative mood to form the pluperfect by combining the imperfect conjugation of haber ( with the past participle is formed by using the past perfect tense can also be used in the subjunctive mood in the same way as in the indicative past perfect by conjugating the verb haber and adding the past participle (-ado, -ido form). This is then for talking about a hypothetical, doubted or emotionally commented on "past before the past." 6/13 attempt rephrasing flashcard above @ 11:42 am just like how the PLUPERFECT usesZ the PAST PERFECT tense in the INDICATIVE mood which is formed by combining the past participle form of the main verb with the auxiliary verb haber conjugated in the simple IMPERFECT tense, the PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE uses the PAST PERFECT tense in the SUBJUNCTIVE mood which is formed by combining the past participle form of the main verb with the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tense conjugations of the auxiliary verb haber before 6/5 just like how the past perfect tense was used in the indicative mood to form the pluperfect by combining the imperfect conjugation of haber ( with the past participle is formed by using the past perfect tense can also be used in the subjunctive mood in the same way as in the indicative past perfect by conjugating the verb haber and adding the past participle (-ado, -ido form). This is then for talking about a hypothetical, doubted or emotionally commented on "past before the past." before 6/5 just like how the past perfect tense was used in the indicative mood to form the pluperfect by combining the imperfect conjugation of haber ( with the past participle is formed by using the past perfect tense can also be used in the subjunctive mood in the same way as in the indicative past perfect by conjugating the verb haber and adding the past participle (-ado, -ido form). This is then for talking about a hypothetical, doubted or emotionally commented on "past before the past."

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ltab-JOh3rxQ0XKjO7I1wKxejjCebWng4aqjpmDZ-_o/edit

El Condicional SimpleConditionalCondicional ImperfectoPospretérito yo jugaría, tú comerías sería Expresses a hypothetical action that would or might happen in the future

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/el-condicional-simple

El Imperfecto SubjuntivoImperfect SubjunctiveImperfecto de Subjuntivo yo jugara, tú comieras fuera Expresses an imperfect action or state in the subjunctive mood

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/el-imperfecto-subjuntivo

kwiziq *Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive* AKA PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE ACCORDING TO SPANISHDICT.COM AND ENFOREX & "hubieras tomado" past before the past dancing example *Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive* FORMULA=either of the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE endings -se or -ra conjugating haber+the past participle form of the main verb *El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo also known as El Antepretérito* yo hubiera jugado, tú hubieras comido hubiera sido Expresses an action completed before another action in the past (literary)

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/el-preterito-pluscuamperfecto-de-subjuntivo El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo *Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive* *El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo also known as El Antepretérito* El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo is used to express actions that hypothetically might have taken place in the past under other circumstances. (@ 2:50 AM 1/19 JANUARY @ this reasoning makes sense why the third conditional si clause conditional sentences construction uses either this or the conditional PERFECT mood for impossible events) El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo is formed using: Haber in El Pretérito Imperfecto del Subjuntivo + past participle Look at these examples: Ellos hubiesen venido.They would have come. Ella hubiera venido.She would have come.

El Futuro PerfectoFuture Perfect Antefuturo yo habré jugado, tú habrás comido, habré sido Expresses what will have happened at some point in the future

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/futuro-perfecto

El Futuro PróximoNear Future voy a jugar, vas a comer voy a ser Expresses what is going to happen

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/futuro-proximo

El Futuro SimpleFuture, Simple FutureFuturo ImperfectoFuturo yo jugaré, tú comerás seré Expresses what will happen

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/futuro-simple

El ImperativoImperative ¡come! ¡bailad! ¡id! ¡hablemos!Expresses a command, request or advice

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/imperativo

Los Pasados ProgresivosPast Progressive, Past ContinuousPasado Continuo yo estaba jugando, tú estabas comiendo estaba siendo Past action in progress (in the past)

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/los-pasados-progresivos Los Pasados Progresivos Past progressives Los pasados progresivos in Spanish are past tenses that express actions that were in progress in the past. In Spanish there are four past progressive tenses: El Indefinido Progresivo Ella estuvo bailando con ese chico toda la noche.She was dancing with that guy all night. El Imperfecto progresivo Yo estaba planchando cuando llegó mi madre.I was ironing when my mother arrived. El Pretérito Perfecto Progresivo Hemos estado hablando sobre las próximas vacaciones.We have been talking about the next holidays. El Pluscuamperfecto Progresivo Tú habías estado jugando al rugby en el parque.You had been playing rugby in the park. Lessons with more detail on Los Pasados Progresivos Forming the progressive imperfect with estar + gerund (El Imperfecto progresivo/contínuo))Forming the progressive preterite tense in Spanish with estar + gerundio (past progressive)El Imperfecto progresivo vs El Indefinido progresivo (was +ing)Forming the present perfect progressive tense in Spanish with estar + gerund (El Pretérito Perfecto Progresivo)Forming the pluperfect progressive tense in Spanish with estar + gerund (pluperfect progressive) Find your Spanish level for FREE Test your Spanish to the CEFR standard Find your Spanish level Why not share the love?! FacebookTwitterEmailPrint

El Presente de Subjuntivo Subjunctive, Present Subjunctive Subjuntivo yo juegue, tú comas yo sea Expresses subjectivity in a subordinate clause

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/presente-de-subjuntivo Spanish present subjunctive El presente de subjuntivo is the present tense of the subjunctive mood. It is used after certain conjunctions, expressions, and verbs to indicate some sort of subjectivity, such as a wish, doubt, fear, necessity, possibility, as well as to express a judgment of personal value or obligation. For example Es injusto que lo dejes=It is unfair that you should leave it. Me extraña que no esté aquí hoy=I'm surprised he's not here today. Hablaremos más, tan pronto como sepa algo=We'll talk more as soon as I know something.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (El Presente Progresivo") OR AKA Present Continuous Presente Continuo Describes a present action that is in progress. "I am/You are _____ing" Formula=the verb estar conjugated in the present tense+present participle form of the action verb ending in -ando or -iendo yo estoy jugando, tú estas comiendo, estoy siendo

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/presente-progresivo El Presente Progresivo Present Continuous (progressive) El Presente Progresivo also known as El Presente Continuo El Presente Progresivo describes a present action that is in progress at the moment of the discourse. In English this tense is called the present continuous (progressive).This is how to form El Presente Progresivo: estar [in the present tense] + gerund of second verb Look at and listen to these examples: Yo estoy hablando con mi madre.I am talking with my mother.Tú estás corriendo la maratón.You are running the marathon.Ella está aprendiendo a cocinar.She is learning how to cook.Nosotros estamos cantando.We are singing.

MAKING SURE ABSOLUTELY NONE OF THIS UNNECESSARY TENSE: 12:24 AM @ 3:16 AM *????"PRETERITE perfect"??????* = [hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron] + past participle REMOVED AND INSERTED DELETED STUFF INTO THIS GOOGLE DOC https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ltab-JOh3rxQ0XKjO7I1wKxejjCebWng4aqjpmDZ-_o/edit El Pretérito AnteriorPast Perfect, *Pluperfect ENGLISH CONFUSINGLY USES THE EXACT SAME pluperfect NAME FOR THIS UNECCESSARY TENSE* Antepretérito yo hube jugado, tú hubiste comido hube sido Expresses a past fact that happened immediately before another past fact.

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/preterito-anterior El Pretérito Anterior Past anterior (Preterite perfect) El Pretérito Anterior also known as El Antepretérito Currently, El Pretérito Anterior is pretty much only used in written texts to express a past fact that happened immediately before another that is linked to it, that also happened in the past. El Pretérito Anterior is formed with: haber [in El Pretérito Indefinido] + (past) participio. Examples: En cuanto hubo terminado su trabajo, se fue a comer=As soon as he had finished his work, he went to eat. Tan pronto como Carla hubo cobrado, se compró un coche=As soon as Carla had received her salary, she bought a car.

El Pretérito ImperfectoImperfect PastImperfectoCopretérito yo jugaba, tú comías, era, Expresses what was happening in the past or what used to happen

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/preterito-imperfecto

PRESENT PERFECT Expresses an action completed but with a connection to the present "El Pretérito Perfecto" AKA "Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto" AKA "Antepresente" yo he jugado, tú has comido, he sido *PRESENT perfect* [*INDICATIVE*] = present INDICATIVE conjugations [he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han] meaning "HAS" or "HAVE" + past participle To form the *PRESENT PERFECT:* conjugate the auxiliary verb "haber" in the PRESENT tense of the INDICATIVE mood (so that the auxiliary verb meaning "has" or "have" agrees with the subject of the sentence) and then combine with the past participle form of the main verb

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/preterito-perfecto El Pretérito Perfecto Spanish present perfect (a.k.a. Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto, Antepresente) El Pretérito Perfecto is a compound past tense that uses the verb 'haber' conjugated in the present tense plus a past participle. It's used to express actions that have happened (although in English it is often translated with a simple past tense) and are considered to be inside the same timeframe the speaker is currently in (same day, week, month, or year). This tense is also used to talk about experiences in which the exact time is not relevant. For example Hoy he comido con mi hermana=I ate with my sister today. María se ha casado 3 veces=María has married 3 times.

PLUPERFECT Expresses what had happened before something else happened "El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto" AKA "Pluscuamperfecto" "Antecopretérito" yo había jugado, tú habías comido, había sido {#102studyspanish.com PLUPERFECT aka PAST PERFECT is the exact same names for the same "compound tense indicative using haber" in modern states's #53 chart for the four perfect tenses & BELOW https://quizlet.com/657963846/edit @ 4:02 AM 1/14 JANUARY @ inserting #55 Reported Speech: Use of the Pluperfect modern states} PLUPERFECT aka PAST PERFECT tense of the INDICATIVE mood (or in Spanish: "pluscuamperfecto del indicativo"[=pluperfect indicative] aka "el pretérito pluscuamperfecto"[=past perfect] or "el antecopretérito") *PAST perfect* [*INDICATIVE*] = simple IMPERFECT conjugations [había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían] meaning "had" + past participle To form the *PLUPERFECT aka the PAST PERFECT tense of the INDICATIVE mood:* conjugate the simple IMPERFECT tense of "haber" (just as you normally would) in the INDICATIVE mood and then combine with the past participle form of the main verb

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/glossary/verb-tense-mood/preterito-pluscuamperfecto El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto Spanish Pluperfect El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto also known as El Pluscuamperfecto and El Antecopretérito El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto is the *past perfect tense of the indicative mood*. It *expresses an action that occurred before another action in the past*: it could be called *''the past of the past'.* The English past perfect is formed with *''had''* + past participle, while in Spanish it's *haber in* El Pretérito *Imperfecto + past participle*. For example Yo ya había viajado a Segovia cuando tu llegaste a Madrid=I had already travelled to Segovia when you arrived in Madrid. Nosotros habíamos visitado el Museo del Prado antes que tú=We had visited the Prado Museum before you did.

THIRD CONDITIONAL SENTENCES https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iSu2hlgD1veTf5YR3BhhRfIou9BTGixXRHzhOWsizAk/edit# DID NOT CREATE A SEPARATE SET FOR "si clauses: third conditional" BUT DID MAKE lawlessspanish.com LESSON NOTES FROM https://www.lawlessspanish.com/grammar/si-clauses-third-conditional/ ITS OWN #18eighteenth FLASHCARD WITHIN https://spanish.kwiziq.com/spanish-tense-names chart of all 18 different tenses so far only KWIZIQ defining NAMES link: @ 9:39 PM 1/18 JANUARY DONE BELOW The *THIRD conditional is an if-then proposition that expresses an IMPOSSIBLE situation: if something had happened (the condition), then something else would have happened (the result). The CONDITION is expressed with the PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (*Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive* FORMULA=either of the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE endings -se or -ra conjugating haber+the past participle form of the main verb. example: hubiésemos ganado/hubiéramos ganado which is a combination of one of the haber conjugations ending in either of the two imperfect subjunctive alternative -se or -ra endings+past participle of the main verb), and then the impossible result is indicated with EITHER the CONDITIONAL PERFECT OR the PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE again.* The order of the clauses makes no difference as long as si / "if" stays in front of the correct verb form: *(#1st construction option:) si + pluperfect subjunctive, then + conditional perfect OR pluperfect subjunctive* (I hadn't known, so I didn't go with you, but if I had [impossible], I would have.) Si hubiera sabido, (imperfect subjunctive) hubiera/habría (conditional) ido contigo=If I had known, I would have gone with you. (I hadn't told you, so you didn't buy the book, but if I had [impossible], would you have?) ¿Si te hubiera dicho, (imperfect subjunctive) hubieras/habrías (conditional) comprado el libro?=If I had told you, would you have bought the book? *(#2nd construction option:) conditional perfect OR pluperfect subjunctive, si + pluperfect subjunctive* (I hadn't known, so I didn't go with you, but if I had [impossible], I would have.) (imperfect subjunctive) Hubiera/Habría (conditional) ido contigo si hubiera sabido=I would have gone with you if I had known. (I hadn't told you, so you didn't buy the book, but if I had [impossible], would you have?) ¿(imperfect subjunctive) Hubieras/Habrías (conditional) comprado el libro si te hubiera dicho?=Would you have bought the book if I had told you?

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/grammar/using-el-pluscuamperfecto-subjuntivo-in-hypothetical-clauses-si-followed-by-el-condicional-perfecto-el-pluscuamperfecto-de-subju Using El Pluscuamperfecto Subjuntivo in hypothetical clauses (si) followed by El Condicional Perfecto/ El Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo Here's a hypothetical situation in English: If we had won the lottery, we would have bought a Ferrari. Here you can see that if is followed by a verb in the Pluperfect (had won), while the second clause uses the Conditional Perfect (would have bought). Now look at the Spanish: THIRD CONDITIONAL FORMULA: Si hubiésemos(/hubiéramos) ganado la lotería, habríamos comprado un Ferrari. Si hubiésemos(/hubiéramos) ganado la lotería, hubiéramos comprado un Ferrari. Si hubiésemos(/hubiéramos) ganado la lotería, hubiésemos comprado un Ferrari. Here you see that in Spanish, si is followed by a verb in El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo (*Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive* FORMULA=either of the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE endings -se or -ra conjugating haber+the past participle form of the main verb. example: hubiésemos ganado/hubiéramos ganado), while the second clause uses either: El Condicional Perfecto (habríamos comprado) or El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo (hubiéramos/hubiésemos comprado) All cases above are equally correct. In this type of conditional sentence *the condition is seen as impossible, so that the action of the main clause is not fulfilled.* Here are more examples: (example construction: IF-clause in the PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE, then the second clause indicates the result with the CONDITIONAL PERFECT) Si hubiera llegado antes habría visto a Carlos en la fiesta./Si hubiese llegado antes habría visto a Carlos en la fiesta.=If I had arrived earlier I would have seen Carlos at the party. Si hubiera llegado antes hubiera visto a Carlos en la fiesta./Si hubiese llegado antes hubiese visto a Carlos en la fiesta.=If I had arrived earlier I would have seen Carlos at the party. Si tú hubieras firmado ese contrato te habrías arrepentido=If you had signed that contract you would have regretted it. Si te hubieras llevado el paraguas, no te habrías mojado tanto=If you had taken the umbrella, you wouldn't have got so wet. Si te hubieras llevado el paraguas, no te hubieras mojado tanto=If you had taken the umbrella, you wouldn't have got so wet. Si no hubiéramos comprado esta casa habríamos tenido más dinero para vacaciones=If we hadn't bought this house we would have had more money for holidays. Si no hubiésemos comprado esta casa, hubiésemos tenido más dinero para vacaciones=If we hadn't bought this house, we would have had more money for holidays. Si usted hubiera venido a las diez yo le habría atendido personalmente=If you had come at ten I would have dealt with you personally. You need auxiliary verb "haber" in both parts of the sentence: in the conditional clause after "si" and in the main clause.

STRICT VERB PAIRINGS

https://spanish.kwiziq.com/revision/grammar/using-the-pluperfect-subjunctive-after-the-conjunction-como-si-subordinate-manner-clauses Using the pluperfect subjunctive after the conjunction como si (subordinate manner clauses) "In Spanish the conjunction como si (as if/like) is used to form subordinate clauses. These clauses express the way something is done. It is always followed by the subjunctive, specifically by El Imperfecto Subjuntivo or El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo." @ 3:24 am 1/21 january MY REWORDING THE LAST SENTENCE ORIGINALLY ABOVE@ When Spanish forms subordinate clauses to express the way something is done using "like"/"as if" the conjunction "como si" will always be followed by the subjunctive mood, specifically either the "El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo" tense (which is aka the Spanish Pluperfect Subjunctive FORMULA=either of the IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE endings -se or -ra conjugating haber+the past participle form of the main verb) *OR "El Imperfecto Subjuntivo"* with one of the two possible imperfect subjunctive conjugations alternatively ending in -se or -ra In this lesson we will see how to use "como si" with El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo. Have a look and listen to the following examples: Elisa me miraba como si yo hubiera hecho algo malo=Elisa looked at me as if I had done something bad. She behaved as if she'd never done anything wrong=Ella se comportaba como si nunca hubiera roto un plato (is an expression literally meaning broken a plate) Al llegar a ese lugar sentí algo extraño, como si hubiese estado allí antes=When I arrived at that place I felt something strange, as if I had been there before. Notice how the subordinate clauses introduced by como si are followed by El Pretérito Pluscuamperfecto de Subjuntivo. Unlike in English where as if is often followed by a past tense in the indicative, in Spanish como si can never be followed by a tense in the indicative or El Presente de Subjuntivo, or El Pretérito Perfecto del Subjuntivo. Have a look: Lo tomó como si se tratara de una broma. (Imperfect subjunctive)He took it as a joke. [as if it were a joke] Lo tomó como si se hubiera tratado de una broma. (Pluperfect subjunctive)He took it as a joke. [as if it had been a joke] Lo tomó como si [NO INDICATIVE: se trata / se trató / se trataba] de una broma. Lo tomó como si (No Present Subjunctive: se trate/NO Perfect Subjunctive: haya tratado] de una broma.

FINISH INSERTING THE REST OF COMPLETED FLASHCARDS FULLY COVERING PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE CONJUGATION AND DEFINED USES @ 2:14 AM 1/19 JANUARY FROM recreated copy of quizlet set for present perfect subjunctive https://quizlet.com/_axay46?x=1qqt&i=4gt05

present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) REINSERTED FROM https://docs.google.com/document/d/1piygzi8dPJd4vs7coh6QR5gUBGNwGJEXhzBKXIs0nh8/edit# @ 1:25 AM 12/22 DECEMBER ALREADY CHECKED TO MAKE SURE THAT THIS FLASHCARD WAS RIGHT ON 6/7 INFO ON THIS FLASHCARD TAKEN FROM ANOTHER ALREADY COMPLETED QUIZLET SET ENTITLED: https://quizlet.com/_9wnei1?x=1jqt&i=4gt05 6/4 COMPLETED SET--- PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) grammar lessons from spanishdict.com and enforex.com LEFT OFF HERE 6/7 @ 3:46 PM The *PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)* is a combination of haber in the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE [(conjugating the auxiliary verb in the PRESENT tense of the SUBJUNCTIVE mood to agree with the subject of the sentence:) haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan] and the past participle form of the main verb* which will always end in the letter "o" since the perfect tenses in Spanish do not change the base form "-ado"/"-ido" to agree with ___________ .... The *present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)* tense is *formed by combining haber conjugated in the PRESENT tense of the SUBJUNCTIVE mood [haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan (to agree with the subject of the sentence)] and the past participle form (ending in the Spanish "-ado"/"-ido") of a verb* The *present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)* is used to *describe past actions that are connected to the present*, as well as *actions that will have happened by a certain point in the future*. This *tense* is very *similar to the present perfect indicative, but is triggered by the same sorts of words and phrases*, such as those expressing emotions and desires, *as the present subjunctive* *In terms of time, we use the present perfect subjunctive when the main verb (in the independent clause) is in the present, future, present perfect or imperative tense and the subjunctive verb (in the dependent clause) refers to an action that has already been completed* *Uses of the PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tense:* Expression of doubt, Possible non-reality, Expression of emotion, Expression of a wish, Negation #1 *Past Actions Connected to the Present* The present perfect subjunctive can be used *to talk about actions that happened in the past but are relevant in the present*. It's very *common* to see it *used to talk about things that just happened* #2 *Actions That Will Have Been Completed in the Future*: The present perfect subjunctive can be used for Actions That Will Have Been Completed in the Future to talk about things that are expected to be done by a certain points REINSERTED FROM https://docs.google.com/document/d/1piygzi8dPJd4vs7coh6QR5gUBGNwGJEXhzBKXIs0nh8/edit# @ 1:25 AM 12/22 DECEMBER present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) ALREADY CHECKED TO MAKE SURE THAT THIS FLASHCARD WAS RIGHT ON 6/7 INFO ON THIS FLASHCARD TAKEN FROM ANOTHER ALREADY COMPLETED QUIZLET SET ENTITLED: https://quizlet.com/_9wnei1?x=1jqt&i=4gt05 6/4 COMPLETED SET--- PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo) grammar lessons from spanishdict.com and enforex.com LEFT OFF HERE 6/7 @ 3:46 PM The *PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)* is a combination of haber in the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE [(conjugating the auxiliary verb in the PRESENT tense of the SUBJUNCTIVE mood to agree with the subject of the sentence:) haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan] and the past participle form of the main verb* which will always end in the letter "o" since the perfect tenses in Spanish do not change the base form "-ado"/"-ido" to agree with ___________ .... The *present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)* tense is *formed by combining haber conjugated in the PRESENT tense of the SUBJUNCTIVE mood [haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan (to agree with the subject of the sentence)] and the past participle form (ending in the Spanish "-ado"/"-ido") of a verb* The *present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo)* is used to *describe past actions that are connected to the present*, as well as *actions that will have happened by a certain point in the future*. This *tense* is very *similar to the present perfect indicative, but is triggered by the same sorts of words and phrases*, such as those expressing emotions and desires, *as the present subjunctive* *In terms of time, we use the present perfect subjunctive when the main verb (in the independent clause) is in the present, future, present perfect or imperative tense and the subjunctive verb (in the dependent clause) refers to an action that has already been completed* *Uses of the PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tense:* Expression of doubt, Possible non-reality, Expression of emotion, Expression of a wish, Negation #1 *Past Actions Connected to the Present* The present perfect subjunctive can be used *to talk about actions that happened in the past but are relevant in the present*. It's very *common* to see it *used to talk about things that just happened* #2 *Actions That Will Have Been Completed in the Future*: The present perfect subjunctive can be used for Actions That Will Have Been Completed in the Future to talk about things that are expected to be done by a certain points directly copied and pasted again from enforex the original pasted below on 12/23 December @ 4:48 am https://www.enforex.com/language/present-perfect-subjunctive.html Forming the Spanish present perfect subjunctive The Spanish present perfect subjunctive has a compound structure that combines the verb "haber" (to have... ) with the past participle of the main verb of the clause. subjunctive of the helping verb "haber" + past participle of the main verb *(just read over the whole thing and REPEAT the words in BOLD)* *In terms of time, we use the present perfect subjunctive when the main verb (in the independent clause) is in the present, future, present perfect or imperative tense and the subjunctive verb (in the dependent clause) refers to an action that has already been completed* EXAMPLES of *Uses of the PRESENT PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE tense:* *Expression of doubt* (I doubt that he has come.) Dudo que haya venido. *Possible non-reality* Busco un libro que haya tenido buenas críticas. (I'm looking for a book that has gotten good reviews.) *Expression of emotion* Me sorpende que hayas ido a Perú. (I'm surprises me that have gone to Peru.) *Expression of a wish* Espero que hayas comido. (I hope that you have eaten.) *Negation* No es verdad que hayan dicho esto. (It's not true that they have said that.)