Foundations of employee motivation

Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce

desired combinations of expected outcomes.

Acquired Needs Theory

Theory that suggests three main categories of needs: need for achievement, need for affiliation, and need for power

Which process theory explains how people strive for fairness and justice in social exchanges or give-and-take relationships?

equity theory

The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:

interactional justice

The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job

rotation

Select all the characteristics that are influenced by motivation

- direction of behavior or thought - persistence of behavior or thought - intensity of behavior or thought

Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?

Experimentation Reason Systematic Observation

Who pioneered the use of equity theory in the workplace?

J. Stacy Adams

Mcclelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for:

N/a

What are some recommended approaches for creating change when one's job is low on hygiene or motivating factors?

N/a

Which of the following are among the top-down approaches to job design?

Job enlargement Job rotation Scientific management

What should individuals do if their current job is unfulfilling but they do not want to change jobs?

Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals.

How can managers incorporate the principles of expectancy theory?

by linking performance to rewards that individual employees value

What motivates corrective action in equity theory?

cognitive dissonance

The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job

enlargement

The theory that can be used to predict behavior in any situation where there is a choice between two or more alternatives is:

expectancy theory

What does equity theory explain?

how people strive for fairness in social exchanges how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships

What are the key elements of equity theory?

inputs, outputs (rewards), and comparisons

The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as:

job crafting

Using Vroom's expectancy theory to predict motivation, it can be said that:

motivation will be high when all three elements are high

Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:

providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training

Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?

scientific management

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Relationships, Love and Affection, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization

The question "what are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" Represents which element of vroom's expectancy theory?

Expectancy

Job enlargement is also known as

Horizontal loading

Feelings of inequity are based on whether you perceive that the outputs you receive are adequate to compensate for your collective

inputs

Theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are ___ theories. Them more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are ___ theories

Content, process

self-determination theory

Deci and Ryan's theory asserting that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.

Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory

A need theory that distinguishes between motivator needs (related to the nature of the work itself) and hygiene needs (related to the physical and psychological context in which the work is performed) and proposes that motivator needs must be met for motivation and job satisfaction to be high.

An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?

Motivate the employee to correct the situation. Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior. Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee.

Mcclelland's theory, developed in the 1940s, proposed that employee behaviors are driven by three

Need theories