Foundations of Syntax true or false
In the structure we identify as subject extraposition, there is only one subject.
True
The sentence position of an adverbial depends its syntactic and semantic category.
True
Unlike lexical verbs, auxiliaries can combine with a subject of any semantic type.
True
Verb contraction affect the operator.
True
Both nouns and adjectives can function as prenominal modifiers.
Ture
A central adjective is premodifiable by very.
False
A dummy subject is called so because it is not requires in the clause.
False
A multi-word verb is made up of a lexical verb and a particle.
False
Adjective-adverb homomorphs start with a-.
False
Adjectives with complementation can appear both attributively and postpositively.
False
Adjuncts, similarly to disjuncts, are within the focus of the ellipsis.
False
An existential sentence has an indefinite subject.
False
Each non-finite clause type has its own characteristic subordination.
False
Each other is a reflexive pronoun.
False
Half is a predeterminer when followed by a noun.
False
If an adjective follows the head noun in an NP, it is called a predicative.
False
In We all have our loyalties the personal pronoun is modified by a determiner.
False
In distransitive complementation the indirect object follows the direct object.
False
In emphatic positive sentences the lexical verb receives contrastive stress.
False
In the NP Those apple pies apple is a noun.
False
In the set text quantifier position is defined as the position between the subject and the verb.
False
In the structure we identify as subject extraposition, there are two subjects: a dummy and a postponed.
False
Late in She arrived late in the afternoon is an adjective.
False
Late is She arrived in the late afternoon is an adverb.
False
Like lexical verbs, modal auxiliaries only combine with bare infinitives.
False
Like lexical verbs, modals have both finite and non-finite forms.
False
Operators are a seperate word category in English.
False
Pre-adverb position means the position between the auxiliary and the lexical verb.
False
Similarly to lexical verbs, auxiliaries take thematic/semantic subjects.
False
The citation form of the verb is non-finite.
False
The clause Carol made Joshua her assistant has two passive transforms.
False
The conjunction in the NP The report that he stole is not a clausal element if the that-clause is interpreted as a noun compleent cause.
False
The demonstrative words this/these are pronouns.
False
The ing-form of the verb is also called the continuous form.
False
The terms cataphoric reference and backward pointing reference name the same phenomenon.
False
The terms main clause and matrix clause are synonymous.
False
The terms main clause and superordiate clause are synonymous.
False
The words the ... the illustrate what is identified as complex subordination.
False
Unlike auxiliaries, lexical verbs can be inverted with the subject.
False
A particle in the non-verb constituant of a phrasel verb.
True
A verbless clause does not have a verbal element but can be analysed into clause elements.
True
A-adverbs can be used predicatively after the verb be.
True
An existential sentence has a postponed subject.
True
Any auxiliary can function as operator.
True
Any auxiliary can invert with the subject.
True
Backward pointing reference involves the situation when a pronoun is interpreted with the help of a full noun phrase in the previous sentence.
True
Central adjectives appear between a noun head and a determiner.
True
Compound pronouns are those that are composed of two morphemes.
True
Countable nouns have plural forms.
True
Disjuncts, similarly to conjuncts, cannot be elicited by question forms.
True
Dummy subjects are required by some meteorological verbs.
True
Each in Each came in time is a universal pronoun.
True
Every in every book is a universal pronoun.
True
Half is an indefinite positive assertive pronoun when it realises a sentence contituent on its own.
True
In This is my bike my is a possessive déterminer.
True
In emphatic positive sentences the presence of the operator is obligatory.
True
In reduced clauses the operator substitutes for the whole verbal expression.
True
In some NPs the genitive functions as a modifier.
True
In some structures the genitive expression functions as a determiner.
True
In the set text quantifier position is the same as adverb position.
True
Many adjective (phrases) are ready to appear as premodifiers in NPs.
True
Nouns and adjectives may have overlapping distribution.
True
Only finite auxiliaries can function as operators.
True
Only some pronoun categories can be modified.
True
Pre-adverb position means the position between the subject and the lexical verb.
True
Predication fronting requires a finite auxiliary.
True
Putative should appears in that-clauses required by some verbs, nouns, and adjectives.
True
Similarly to adjectives, noun can appear prenominally.
True
Similarly to relative clauses, a non-restrictive appositive clause is introuduced by a wh-element.
True
Some adjectives are ready to follow an intensive verb.
True
Some adjectives take complements.
True
Some phonological words may appear as adjectives in some syntactic context and adverbs in others.
True
Subordinatiors have three subgroups.
True
The auxiliary do and modals are similar in that both are followed by bare infinitive forms.
True
The base form of the verb is ambiguous.
True
The clause Carol made Joshua her assistant is an SVOC structure.
True
The clause Sam is staying at a nearby motel illustrates SVAS type.
True
The clause The report that he stole was immediately sent to the police is an ambiguous clause.
True
The direct object of the active clause appears as subject of the passive.
True
The dummy subject there can precede some verbs other than be.
True
The ing-form of the verb is the present participle.
True
The modifier in the NP The report that he stole can be interpreted both as a relative clause and an appositive clause.
True
The operator is the first or only finite auxiliary in a clause.
True
The personal pronoun can appear as a prop/empty/dummy subject.
True
The recipient expresses the beneficiary of the activity denoted by the verb.
True
The structure The industrious Dutch is an NP, headed by the nationality adjective.
True
The structure identified as consecutive preposing obligatorily requires SAI (subject-auxiliary inversion).
True
The terms backward pointing reference and anaphoric reference are synonymous.
True
The terms bare infinitive and base form are synonymous.
True
There are four criteria to distinguish adjectives from other word classes.
True
While lexical verbs choose what semantic type of subject they take, auxiliaries can combine with any semantic type of subject.
True
A multiple sentence consists of two subordinate clauses.
False
A transitive phrasel verb + its object has a fixed constituant order.
False
An adverbial can only be realised by an adverb phrase.
False
Contraction involves the negative adverb and lexical verbs.
False
In an SVOO structure, the two complement NPs agree in number and person.
False
In anaphoric reference a pronoun picks up its reference from what is coming next in the sentence.
False
In the clause Carol made Joshua her assistant the NP her assistant is O.
False
In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the verb keep is an intensive verb.
False
Modal auxiliaries always take a bare infinitive form, as complement.
False
Modal auxiliaries are also called primary verbs.
False
Non-inherent adjectives directly characterise the referent of the noun head.
False
Only PPs can function as complements of adjectives.
False
Possessive determiners can appear as possessive pronouns.
False
Pronouns express person, number, gender, and case.
False
Pronouns substitute for nouns.
False
Pronouns, similarly to nouns, can be free pre-, and postmodified.
False
Referring it is the same type as prop it.
False
The clause My daughter has become an accountant has one passive transform.
False
The clause Sam is staying at a nearby motel illustrates SVAO type.
False
The demonstrative words this/these are determiners.
False
The expression two-thirds in the NP two-thirds the bread is a pronoun.
False
The non-finite forms of modal auxiliaries only appear in subordinate clauses.
False
The object of a passive clause can be the subject of a corresponding active clause.
False
The subject is obligatory in imperative clauses.
False
The term base form and simple present form are synonymous.
False
The terms heavy constituant and foregrounded element are synonymous.
False
The verb "have" always requires DO-support.
False
A dual-membership noun may, in one context, appear as a countable, in others, as an uncountable noun, with the appropriate change in meaning.
True
A personal pronoun expresses person, number, gender, and case.
True
A prepositional adverb is called so because it shares a phonological form with a preposition.
True
A subject complement/subject predicative can be realised as an objective case personal pronoun.
True
Adjectives with complementation can only occur either postpositively or predicatively.
True
An SVOCO clause has one passive transform.
True
An intransitive phrasel verb is in fact a verb +particle sequence.
True
An objective case personal pronoun functions as object.
True
Direct question formation requires subject-auxiliary inversion.
True
In This is my bike my is a possessive pronoun.
True
In declarative clauses the subject precedes the verb.
True
In forming negative finite clauses, the first (or only) auxiliary is placed before the negative word.
True
In tag questions the subject appears in pronominal form.
True
In tag questions the subject is repeated.
True
In the NP Those apple pies apple is an adjective.
True
In the clause Carol made Joshua her assistant the expression her assistant is an NP.
True
In the clause Sam is staying at a nearby hotel the adverbial is subject related.
True
In the clause Sam is staying at a nearby motel the adverbial is an obligatory element of the clause.
True
In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the PP off cigarettes functions as adverbial.
True
In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the sequence off cigarettes is a PP.
True
In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the sequence off cigarettes is adverbial.
True
In the sentence Carol made Joshua her assistant the object complement agrees with the object in number.
True
In the sentence My daughter has become an accountant the lexical verb is intensive.
True
Lexical verbs are followed by their complements.
True
Modal auxiliaries are followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.
True
Modal auxiliaries have abnormal time reference.
True
Non-inherent adjectives do not directly characterise the referent of the noun head.
True
One another is a reciprocal pronoun.
True
One is a numeral in some contexts, and an indefinitive positive assertive pronoun in others.
True
Only auxiliary verbs contract with the negative adverb.
True
Paradoxically, some adjectives denoting nationalities can appear as heads of NPs.
True
Personal pronouns are central pronouns.
True
Primary verbs have the full range of verb forms: both finite and non-finite.
True
Some indirect objects can be changed into PPs.
True
Some prepositional phrases can correspond to indirect objects.
True
Subject or object complement can be realised as either an NP or an AP.
True
The clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes is a good illustration of the SVOAO clause type.
True
The expression two-thirds in the NP two-thirds the bread is a predeterminer.
True
The head of the NP the mystical is an adjective with abstract reference.
True
The object can both precede and follow the particle in a transitive phrasel construction.
True
The object is realised either as a noun phrase or some type of nominal clause.
True
The phrase Anything made of silver illustrates the observation that indefinitive pronouns can be post modified.
True
The same phonological word may, in some contexts, appear as a déterminer, in others, as a pronoun.
True
The subject appears after the auxiliary which functions as operator, in yes-no interrogative clauses.
True
The subject is usually realised as a noun phrase or some type of nominal clause.
True
The subject normally determines the number of the subject complement/predicative.
True
The subject takes the nominative form of a personal pronoun in a finite clause.
True
The terms copular and intensive are synonymous.
True
The terms fused RC and nominal RC are synonymous.
True
The verb has in the clause My daughter has become an accountant agrees with the subject in number and person.
True
The verb make in the sentence Carol made Joshua her assistant is a monotransitive verb.
True
The word mine is a genitive case personal pronoun.
True
The word my is a genitive case personal pronoun.
True
The words my/her/our/their are possessive determiners.
True
The words my/her/our/their are possessive pronouns.
True
There is number agreement between the subject and subject complement/subject predicative.
True
