Foundations of Syntax true or false

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In the structure we identify as subject extraposition, there is only one subject.

True

The sentence position of an adverbial depends its syntactic and semantic category.

True

Unlike lexical verbs, auxiliaries can combine with a subject of any semantic type.

True

Verb contraction affect the operator.

True

Both nouns and adjectives can function as prenominal modifiers.

Ture

A central adjective is premodifiable by very.

False

A dummy subject is called so because it is not requires in the clause.

False

A multi-word verb is made up of a lexical verb and a particle.

False

Adjective-adverb homomorphs start with a-.

False

Adjectives with complementation can appear both attributively and postpositively.

False

Adjuncts, similarly to disjuncts, are within the focus of the ellipsis.

False

An existential sentence has an indefinite subject.

False

Each non-finite clause type has its own characteristic subordination.

False

Each other is a reflexive pronoun.

False

Half is a predeterminer when followed by a noun.

False

If an adjective follows the head noun in an NP, it is called a predicative.

False

In We all have our loyalties the personal pronoun is modified by a determiner.

False

In distransitive complementation the indirect object follows the direct object.

False

In emphatic positive sentences the lexical verb receives contrastive stress.

False

In the NP Those apple pies apple is a noun.

False

In the set text quantifier position is defined as the position between the subject and the verb.

False

In the structure we identify as subject extraposition, there are two subjects: a dummy and a postponed.

False

Late in She arrived late in the afternoon is an adjective.

False

Late is She arrived in the late afternoon is an adverb.

False

Like lexical verbs, modal auxiliaries only combine with bare infinitives.

False

Like lexical verbs, modals have both finite and non-finite forms.

False

Operators are a seperate word category in English.

False

Pre-adverb position means the position between the auxiliary and the lexical verb.

False

Similarly to lexical verbs, auxiliaries take thematic/semantic subjects.

False

The citation form of the verb is non-finite.

False

The clause Carol made Joshua her assistant has two passive transforms.

False

The conjunction in the NP The report that he stole is not a clausal element if the that-clause is interpreted as a noun compleent cause.

False

The demonstrative words this/these are pronouns.

False

The ing-form of the verb is also called the continuous form.

False

The terms cataphoric reference and backward pointing reference name the same phenomenon.

False

The terms main clause and matrix clause are synonymous.

False

The terms main clause and superordiate clause are synonymous.

False

The words the ... the illustrate what is identified as complex subordination.

False

Unlike auxiliaries, lexical verbs can be inverted with the subject.

False

A particle in the non-verb constituant of a phrasel verb.

True

A verbless clause does not have a verbal element but can be analysed into clause elements.

True

A-adverbs can be used predicatively after the verb be.

True

An existential sentence has a postponed subject.

True

Any auxiliary can function as operator.

True

Any auxiliary can invert with the subject.

True

Backward pointing reference involves the situation when a pronoun is interpreted with the help of a full noun phrase in the previous sentence.

True

Central adjectives appear between a noun head and a determiner.

True

Compound pronouns are those that are composed of two morphemes.

True

Countable nouns have plural forms.

True

Disjuncts, similarly to conjuncts, cannot be elicited by question forms.

True

Dummy subjects are required by some meteorological verbs.

True

Each in Each came in time is a universal pronoun.

True

Every in every book is a universal pronoun.

True

Half is an indefinite positive assertive pronoun when it realises a sentence contituent on its own.

True

In This is my bike my is a possessive déterminer.

True

In emphatic positive sentences the presence of the operator is obligatory.

True

In reduced clauses the operator substitutes for the whole verbal expression.

True

In some NPs the genitive functions as a modifier.

True

In some structures the genitive expression functions as a determiner.

True

In the set text quantifier position is the same as adverb position.

True

Many adjective (phrases) are ready to appear as premodifiers in NPs.

True

Nouns and adjectives may have overlapping distribution.

True

Only finite auxiliaries can function as operators.

True

Only some pronoun categories can be modified.

True

Pre-adverb position means the position between the subject and the lexical verb.

True

Predication fronting requires a finite auxiliary.

True

Putative should appears in that-clauses required by some verbs, nouns, and adjectives.

True

Similarly to adjectives, noun can appear prenominally.

True

Similarly to relative clauses, a non-restrictive appositive clause is introuduced by a wh-element.

True

Some adjectives are ready to follow an intensive verb.

True

Some adjectives take complements.

True

Some phonological words may appear as adjectives in some syntactic context and adverbs in others.

True

Subordinatiors have three subgroups.

True

The auxiliary do and modals are similar in that both are followed by bare infinitive forms.

True

The base form of the verb is ambiguous.

True

The clause Carol made Joshua her assistant is an SVOC structure.

True

The clause Sam is staying at a nearby motel illustrates SVAS type.

True

The clause The report that he stole was immediately sent to the police is an ambiguous clause.

True

The direct object of the active clause appears as subject of the passive.

True

The dummy subject there can precede some verbs other than be.

True

The ing-form of the verb is the present participle.

True

The modifier in the NP The report that he stole can be interpreted both as a relative clause and an appositive clause.

True

The operator is the first or only finite auxiliary in a clause.

True

The personal pronoun can appear as a prop/empty/dummy subject.

True

The recipient expresses the beneficiary of the activity denoted by the verb.

True

The structure The industrious Dutch is an NP, headed by the nationality adjective.

True

The structure identified as consecutive preposing obligatorily requires SAI (subject-auxiliary inversion).

True

The terms backward pointing reference and anaphoric reference are synonymous.

True

The terms bare infinitive and base form are synonymous.

True

There are four criteria to distinguish adjectives from other word classes.

True

While lexical verbs choose what semantic type of subject they take, auxiliaries can combine with any semantic type of subject.

True

A multiple sentence consists of two subordinate clauses.

False

A transitive phrasel verb + its object has a fixed constituant order.

False

An adverbial can only be realised by an adverb phrase.

False

Contraction involves the negative adverb and lexical verbs.

False

In an SVOO structure, the two complement NPs agree in number and person.

False

In anaphoric reference a pronoun picks up its reference from what is coming next in the sentence.

False

In the clause Carol made Joshua her assistant the NP her assistant is O.

False

In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the verb keep is an intensive verb.

False

Modal auxiliaries always take a bare infinitive form, as complement.

False

Modal auxiliaries are also called primary verbs.

False

Non-inherent adjectives directly characterise the referent of the noun head.

False

Only PPs can function as complements of adjectives.

False

Possessive determiners can appear as possessive pronouns.

False

Pronouns express person, number, gender, and case.

False

Pronouns substitute for nouns.

False

Pronouns, similarly to nouns, can be free pre-, and postmodified.

False

Referring it is the same type as prop it.

False

The clause My daughter has become an accountant has one passive transform.

False

The clause Sam is staying at a nearby motel illustrates SVAO type.

False

The demonstrative words this/these are determiners.

False

The expression two-thirds in the NP two-thirds the bread is a pronoun.

False

The non-finite forms of modal auxiliaries only appear in subordinate clauses.

False

The object of a passive clause can be the subject of a corresponding active clause.

False

The subject is obligatory in imperative clauses.

False

The term base form and simple present form are synonymous.

False

The terms heavy constituant and foregrounded element are synonymous.

False

The verb "have" always requires DO-support.

False

A dual-membership noun may, in one context, appear as a countable, in others, as an uncountable noun, with the appropriate change in meaning.

True

A personal pronoun expresses person, number, gender, and case.

True

A prepositional adverb is called so because it shares a phonological form with a preposition.

True

A subject complement/subject predicative can be realised as an objective case personal pronoun.

True

Adjectives with complementation can only occur either postpositively or predicatively.

True

An SVOCO clause has one passive transform.

True

An intransitive phrasel verb is in fact a verb +particle sequence.

True

An objective case personal pronoun functions as object.

True

Direct question formation requires subject-auxiliary inversion.

True

In This is my bike my is a possessive pronoun.

True

In declarative clauses the subject precedes the verb.

True

In forming negative finite clauses, the first (or only) auxiliary is placed before the negative word.

True

In tag questions the subject appears in pronominal form.

True

In tag questions the subject is repeated.

True

In the NP Those apple pies apple is an adjective.

True

In the clause Carol made Joshua her assistant the expression her assistant is an NP.

True

In the clause Sam is staying at a nearby hotel the adverbial is subject related.

True

In the clause Sam is staying at a nearby motel the adverbial is an obligatory element of the clause.

True

In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the PP off cigarettes functions as adverbial.

True

In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the sequence off cigarettes is a PP.

True

In the clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes the sequence off cigarettes is adverbial.

True

In the sentence Carol made Joshua her assistant the object complement agrees with the object in number.

True

In the sentence My daughter has become an accountant the lexical verb is intensive.

True

Lexical verbs are followed by their complements.

True

Modal auxiliaries are followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.

True

Modal auxiliaries have abnormal time reference.

True

Non-inherent adjectives do not directly characterise the referent of the noun head.

True

One another is a reciprocal pronoun.

True

One is a numeral in some contexts, and an indefinitive positive assertive pronoun in others.

True

Only auxiliary verbs contract with the negative adverb.

True

Paradoxically, some adjectives denoting nationalities can appear as heads of NPs.

True

Personal pronouns are central pronouns.

True

Primary verbs have the full range of verb forms: both finite and non-finite.

True

Some indirect objects can be changed into PPs.

True

Some prepositional phrases can correspond to indirect objects.

True

Subject or object complement can be realised as either an NP or an AP.

True

The clause We kept Ronald off cigarettes is a good illustration of the SVOAO clause type.

True

The expression two-thirds in the NP two-thirds the bread is a predeterminer.

True

The head of the NP the mystical is an adjective with abstract reference.

True

The object can both precede and follow the particle in a transitive phrasel construction.

True

The object is realised either as a noun phrase or some type of nominal clause.

True

The phrase Anything made of silver illustrates the observation that indefinitive pronouns can be post modified.

True

The same phonological word may, in some contexts, appear as a déterminer, in others, as a pronoun.

True

The subject appears after the auxiliary which functions as operator, in yes-no interrogative clauses.

True

The subject is usually realised as a noun phrase or some type of nominal clause.

True

The subject normally determines the number of the subject complement/predicative.

True

The subject takes the nominative form of a personal pronoun in a finite clause.

True

The terms copular and intensive are synonymous.

True

The terms fused RC and nominal RC are synonymous.

True

The verb has in the clause My daughter has become an accountant agrees with the subject in number and person.

True

The verb make in the sentence Carol made Joshua her assistant is a monotransitive verb.

True

The word mine is a genitive case personal pronoun.

True

The word my is a genitive case personal pronoun.

True

The words my/her/our/their are possessive determiners.

True

The words my/her/our/their are possessive pronouns.

True

There is number agreement between the subject and subject complement/subject predicative.

True


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