Free Response Unit 6

7. Explain how each of the following influence decisions made by individual justices when deciding cases heard by the court. 1. Stare decisis 2. Judicial activism

1. Justices defer to prior Supreme Court decisions 2. Justices are more likely to strike down laws and policies as unconstitutional.

4. Describe a specific legislative action that extended civil rights to each of the following: 1. Women 2. Person with disabilities 3. Racial minorities

1. Women: Right to vote 2. Public accommodations 3. Equal rights and right to vote

7. Describe the process through which the court grants a writ of certiorari

A case is brought from a lower court to the supreme court to be heard. This is done when the justices decide which cases to accept. A writ of certiorari may be issued after four justices (the rule of four) agree to grant review of a particular case

(2019) <3> 1 . Explain how an interest group could use the decision in H v. T to advance its agenda

An interest group could lobby members of Congress to expand civil rights using the Hernandez case

(2019) <3> 1. Explain how the facts in both the cases led to a similar decision in both cases

Both cases had segregation and discrimination towards a race (color kids in school and Mexicans) which went against the equal protection clause.

4. Describe the difference between civil rights and civil liberties?

Civil rights protect groups from discrimination Civil liberties protect individuals from government actions

2. Describe an action that Congress could take to respond to the A V. US decision if it disagreed with the decision

Congress can pass a new law to allow states to have the opportunity to be involved with immigration.

8. Explain how the similarity or difference affects the judicial decisions of the federal districts courts with regard to civil liberties

Democrats are protecting their own policies while Republicans are going to want to protect their own policies

4. Identify the primary clause of the 14th amendment that is used to extend civil liberties

Due processe

(2019) <3> 1. Identify the clause in the fourteenth amendment that was used as the basis for the decision in both Brown v. Board and Hernandez v. Texas

Equal protection clause

4. Identify the primary clause of the fourteenth amendment that is used to extend civil liberties

Equal protection clause

3. Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Greece v. Galloway and Engel v. Vitale.

Establishment clause

7. Explain how judicial review empowers the supreme court within the system if checks and balances

It gives the Court the power to limit actions taken by Congress/legislative branch or the president/executive branch.

8. Describe a trend in presidential nominees to district courts with regard to gender

Most people Male

3. Based on the constitutional clause identified in part a, explain why the facts if Engel v. Vitale led to a different holding than the holding of Greece v. Galloway

Not allowed to have prayer in school, but allowed to have prayer in town meetings. They weren't kids and prayer wasn't forced. Kids might be more impressionable

5. Choose one of the forms of participation described in b and explain why it was effective in changing civil rights policies.

Participation and linkage mechanism

5. Explain how 2 measures taken by some states prior to the 1960s affected voter turnout among African Americas

Poll taxes and literacy tests

5. Facing discrimination at the voting booth, many African Americans turned to alternate forms of political participation. Describe two alternative forms of participation that helped bring about changes in civil rights policies.

Protests and Boycotts

6. Identify two political factors that affect the confirmation process of a president's nominees and explain how each factor complicates a confirmation.

Qualifications and beliefs

8. Describe a similarity or difference bwteen R and D president nominees to federal districs courts regard to the political party of those they nominate

Republic is choosing republican. Democrat is choosing Democrat

4. Explain how civil liberties were incorporated by the supreme court in two of the following cases: Roe v. Wade Gideon v. Wainwright

Roe v. Wade - This case protected women's rights for their own pregnancy. Gideon v. Wainwright - Right for an attorney for indigents

2. Identify a common constitutional principle used to make a ruling in both McCulloch v. Maryland and Arizona v. United stated.

Supremacy clause

8. Explain how the number and party affiliation of federal district court appointees affects presidential influence and power

The bigger the number, the more power and influence they have especially since they are for life.

2. Explain how the facts of both cases led to a similar holding in both cases.

The state sought to have the power of the federal government. Supremacy clause was being violated.

6. Explain how one legislative power serves as a check on court decisions

amendments

6. Describe two political factors that affected presidents decision to appoint members of the federal judiciary

ideology and party

6. Explain how one executive power serves as a check on court decisions.

power of appointment

3. Describe an action that members of the public who disagree with the holding in G v. G could take to limit its impact

protest, call the media. Civil disobedience. Calling lawmakers. Must be public

7. Define judicial review

the power of the court to rule on the constitutionality of laws, acts, statutes, executive orders