Frog Dissection

Mesenteries

Thin connective tissue that holds the small intestine and other internal organs in place.

Trachea

Transports air from the mouth into the lungs.

Vomerine Teeth

Two Teeth that hold and puncture the frogs prey. Used for gripping prey inside the mouth.

Optic Lobes

Part of the brain that is associated with vision.

Cloaca

common opening for digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

external nares

open and close as frog breathes. Air passes in, to the mouth.

conus arteriosus

the vane that blood is pumped through between the two arteries.

Nictitating Membrane

Acts as a third eyelid It is transparent and comes up when the frog goes underwater. Almost acts as a pair of goggles.

Achilles Tendon

Attaches the Gastrocnemius to the foot, allowing the foot to move.

Ventricle

Chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart to the lungs and other parts of the body. (pink in picture)

Right and Left Atrium

Chamber of the heart that receives blood from the blood vessels. Right receives highly oxygenated blood from lungs, left receives low oxygen blood from skin.

Internal Nare

Nose opening inside the mouth. air enters and leaves the mouth through this passage, lined with cells that can detect odor

Urinary bladder

Organ that collects and stores urine until released from the body.

Kidneys

Organs in the frog's excretory and urogenital system that filter the blood and remove waste to make urine.

Ovaries

Organs of the female reproductive system that produce eggs.

Cerebellum

Part of the brain that influences balance and equilibrium.

Cerebrum

Part of the brain that is associated with memory, pain, and voluntary muscle control. decision making part of the brain

Olfactory Lobes

Part of the brain that is associated with the sense of smell.

Medulla

Part of the brain that is the center for some involuntary functions (heart rate, peristalsis, etc.).

Pectoralis

Pulls shoulder forward away from the body.

Latissimus Dorsi

Pulls the shoulder and arm towards the body.

Gall Bladder

Sac which stores bile.

Muscle Action

Skelital muscles contract and pull body parts in the opposite way they want to move, to produce action.

Fat Bodies

Stores Fat Bright Yellow Long Finger Like. Needed for hibernating and mating.

Duodenum

The front part of the small intestine into which food passes from the stomach and breaks down food with the aid of enzymes.

ostium

collects eggs

choroid

dark inner lining of the eye that prevents light that enters the eye from reflecting

bile duct

delivers bile from gall bladder to small intestine

claws

dont have them, must rely on camoflogue for protection instead.

frog mylohyoid muscle

elevates hyroid and toungue

mouth

enables frog to consume large prey.

sinus venosus

enlarged region between venecava and right atrium

Longissimus Dorsi

extends back, elevates head.

retina

fine tissue (looks like wet tissue paper) in eye that contains cells that capture light and send impulses to the brain. Enables the frog to see.

adrenal glands

gives animal adrenaline which gives animal energy in emergency events

tongue

helps to catch and hold prey. green, located in mouth.

human female vs frog female reproduction

humans have anus, not cloaca. Urethra carries urine from bladder to an opening outside the body in a frog.

nictitating membrane

keeps eyes moist. Protects eyes under water. goggle like.

rugae

long ridges along the stomach walls that aid in mixing digestive enzymes.

mouth breathing

nostrils allow air in, mouth enlarges.

fish circulation

one way circulation. only one atrium. Disadvantage: once blood has been moved into capillaries and through gills, much of the push from the ventrical has been used in slow blood movement.

front legs

prop up body, absorb shock after jump, help frog hold and clean prey. During mating season thumbs get calluses.

lens

small hard bead like structure. is moved foreward or backward during focusing.

3 types of muscle

smooth- along blood vessels and portions of digestive system. Cardiac- In heart Skelital- Moves the bones of body. Pulls body parts in opposite directions.

Human male vs frog male reproductive compairison

sperm does not enter kidneys in male human. Instead they are moved through the vas deferens to the seminal vesicles and prostate gland. Then becomes fluid called semen.

eyes

stick out, provide a wide view to detect prey. Help swallow food by dropping into pouches in the mouth; aid in sight.

sclera

stiff outer coating of the eye. protects

fat

stores energy for reproduction, and when food is short.

hind legs

strong thigh which allows jumping and strong swim strides.

seminal vesicles

temporary storage structures for sperm

pericardium

thin tissue around the heart that keeps the heart contained inside chest cavity, limits motion, and prevents heart from expanding when blood level increases.

tendons

thin white chords that attach muscle to bones

trachea frog

tube that carries oxygen to lungs and branches out into bronchi. Comes after larynx

larynx

tube that leads to the trachea. Gives frog a sound to attract mates, and functions as a passage way for oxygen to go to lungs.

taste buds

used to see if food is bad tasting or poisonous. located on toungue

vocal sacs

when filled with air amplify vibrations produced by vocal chords. Used to attract females.

ovisac

widened portion of oviduct. Stores eggs after they are coated in jelly

Internal Nares

Internal openings of the external nares.

skin functions

1. Camoflogue (light on bottom, dark on top) 2. glads- mucus is secreted to help retain water

4 forms of evidence

1. tadpole has gills, and tale. 2. frogs lack neck 3. No claws 4. Jelly like eggs, like fish. (external fertilization)

cloacal femoris

?? Elise? Cayman? Macy? Anyone???

Rectus Abdominis

Compresses the abdomen. Flexes the trunk.

Kidney

Dark Brown, filters impuritites from the frogs blood. Located behind the reproductive system organs Located along the spine. Organs in the frog's excretory and urogenital system that filter the blood and remove waste to make urine.

Dorsal Aorta

Dorsal blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to other organs through branches of blood vessels.

ureters

Drains urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

lungs

Exchange point where carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen enters the blood.

Gastrocnemius

Extends the foot. Flexes the leg.

Triceps Femoris

Extends the shank. Flexes the leg.

Eyeball

Eyeball

Typanic Membrane

Frog's ears. aids in hearing (ear drum). Helps frog avoid predators, locate prey, and find mates.

Pancreas

Gland which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Eyes

Help swallow food by dropping into pouches in the mouth; aid in sight.

Tongue

Inside the mouth, on the lower jaw. Connects to the front of the mouth. Flips out in order to catch food.

Small Intestine

Located after the stomach Beige tubes Absorbs nutrients. Principal organ of digestion and absorption of digested food.

Mesentery

Located around the intestines. It is a membrane that connects/protects the intestines and keeps them together.

Maxillary Teeth

Located at #1. Holds prey.

Eustachian tubes

Located at #5. Equalizes pressure in the frog's ears when it swims.

Glottis

Located at #8. This slit where air passes through to the frog's lungs. Entrance to larynx, helps produce vocalizations and sounds.

Nictating Membrane

Located at S. A thin membrane that covers and protects the eye when the frog swims.keeps eyes moist. Protects eyes under water. goggle like.

Eggs

Located at the end of the probe in the middle bottom of the image, the probe is poked through them. New offspring.

Large Intestine

Located at the end of the small intestine. Removes water from the chyme. Creates and stores feces.

Heart

Located atop the liver lobes Has three chambers (2 atrium and 1 ventricle)Pumps blood through blood vessels throughout the body.

Lung

Located behind the liver on the right and left side. Dark purple/brown Textured A place where the frog can exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Female Oviduct (Fallopian Tubes)

Located on the left and right side. Tiny beige tubes Female reproductive tubes

Fat bodies

Masses of fat in the body cavities of frogs. Needed for hibernating and mating.

Liver

Most predominant organ of the frog. Has three lobes and used for digestion. Secretes bile and processes digested food molecules for any harmful components.

Rectus Internus Major and Minor

Moves the thigh inward.

External Nares

Nasal passages on the external part of the frog. Located at #1. Percieves odors

Testes

The two light brown or tan objects on top of the Kidneys. Male reproductive gland that produces sperm.

Oviducts

Tubes of a female frog's reproductive system that carry eggs from the ovaries to the cloaca.

Stomach

When looking at the frog, it is located on the right side. Made of muscle. Main digestion organ. Chemical: Adds gastric juice to food which contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin that help digest food. Mechanical: Squeezes food to mix with enzymes.

skin breathing

able to absorb oxygen from air/water through moist skin. Oxygen then moves to blood vessels. after, carbon dioxide moves out of blood vessels, and passes through skin.

eye pouches

adds protection, helps helps push food in swallowing prices.

tymphanic membrane

aids in hearing (ear drum). Helps frog avoid predators, locate prey, and find mates.

internal nares

air enters and leaves the mouth through this passage, lined with cells that can detect odor

eustachian aperture

allows frog to balance air pressure inside and outside ear drum. connects mouth to tympanic membrane.

muscle around glottis

allows frog to open and close glottis during breathing or keep glottis closed while swallowing.

esophagus opening

allows frog to swallow large prey.

optic nerve

carries messages from the cells of the retina to the brain

lung breathing

closes external nares, opens glottis, raises chin. forces air from mouth through glottis into trachea and into the lungs. to release air, closes external nares and raises chin. reduces space in mouth and forces air through the nares.