FSHN185 Exam 2

vitamin A, blindness, vitamin A-fortified milk products

A deficiency of ___________________ could result in ___________________. A good food source to prevent this deficiency would be __________________. A. vitamin E, beriberi, seeds and their oils B. vitamin A, blindness, vitamin A-fortified milk products C. thiamin, anemia, plant foods D. vitamin K, scurvy, green leafy vegetables

pica

A woman who craves nonnutritious substances such as ice or chalk is likely suffering from ___________. A. preeclampsia B. pica C. anorexia gestatia D. morning sickness

130 kcal

About how many calories are in one serving (4 oz.) of Mullet? A. 120 kcal B. 155 kcal C. 110 kcal D. 130 kcal

girls may restrict intake to prevent weight gain

Adolescent boys frequently have better nutrient intake that adolescent girls because ____________________. A. boys have lower nutrient requirement than girls B. girls have a higher metabolic rate than boys C. girls may restrict intake to prevent weight gain D. girls generally like a greater variety of foods than boys do

Have Andrea use a cookie cutter to cut the bread.

Andrea is 2 ½ years old. Her mother wants to introduce rye bread to her. How can she promote Andrea's acceptance of this new item? A. Have Andrea use a cookie cutter to cut the bread. B. Serve only rye bread until Andrea decides to like rye bread. C. Require Andrea to stay at the table until her rye bread is consumed. D. Serve rye bread with several other new foods.

a decrease in RMR due to a decrease in lean body mass

As men and women age, they tend to gain weight. This could be due to _______________. A. a decrease in RMR due to an increase in lean body mass B. an increase in RMR due to an increased kcal consumption C. an increase in RMR due to an increase in activity D. a decrease in RMR due to a decrease in lean body mass

increase physical activity

As one finds her or his weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to ___________. A. restrict more food choices B. increase physical activity C. go off the weight control program and take a break D. reduce food intake to 800 kcalories

No level of alcohol intake during pregnancy is guaranteed risk-free.

At what level and pattern of alcohol consumption is a pregnant woman guaranteed to be risk-free for producing an infant with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome? A. Two 1 ½-oz drinks of hard liquor once each week. B. No level of alcohol intake during pregnancy is guaranteed risk-free. C. Three 12-oz beers spaced evenly throughout each week. D. One 5-oz glass of wine each evening with dinner.

antioxidant capacity

B-carotene, vitamin E, and vitamin C seem to be protective against certain forms of cancer. What do they have in common? A. anabolic capacity B. antioxidant capacity C. regulate cellular growth D. improve skin defenses

The human body can get energy only from proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and alcohol.

Which of the following statements is/are true? A. The human body can get energy only from proteins, fats, carbohydrates, and alcohol. B. A gram of fat provides the body with more than twice the kcals available in a gram of protein. C. A gram of alcohol provides more calories than a gram of fat. D. A gram of protein provides more kcals to the body than a gram of carbohydrate.

alcohol, protein, lipids

Which of the following substances are all potential sources of energy in the human body? A. alcohol, protein, lipids B. protein, carbohydrates, minerals C. water, vitamins, minerals D. vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates E. carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins

vitamin D

Which of the following vitamin deficiencies is known as rickets? A. folate B. ascorbic acid C. vitamin D D. niacin

osteoporosis

Which one of the following conditions can be prevented or improved in women with frequent exercise, generous intake of calcium, intakes of recommended amounts of vitamin D, little or no alcohol, and/or estrogen therapy? A. osteoporosis B. diverticular disease C. cancer D. obesity

Eat more often to increase overall food intake and increase strength exercise.

Carlos is about 10 lbs below what he considers his ideal body weight. What is the most appropriate advice you could offer regarding healthy weight gain? A. Increase intake of regular soda pop which contains mainly kcalories. B. Keep trying...everyone can gain weight. C. Increase aerobic exercise to increase carbohydrate retention. D. Eat more often to increase overall food intake and increase strength exercise.

lie down after she eats

Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all of the following EXCEPT ___________________. A. lie down after she eats B. avoid spicy food C. consume liquids between meals D. eat less fatty foods

folate

During pregnancy, which of the following nutrients is commonly recommended in supplement form? A. folate B. vitamin C C. cholesterol D. carbohydrate

Both a & c

During pregnancy, women need an extra 45 g of carbohydrate each day in addition to the recommended RDA (130 g/day). Which food item from the Pacific Food Guide should a pregnant women consume for a good (10-19% of DV) source of carbohydrates? A. Taro B. Albacore Tuna C. Banana D. Both a & c

is possibly related to a low intake of potassium

Hypertension ___________________________. A. is not affected by genetics B. may be indirectly related to calicium intake C. is often associated with a healthy body weight D. is possibly related to a low intake of potassium

chloride: component of gastric acid

Identify correct functions for the minerals listed below. A. phosphorus: component of niacin compound B. chloride: component of gastric acid C. sulfur: part of teeth and bones D. calcium: coenzyme

uses intermediates created from glycolysis and break down of amino acids and fatty acids

Identify the correct option to describe the citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle) within the cell. A. uses intermediates created from glycolysis and break down of amino acids and fatty acids B. produces a large amount of energy, trapped as ADP C. converts hydrogen atoms and oxygen to water D. is the first step in glycolysis (the break down of glucose)

tomato

Identify the food that would contain the lowest amount of sodium per serving? A. Tomato paste B. Tomato C. Tomato sauce D. Tomato juice

canned peaches in juice

Identify the food which would probably contain the lowest concentration of sodium. A. kim chee (pickled cabbage) B. frozen pizza C. bologna on wheat bread with mayonnaise D. canned peaches in juice

propping bottle containing milk or juice in bed to feed baby while falling asleep

Identify the most common cause of nursing bottle syndrome (baby bottle caries). A. propping bottle containing milk or juice in bed to feed baby while falling asleep B. excess sucrose in cow's milk formula prepared at home C. use of pacifier dipped in sugar or honey D. mother had inadequate micronutrients in diet during pregnancy

bioavailability of minerals in the diet is high

Mineral deficiencies are least likely to occur when ________________________ A. bioavailability of minerals in the diet is high B. when a person is rapidly growing C. a person is in good health D. the overall diet is low in kilocalories

regulate body functions

One of the general characteristics of all vitamins is that they _________________. A. function as enzymes B. regulate body functions C. are inorganic D. provide extra energy

allowing her to examine food with her fingers

Positive eating patterns for a toddler can be promoted by __________________. A. rewarding him with dessert when he has cleaned his plate B. allowing her to examine food with her fingers C. allowing her to stand and play at the table D. making certain he eats all of the nutritious food at each meal

mitochondrion

Production of energy from the absorbed components of protein, fat, and carbohydrate occurs primarily in which part of the cell? A. selectively-permeable membrane B. fat droplet C. mitochondrion D. cytoplasm or cytosol

ATP

Protein and fatty acids from the diet can both be converted in the body to ___________________. A. vitamins B. minerals C. urea D. ATP

Pua's weight at this stage is normal and appropriate.

Pua is 25 years old and gained 30 lbs during her second pregnancy; her daughter weighed 7 lbs at birth. When Pua weighed herself the day after the birth, she weighed 15 lbs more than her pre-pregnant weight. Which of the following statements is correct? A. Pua's weight at this stage is normal and appropriate. B. Pua is likely never to lose the extra 15 lbs. C. Pua retained much more weight than is desirable. D. Pua gained too much weight during the pregnancy.

the mother is often still growing herself.

Teenage pregnancies are considered "high-risk pregnancies" because _________. A. health insurance companies do not provide pre-natal care to teenagers. B. the developing baby is more likely to be born with Down's Syndrome. C. the mother is often still growing herself. D. the mother's body will be unable to produce breast milk.

middle age

The best preparation for healthy old age begins at: A. conception B. puberty C. middle age D. retirement

a weight-training program

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be slowed down or prevented by ________________. A. eating a lot of protein B. a weight-training program C. taking vitamin / mineral supplements D. eating a lot of kcals

calorie restriction

The dietary change that is most significantly related to longevity in non-human animal studies is ________________________. A. high carbohydrate intake B. calories restriction C. low-fat intake D. protein restriction

thermic effect of food; 5-10

The energy expended to digest, absorb, and further process nutrients in food is called the __________. This equals approximately _____% of energy intake. A. thermic effect of metabolism; 25-35 B. heat content of absorption; 40-50 C. thermic effect of food; 5-10 D. nutrient density; 15-20

colostrum

The fluid that is made by the human breast during the first few weeks after birth is _______. A. lobulars B. aviolar C. colostrum D. prolactin

fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables

The foods that provide most of the vitamin C in our diet are ___________________ and the foods that provide the most vitamin A precursors such as beta-carotene are ___________________. A. milk and milk products, meat substitutes B. meat substitutes, fruits and vegetables C. fruits and vegetables, fruits and vegetables D. fruits and vegetables, grain products

350; second

The increased energy cost of pregnancy is approximately __________________ kcalories per day during the _______________ trimester. Assume there is only one fetus. A. 100; first B. 350; second C. 100; second D. 350; third

the organ in the mother's body in which the baby develops

The uterus is ___________________________. A. the organ in the mother's body in which the baby develops B. a fat soluble substance that can function as a teratogen for a developing baby C. the organ that filters a fetus's blood D. a period of time during which cell division brings about a great increase in tissue mass

as coenzymes

The water-soluble B-vitamins function primarily _________________________. A. in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism B. in blood clotting C. as antioxidants D. as coenzymes

Niacin and riboflavin act as coenzymes.

Vitamins place a role in five major functions in thee body. Which of the following is an example of how vitamins may function in energy metabolism? A. Vitamin K functions in blood clotting. B. Niacin and riboflavin act as coenzymes. C. Vitamin A is required for vision. D. Vitamin B12 acts as an antioxidant.

vitamin K injection

What is recommended for virtually every newborn, whether breast-fed or bottle-fed with a commercial infant formula? A. vitamin K injection B. vitamin D enriched formula C. iron supplement D. water in bottle

Eat foods that have not been heavily processed such as whole grains.

What is the best route to maintain adequate intakes of copper, cobalt, chromium, manganese, and molybdenum? A. Use enriched bread and cereal products. B. Drink water that has not been "softened" chemically C. Eat foods that have not been heavily processed such as whole grains. D. Take a mineral supplement that contains 200% RDA for all minerals every other day.

rice cereal

What is the most appropriate first food for an infant? A. rice cereal B. bananas C. baby hotdogs D. pureed squash

Studies that have been done with older adults show that their need for some nutrients increases, for some nutrients it decreases, and for other nutrients it stays the same.

What is the status of our knowledge regarding the nutritional needs of the adult who is 60 years or older? A. Studies that have been done with older adults show that their need for some nutrients increases, for some nutrients it decreases, and for other nutrients it stays the same. B. Some studies have been done, and they show that the needs of the older adult are quantitatively the same as those of the young adult. C. No studies have been done on people over 60 years of age; all nutritional recommendations are drawn from studies of young adults. D. Studies that have been done show that the need for all nutrients increases for the older adult.

Provide safe and nourishing food.

What responsibility do caregivers have in regard to a preschool child's food? A. Prohibit the child from consuming "junk food." B. Offer meals and snacks whenever a child asks for food C. Decide how much the child should eat. D. Provide safe and nourishing food.

Pregnancy increases it.

Which conditions have the stated effect on basal metabolic rate? A. Aging (beyond 30 years) increases it. B. Pregnancy increases it. C. Starvation increases it. D. Fever decreases it.

Difference: vitamins are organic, but minerals aren't.

Which correctly states a similarity or difference between vitamins and minerals? A. Similarity: both are macronutrients B. Similarity: both are produced in the body. C. Difference: vitamins are organic, but minerals aren't. D. Difference: vitamins regulate metabolic reactions, but minerals don't.

Similarity: both regulate metabolic reactions.

Which correctly states a similarity or differenct between vitamins and minerals? A. Similarity: both regulate metabolic reactions. B. Difference: vitamins are energy sources, but minerals aren't. C. Similarity: both are organic. D. Difference: vitamins are micronutrients but minerals aren't.

dietary fiber

Which factors present in some foods can decrease the bioavailability of particular minerals? A. lipids B. metabolic water C. vitamin C D. dietary fiber

Guava

Which food would you recommend Pacific Islanders eat for an excellent source (>20% of DV) of vitamin C? A. Guava B. Breadfruit C. Hibiscus D. Banana

all of these people are at risk of vitamin deficiencies

Which individual(s) might be at increased risk for deficiency of one or more vitamins? A. all of these people are at risk of vitamin deficiencies B. Sara, aged 65, whose chronic abuse of alcohol has caused severe liver damage. C. Suki, aged 19, who eats a variety of foods, but consistently limits her intake to 800 kcal/day to maintain her weight. D. Tran, aged 10, eats mostly unenriched rice because of his family's extreme poverty.

An important prevention strategy is to develop substantial bone mass during growth.

Which is the most accurate statement about osteoporosis? A. all of these are correct B. The best way to restore bone mass that has already been lost is aggressive supplementation with phosphorus. C. Any measurable loss of bone mass is regarded as osteoporosis. D. An important prevention strategy is to develop substantial bone mass during growth.

iodine / trace mineral / thyroid function

Which mineral / type / function combinations are correct? A. manganese / major mineral / energy metabolism B. iodine / trace mineral / thyroid function C. fluoride / trace mineral / acid-base balance D. calcium / trace mineral / component of bone matrix

It will often take Kehau over an hour to eat a small meal.

Which of the following behaviors would be most consistent with anorexia nervosa? A. It will often take Kehau over an hour to eat a small meal. B. Kevin uses MyFitnessPal to track every calorie he eats. C. Margarita fasts according to her religious beliefs. D. Miyoko will often eat very large amounts of cookies and chips when no one else is around.

Magnesium / energy metabolism / whole grains

Which of the following combination of items (nutrient/function/source) are appropriate together? A. Calcium / bone structure/ beef B. Iron / energy metabolism / plant oils C. Magnesium / energy metabolism / whole grains D. Sodium / connective tissue / fruits and vegetables

Chicken

Which of the following foods from the "Walks Along the Ground" section of the Pacific Food Guide has the highest number of calories per serving? A. Pig B. Deer C. Chicken D. Cattle

All statements are correct.

Which of the following is/are correct statement(s) about vitamin D? A. Vitamin D is essential for normal calcium and phosphorus absorption. B. Megadoses of vitamin D may lead to soft tissue damage. C. All statements are correct. D. Vitamin D can be synthesized by the human body.

Teach a teen how to cook using nutrient dense foods

Which of the following may help overweight teens manage their body weight? A. Train a teen to eat only at meal time and avoid all snacks B. Teach a teen how to cook using nutrient dense foods C. Require the teen to consume a vegan diet D. Provide teens a list of 'good' and 'bad' foods

mercury

Which of the following metal(s) is/are NOT considered nutrients for humans? A. copper B. molybdenum C. mercury D. sulfur

overeating

Which of the following represent a possible response to weight-loss from severe dieting (kcal restriction > 1000 kcal/day)? A. overeating B. increased lean body mass C. improved emotional status D. increased BMR

basal metabolic rate

Which of the following represents the greatest energy expenditure for the typical, moderately active person? A. thermic effect of physical activity B. basal metabolic rate C. thermic effect of food D. adaptive thermogenesis

BMR (65%), PA (25%), TEF (10%)

Which of the following represents typical proportions of daily energy use for an average person? Assume that this person is not engaged in strenuous physical activity and energy for adaptive thermogenesis is 0. A. BMR (65%), PA (25%), TEF (10%) B. BMR (35%), PA (35%), TEF (30%) C. BMR (10%), PA (60%), TEF (30%) D. BMR (25%), PA (65%), TEF (10%)

potassium, sulfur, sodium

Which of the following sets of minerals are all major minerals for the human? A. calcium, phosphorus, iron B. manganese, copper, iodide C. potassium, sulfur, sodium D. chromium, chloride, manganese

fat increases, protein decreases and other body compounds decrease

Which of the following statements best describes the change in body composition from twenty years of age to seventy years of age? A. fat decreases, protein increases and other body compounds decrease B. fat increases, protein increases and other body compounds remain unchanged C. fat increases, protein decreases and other body compounds decrease D. fat decreases, protein decreases and other body compounds increase

false

T/F: Cabbage contains no vitamin C.

True

T/F: Citrus fruits, such as oranges, contain about 6% of the recommended Daily Value for calcium.

True

T/F: Drumstick tree is a good source of iron, providing about 10% of the recommended Daily Value.

vitamin D: chow mein (chicken tofu, bean sprouts, onions, celery fried noodles), black tea, fortune cookies

Identify which menu is probably missing a good source of the stated vitamin. A. vitamin D: chow mein (chicken tofu, bean sprouts, onions, celery fried noodles), black tea, fortune cookies B. vitamin K: calzone (pizza crust stuffed with spinach and cheese), soda pop, ice cream C. vitamin B-6: ham steak, fried bananas, mashed potatoes, lima beans, dinner roll, milk D. vitamin B-12: "loco moco" (white rice, beef patty, fried egg, gravy), guava juice, coffee with cream and sugar

1700 kcal/day

If Carlotta wants to lose about one pound of fat per week and has previously maintained that weight by eating 2200 kcal/day, how many kcal/day should she now eat? (Assume that Carlotta's activity level is appropriate and will remain the same.) A. 1500 kcal/day B. 1700 kcal/day C. 1200 kcal/day D. 2000 kcal/day

Supplement at no more than 100-150% of the RDA for the vitamins and minerals listed.

If a friend asks for advice about using vitamin/mineral tablets, what could you tell her about supplementing wisely? A. Use synthetic supplements because they are more potent than natural ones. B. Supplements can make up for an otherwise poor diet. C. Supplement at no more than 100-150% of the RDA for the vitamins and minerals listed. D. Most supplements are stable at room temperature indefinitely.

folate

It is estimated that about one half of cases of neural tube defect could be prevented if women consume enough ________________ before they become pregnant and during early pregnancy. A. vitamin A B. niacin C. folate D. vitamin C

They ingested nearly equal amounts of kcals.

Keo and Subi ate lunch together. Keo had a roast beef sandwich (30 g PRO, 50 g CHO, 20 g FAT), whereas Subi had a chicken breast sandwich (25 g PRO, 45 g CHO, 25 g FAT). Who ingested more kcals, assuming each ate nothing but a sandwich? A. They ingested nearly equal amounts of kcals. B. Subi ate far more kcals than Keo. C. Keo ate far more kcals than Subi. D. There are insufficient data to answer the question.

Her attempts did not involve a sustainable lifestyle change, so she regained weight.

Mikala's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Mikala doesn't like to exercise. Which of the following is true about Mikala's situation? A. Her attempts did not involve a sustainable lifestyle change, so she regained weight. B. Her frequent loss attempts have most likely led to her gaining greater amounts of lean body mass. C. Her problem results only from poor habits, because studies have shown that genetics is an insignificant contributor to obesity. D. Her problem is genetic and there is no reason for her to attempt to manage body weight.

recycled to be used more than once

Vitamins are required in the diet in extremely small quantities because in the body vitamins are __________________. A. provide reusable energy B. usually present as part of the body's structure C. changed from unavailable to available compounds D. recycled to be used more than once

Both the fat-soluble vitamins and the water-soluble vitamins include vitamins that have caused toxicity when taken in high doses for extended periods of time.

Which option best describes the potential for toxicity among different types of vitamins? A. The fat-soluable and the water soluable vitamins are all toxic at levels in excess of ten times the RDA. B. Two of the water-soluble vitamins are the most toxic of all the vitamins, but the others are relatively non-toxic. C. All of the fat-soluble vitamins are more toxic than any of the water soluble vitamins. D. Both the fat-soluble vitamins and the water-soluble vitamins include vitamins that have caused toxicity when taken in high doses for extended periods of time.

first trimester

Which period of development has the greatest risk of developmental problems during pregnancy? A. first trimester B. The rise is similar in all three trimester C. second trimester D. third trimester

laxative abuse/normal weight/electrolyte imbalance

Which set of descriptors best fits bulimia? A. laxative abuse/normal weight/electrolyte imbalance B. extreme starvation/excellent grades/fine body hair C. gross overeating/extreme thinness/tooth problems D. high metabolic rate/slightly underweight/iron deficiency

The pattern of weight gain is as important as the absolute amount gained.

Which statement about weight gain during pregnancy is true? A. Half of the total weight gain should be due to the infant itself (i.e., the baby's birth weight). B. The pattern of weight gain is as important as the absolute amount gained. C. Overweight pregnant women should gain as little weight as possible during pregnancy. D. Experts recommend that most of the weight gain should occur during the first trimester.

All minerals required in amounts less than 100 mg/day are called trace minerals.

Which statement(s) about minerals is/are correct? A. The relative importance of a mineral is directly related to its amount in the body. B. Minerals are nonessential nutrients C. All minerals required in amounts less than 100 mg/day are called trace minerals. D. Minerals are organic elements that can serve as regulators in the body.

Phytate decreases the absorption of some minerals.

Which statements about mineral bioavailabilty are true? A. Ascorbic acid decreases the bioavailability of none-heme iron. B. Vitamin E increases the bioavailability of calcium. C. Non-heme iron is absorbed better than heme iron. D. Phytate decreases the absorption of some minerals.

Vitamin C increases the bioavailability of non-heme iron.

Which statements about vitamins are true? A. Vitamin C increases the bioavailability of non-heme iron. B. Vitamins provide about 3 kcal per gram. C. Megadoses of preformed vitamin A are good for developing fetus. D. Natural forms of vitamins are always superior to synthetic forms.

Iron, calcium

Which two minerals are most likely to be deficient in an American diet? A. Sulfur, phosphorous B. Calcium, copper C. Sodium, iron D. Iron, calcium

folate/megaloblastic anemia

Which vitamin/deficiency disease combination is correct? A. riboflavin/scurvy B. vitamin D/pellagra C. folate/megaloblastic anemia D. vitamin E/rickets

folate/megaloblastic anemia

Which vitamin/deficiency disease combination is correct? A. vitamin D/pellagra B. vitamin E/rickets C. folate/megaloblastic anemia D. riboflavin/scurvy

Albacore Tuna

Women who are vegan and pregnant must plan their diet carefully to ensure that they receive sufficient amounts of protein, vitamins D, B-6, B-12; iron, calcium and zinc. Which food item from the Pacific Food Guide would provide the best source of vitamin B-12? A. Albacore Tuna B. Bittermelon C. Eggplant D. None of the above.