FT 3-4

Broadcasts

Layer 3 switches do a good job of containing?

Lesson 8

Lesson eight - Troubleshooting a TCP/IP Network

Lesson 11

Lesson eleven - Ethernet Local Area Networks

Lesson 5

Lesson five - TCP/IP Services

Lesson 4

Lesson four - TCP/IP Protocols

Lesson 9

Lesson nine - Introduction to Multiplexing

Lesson 1

Lesson one - TCP/IP Structure and Addressing

Lesson 7

Lesson seven - How TCP/IP applications work

Lesson 6

Lesson six - Routing TCP/IP

Lesson 10

Lesson ten - Review of Local Area Network Fundamentals

Lesson 13

Lesson thirteen - Apple Operating System (MACOS)

Lesson 3

Lesson three - TCP/IP Addressing and Subnets

Lesson 12

Lesson twelve - LINUX Operating System

Lesson 2

Lesson two - Overview of TCP/IP Applications

OSI Layer Functions

OSI/RM - Open Systems Interconnection reference model

Logical addresses

Port addresses and network addresses are two types of?

E-band

CWDM applications were expanded to include use in large metropolitan networks, utilizing wavelengths in what band?

Layer 6 - Presentation

Character representation, data compression, security

Layer 5 - Session

Communication between devices. Establishing, conducting, and ending sessions

Layer 3 - Network

The routing layer (IP addresses, routers, packets). Transmitting individual packets across a network

OpenLDAP

What Linux application supports centralized user authorization and directory services?

Slackware

What Linux distribution has the distinction of being the oldest surviving Linux distribution that is known for its stability?

WINE

What Linux tool allows you to run Windows applications natively on an x86 platform?

ifconfig

What Linux tool is used for monitoring and changing network parameters?

SpamAssassin

What Open Source mail filter does an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server use for junk mail filtering?

netstat

What TCP/IP troubleshooting utility that displays statistics and the state of current TCP/IP connections?

All devices are connected by a single electrical circuit

What accurately describes a bus topology?

Subnetting

What allows network administrators to break up a single network address into smaller network addresses.

Samba

What application allows Linux to share files and printers with Microsoft Windows devices?

Pages, a word processing application Numbers, a spreadsheet application Keynote, a presentation application

What applications are available in Apple iWork?

Bitmap (.BMP), graphics interchange format (GIF), and joint photography experts group (.JPG or .JPEG)

What are common file extensions used to transfer image data in FTP?

Interior neighbors

What are routers that belong to the same autonomous system (AS) called?

iMovie, iTunes and GarageBand

What are some common applications included with Mac OS X/macOS in an Apple computer?

Data type, file structure, and transmission mode

What are some issues that can arise when making a file available for transfer to other users?

The client requests parameters and the server provides the parameters.

What are the DHCP client/server components?

Unique pairs of network layer and transport layer addresses and use of the TCP/IP protocol suit.

What are the primary requirements to connect a transmission control protocol/ internet protocol (TCP/IP) network?

TCP messages are tracked to ensure they are received; UDP messages are sent without tracking.

What is the primary difference between transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP)?

To minimize broadcast traffic

What is the primary reason to build a VLAN?

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

What is the protocol for sending packets quickly with minimal error-checking and no resending of dropped packets?

A network mask

What isolates an IP address's network portion from its host portion?

IP prefix

What might be considered shorthand notation for the combined network and subnet mask?

Decapsulate the packet.

What must the network Layer do first to a received frame in order to determine the route which it will forward the datagram to the next network?

Domain name system (DNS) dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) network address translation (NAT) firewalling network time protocol (NTP)

What network and virtual private network (VPN) services does an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server employ?

The host portion and network portion.

What network information can be determined from a logical Internet protocol (IP) address?

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

What part of the TCP/IP protocol is used for determining the MAC address based on the IP address?

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

What protocol allows users to scan email headers and choose email messages to download from the email server?

A UDP destination port number.

What provides user datagram protocol (UDP) with the ability to demultiplex data for an application?

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

What routing protocol bases routing decisions on the network path and rules?

Simple network management protocol version 3 (SNMPv3), Secure Shell access, and server monitor

What server management services are installed on an Apple Mac OS XmacOS server?

Distributed computing with Xgrid

What service on an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server enables multiple computers to work together on a single task?

Services a company would need to operate a business

What services are typically included in Apple's Mac OS X/macOS server?

Static IP

What type of IP address is manually assigned to a device and remains constant until it is manually changed.

Peer

What type of process is located on two computers that perform approximately the same services?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) server.

What type of server maintains an access log to assist with troubleshooting and tracking down malicious users?

Static Routing System

What type of system doesn't operate well in an environment of rapid growth or change? - Static - Dynamic

ipconfig

What utility is used to display TCP/IP addressing, default gateway information, and domain name information in the Windows client operating systems.

Knoppix

What was developed as a CD-based Debian-like distribution, or design, to run off the CD drive?

115.200.44.2.

What would be the IP address 01110011.11001000.00101100.00000010 in decimal form?

10101100.01000100.00001010.00000010

What would be the IP address 172.68.10.2 in binary?

Assigns internal address to one of a pool of external addresses.

When NAT uses IP address translation, it assigns external addresses to internal devices in what way?

When the client has recently made a request to the same server

When a client connects to a web browser, the first action is typically MAC address resolution. Under what circumstance may address resolution be bypassed?

Encapsulation

When an application is sending data to a distant computer, what process occurs on the sending node?

Identifying the exact issue relating to a problem

When troubleshooting, asking the question, "Has anything changed recently that might have had an impact?", will aid you in:

It selects the route with the highest precedence

When using multipath routing and multiple routes are available for a single destination address, how does the router make the route selection?

/etc/sysconfig directory

Where does Red Hat store networking parameters?

Root domains.

Where does the DNS namespace begin?

Codes 128-256

Which DHCP codes carries vendor-specific options in a private network?

CD (change directory)

Which FTP command allows you to change directories within a file listing?

OPTIONS

Which HTTP message request from the client allows it to obtain additional information regarding options and requirements without initiating any actions on the part of the server?

Fragment Offset.

Which Internet protocol (IP) packet fragmentation header field specifies where the fragment belongs in the original datagram?

Fragment Free

Which Layer 2 switch type reads the first 64 bytes of a frame and then forwards it to the destination interface?

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

Which TCP/IP Internetwork Layer provides troubleshooting utilities such as ping and traceroute?

Telnet

Which TCP/IP application allows a network to remotely log on and manipulate a network device?

ping

Which command is used to verify whether another host on a TCP/IP network is reachable?

Router.

Which device evaluates and acts upon a packet's Internet protocol (IP) address?

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (IMAP4).

Which email protocol enables the messages to be viewed without first downloading them from the email server?

Base 10

Which is another name for the decimal number system?

6

Which is the Internet protocol (IP) header protocol number used to specify that the packet's contents were created with transmission control protocol (TCP)?

23.160.0.0.

Which is the result of ANDing the IP address 23.176.224.18 with the subnet mask 255.224.0.0?

Data Link Layer

Which layer in the OSI reference model is the only layer that adds a trailer to the data it transmits?

The Transport Layer (Layer 4).

Which layer of the OSI/RM would you suspect as being the problem when packets are arriving at the server but no information is being returned to the client?

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Which protocol allows a diskless workstation to contact a server and obtain an Internet protocol (IP) address?

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

Which protocol allows dynamic IP address allocation so users do not have to have a preconfigured IP address to use the network

Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)

Which protocol allows email clients to download their messages from an email server?

/16.

Which represents the prefix bits for the subnet mask 255.255.0.0?

Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)

Which router protocol type shares routing information within the autonomous system (AS)?

Identify the exact issue

Which step is the most important of the 6 network troubleshooting steps?

SYN.

Which transmission control protocol (TCP) header control bit represents that the message is initiating a connection?

Ipconfig

Which troubleshooting utility is frequently used as a starting point for TCP/IP network problem isolation to learn what network a device resides on?

Destination and source.

Which two ports are contained in the transmission control protocol (TCP) header?

Port 161

Which user datagram protocol (UDP) port address do simple network management protocol (SNMP) agents use to send and receive management requests?

22

Which user datagram protocol (UDP) port address enables connection to a device running secure shell?

Version 2

Which version of the packet-based multimedia communications system, covered by the H.323 standard, was the first to standardize requirements for communications between a PC-based telephone and a telephone on the switched circuit network (SCN) of the public telephone system?

Because they exchange routing information

Why are routers known as neighbors or peers?

To reduce routing table entries.

Why did the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) design Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)?

Using traps is consistent with the goal of simplicity and minimizing the amount of traffic generated by the network management function

Why does SNMP use unsolicited messages (traps) from the network elements to poll for appropriate information?

A switch

Virtual local area networks (VLAN) are typically implemented using which type of device?

The synchronous transport signal (STS) frame

In a SONET what is the basic building block having a data transmission rate of 51.84 Mbps?

Static

Stub routing is best used on which route type? - Dynamic - Static

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

What is the communications standard for sending voice, video or data over digital telephone lines.

Port 67

What is the correct destination of a UDP port number for a DHCPDISCOVER message?

store and forward

What is the data transmission method used to send data to a server or router where the data is stored until the next hop becomes available?

default gateway

What is the first IP address of a device that a client computer will look for when attempting to gain access outside the local network.

Network Interface Card (NIC)

What is the hardware component that enables computers to communicate over a network?

Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)

What is the international organization responsible for allocation of IP addresses?

ICANN

What is the international organization that approves top-level domain names?

100 meters

What is the maximum length of a 10GBase-T Ethernet connection using category 7 (CAT-7) shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable?

Layer 4 - Transport

TCP & UDP. Transmitting messages from sending computer process to receiving computer process

Application

Telnet is a protocol in which TCP/IP layer?

Class A.

The address 68.56.189.17 belongs to which Internet protocol (IP) class?

The network portion of the net mask is set to all ones, and the host is set to all zeros

In a net mask address, what identifies the network and host portions of the address?

Layer five, the application layer containing Cocoa and Carbon

In the five-layer hierarchy of Apple's operating systems, Mac OS X/macOS, which layer is most complex?

It is used in passive optical networks (PON).

In what type of installation is wide wavelength division multiplexing (WWDM) used?

A protocol stack

The interaction between processes and protocols forms what?

Protocols for the Network Layer

Internet protocol (IP) and X.25 are considered to be which of the following?

Direct Delivery

SMTP is which type of message delivery system?

Management Information Base (MIB)

SNMP gathers network information from what type of database?

8

A Class C network address provides for how many host bits?

24

A Class C network address provides for how many network bits?

Multicast Address

A Class D address is also known as which type of address?

254

A class C address provides for a maximum of how many usable hosts?

0.0.0.0/0

A default static route is simply a static route with ___________ as the destination IPv4 address?

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

A protocol used to monitor, manage, or alter network devices, such as routers, switches, and servers.

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

A repeater operates at which layer of the OSI/RM?

Routing table

A router makes its packet forwarding decision based on what information?

The host requests the information.

A store-and-forward email system will not deliver messages until:

Host portion

A subnet's broadcast address has which portion's bits set to all ones?

Each computer is assigned its own IP address.

All computers running on the TCP/IP suite have which of the following in common?

Class C IP address range

An IP address in the 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255 range is what class of IP?

At 50% of the original lease time

At which point in the DHCP lease period does the client first attempt to renew its lease?

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

The physical address of a device is processed by which layer of the OSI/RM?

Collision domain

Devices connected to hubs share the same?

Store-and-forward switches are more accurate, but cut-through switches are faster

How are store-and-forward Ethernet switches different from cut-through switches?

The type field is replaced with the length field

How does IEEE 802.3 frame format differ from Ethernet Version 2 frame format?

By assigning each signal a specific frequency or band of frequencies called a channel.

How does frequency division multiplexing (FDM) enable multiple signals to share a common medium?

Type "ping" from a command line

How would an operator find a list of options available for the ping utility?

Stateless

Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is what type of protocol?

When well-defined error conditions occur they generate an unsolicited message called a trap

In SNMP, when do passive management agents take action on their own initiative?

The network administrator

In Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), who defines the use of traps?

4096

If we borrow 12 bits from a class B address, how many usable subnets have we created?

8

If we borrow 3 bits from a Class C network address, how many useable subnets have we created?

A daemon.

On the file transfer protocol (FTP) server, what manages client requests for file retrieval or transmission?

Stub routing

On what network type is a static route best used?

A Mach kernel, XNU kernel, and various Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) system calls

The Mac OS X/macOS kernel includes which elements?

It uses Layer 3 addresses to create multiple routed networks.

The Open Systems Interconnection reference model (OSI/RM) Network Layer serves which primary purpose?

255

The maximum Domain Name System (DNS) domain name length is how many bytes?

The C-band (1,530 to 1,565 nm)

The most commonly used DWDM channels in broadband cable networks are in which band?

Layer 2 - Data Link

The switching layer. Transmitting frames containing a packet across a link en-route to its final destination.

Layer 1 - Physical

Transmitting bits across physical media

The Transport Layer

Transmitting messages from a sending computer process to a receiving computer process is the function of which layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

GNU General Public License (GPL)

Under what license is Linux released?

Layer 7 - Application

User functionality. The layer we see - Google Mail, Twitter, Facebook

Cells

What are the units called that transport asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) data?

OpenLDAP Kerberos Active Directory (AD) connector RADIUS

What authentication and directory services does an Apple Mac OS X/macOS server employ?

It is a multicarrier transport scheme in which narrowband carriers (subcarriers) are modulated independently, and then multiplexed together.

What best describes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)?

A process is a subset of a program

What best describes the difference between a process and a program?

Router receives data packets before it receives routing information, causing router to generate additional address-request messages for routing information.

What can cause routing loops in the flat router architecture?

The Gatekeeper

What component of the packet-based multimedia communications system, covered by the H.323 standard, is considered to be the "brain" of the network?

The number of input channels to the multiplexer

What determines the length of a TDM frame?

Distance Vector Algorithms

What do routers use to determine the shortest path from each neighbor router to all other network destinations?

The transfer of information across a TCP/IP network.

What do these 5 steps accomplish? 1) obtaining logical addresses 2) obtaining physical addresses 3) establishing a connection between applications 4) the transfer of information 5) the termination of the connection

Distinguish between two similar names

What does the Domain Name Systems (DNS) allow users to do?

Realtime audio, video, and data communications over IP packet networks

What does the packet-based multimedia communications systems, covered by the H.323, cover?

Enter "tracert" followed by a host name for the Internet site

What entry would be made to log each hop along the way to a specific Internet site?

smb.conf

What file handles Samba Server Configuration in Linux?

The datagram loops back inside the host and never leaves the network interface card (NIC).

What happens to a datagram sent by a higher level protocol to a 127.x.y.z address?

The browser and server drop the connections, and the browser maintains the page and its elements in local memory.

What happens when the browser application finishes downloading the files necessary to display a web page?

RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol)

What internet protocol enables routers to schedule and prioritize packets to fulfill Quality of Service (QoS)?

A Data Link Layer specification for media access control (MAC), which defines how network nodes can use a shared medium to transmit signals to one another

What is Ethernet?

The hiding of all internal addresses behind one external address.

What is NAT Masquerading?

Static systems do not operate well in an environment of rapid growth or change.

What is a characteristic of static routing?

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

What is a communications method for transferring data between computers on the Internet

The leased-line facilities of the public telephone network

What is an X.25 network, whether public or private, typically built upon?

Transport of empty time slots

What is an inefficient characteristic of synchronous TDM that is addressed by statistical TDM?

internetwork layer

What is another name for the Internet or Network layer in the TCP/IP model.

Base 2

What is another name given to the counting system for Binary?

The distance between communicating computers

What is commonly is used to classify networks?

Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)

What is the Internet protocol used by news servers that enables the exchange of newsgroup (Usenet) articles.

Domain Name System (DNS)

What is the Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses?

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

What is the Internet standard protocol for transferring e-mail messages from one computer to another.

Command interpreter and scripting language

What is the Linux shell?

10001000

What is the binary equivalent of decimal 136?

OC-192

With what synchronous optical network (SONET) standard is 10GBase-EW/LW/SW compatible?

resource records

Zones maintain domain name information in which record types?

ping -l

what command pings the host but you can specify the amount of bytes per packet to be sent?

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)

what system is an Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) that shares many of the same features as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)?