Fundamentals of Computer Science Exam 1 Review

Front-End

Markup and web languages such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and ancillary libraries commonly used in those languages such as Sass or JQuery

Business Ethics

Moral principles applied to business issues and actions

Procedural Language

Procedural programming is a programming paradigm, derived from structured programming, based upon the concept of the procedure call.

Programing Paradigm

Programming paradigms are a way to classify programming languages based on their features. Languages can be classified into multiple paradigms

Megabyte (MB)

The unit prefix mega is a multiplier of 1000000 in the International System of Units

Syntax Error

a character or string incorrectly placed in a command or instruction that causes a failure in execution.

Library

a collection of films, recorded music, genetic material, etc., organized systematically and kept for research or borrowing.

Machine Language

a computer programming language consisting of binary or hexadecimal instructions that a computer can respond to directly.

Programing Languages

a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.

Byte

a group of binary digits or bits (usually eight) operated on as a unit.

Team

a group of players forming one side in a competitive game or sport.

Software License

a legally binding agreement that specifies the terms of use for an application and defines the rights of the software producer and of the end-user.

Assembly Language

a low-level symbolic code converted by an assembler.

Storage Devices

a piece of computer equipment on which information can be stored.

Motherboard

a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted.

Runtime Error

a program error that occurs while the program is running. The term is often used in contrast to other types of program errors, such as syntax errors and compile time errors.

Assembler

a program for converting instructions written in low-level symbolic code into machine code.

Interpreter

a program that can analyze and execute a program line by line.

Compiler

a program that converts instructions into a machine-code or lower-level form so that they can be read and executed by a computer.

Structured Programing

a programming paradigm aimed at improving the clarity, quality, and development time of a computer program by making extensive use of subroutines, block structures

Hard Disk

a rigid nonremovable magnetic disk with a large data storage capacity.

Transistors

a semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in addition to rectification.

Bits

a small piece, part, or quantity of something.

Java Development Toolkit (JDK)

a software development environment used for developing Java applications and applets.

Source Code

a text listing of commands to be compiled or assembled into an executable computer program.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes.

Keyword (or reversed word)

a word or concept of great significance.

Memory

any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.

Javac Command

ava compiler program. It compiles Java source files (.java) into bytecode class files (.class).

Subjective

based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions.

Back-End

denoting a subordinate processor or program, not directly accessed by the user, which performs a specialized function on behalf of a main processor or software system.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

Logic Error

is a bug in a program that causes it to operate incorrectly, but not to terminate abnormally (or crash).

Local Area Network (LAN)

is a computer network that spans a relatively small area.

Modular Design

is a design approach that subdivides a system into smaller parts called modules or skids, that can be independently created and then used in different systems.

Class loader

is a part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the Java Virtual Machine.

High-Level Language

is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer

Event-Driven Programming

is a programming paradigm in which the flow of the program is determined by events such as user actions, sensor outputs, or messages from other programs/threads.

Programing Style

is a set of rules or guidelines used when writing the source code for a computer program

Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

is an abstract computing machine that enables a computer to run a Java program.

Unstructured Programming

is the historically earliest programming paradigm capable of creating Turing-complete algorithms. It is often contrasted with structured programming paradigms, including procedural, functional, and object-oriented programming.

Console

is the text entry and display device for system administration messages

Ethics

moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity.

Gigabyte (GB)

multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix giga means 10⁹ in the International System of Units. Therefore, one is 1000000000bytes.

Terabyte (TB)

multiple of the unit byte for digital information. The prefix tera represents the fourth power of 1000 and means 10¹² in the International System of Units, and therefore one terabyte is one trillion bytes.

Case Sensitive

of a program or function) differentiating between capital and lowercase letters. (of input) treated differently depending on whether it is in capitals or lowercase text.

Low-Level Language

programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture—commands or functions in the language map closely to processor instructions.

Programing

provide (a computer or other machine) with coded instructions for the automatic performance of a particular task.

Object-Oriented Programing (OOP)

refers to a type of computer programming (software design) in which programmers define not only the data type of a data structure, but also the types of operations (functions) that can be applied to the data structure.

Comment

s a programmer-readable explanation or annotation in the source code of a computer program.

Statement

s the smallest standalone element of an imperative programming language that expresses some action to be carried out.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development.

Operating System (OS)

system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Hertz

the SI unit of frequency, equal to one cycle per second.

Project Management

the discipline of initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time.

Software

the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

Hardware

tools, machinery, and other durable equipment.

Statement Terminator

used to demarcate the end of an individual statement.

Gigahertz

wave frequencies equal to 1,000,000,000 Hz

Main Method

you need to have a method named main in at least one class.