Fundamentals of Nursing Practice final exam guide

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes and a new prescription for 14 units of regular insulin and 28 units of NPH insulin subcutaneously at breakfast daily. What is the total number of units of insulin that the nurse should prepare in the insulin syringe?

42 units

A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with end-stage liver cancer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates that the client is in the denial phase of the grief process?

"The doctor says I only have a few months to live, but I know he is exaggerating to get me to take my medication."

A nurse is providing postmortem care to a hospitalized patient. Nursing interventions include? ( Check all that apply)

-Bathe the patient -Place patient in anatomical position -Remove endotracheal tube

A nurse is caring for an older adult client. The nurse should recognize the client is at risk for which of the following physiological changes? (Select all that apply.)

-Decreased gastric motility -Decreased skin elasticity -Increased pain threshold

A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative. Which of the following statements about pain management should the nurse consider when implementing client care? (Select all that apply.)

-Each client's expression of pain may be different and individualized. -Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) offers a constant level of opioids within therapeutic range. -Pain level and pain tolerance can be assessed using a scale from 0 to 10.

A nurse is giving a presentation about preventing deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following should the nurse include as a risk factor for this disorder? (Select all that apply.)

-Oral contraceptive use -Immobility -recent long flight

A nurse is preparing to administer morphine sulfate 2 mg IV bolus. Available is morphine sulfate 10 mg/mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

0.2 mL

A nurse is preparing to administer 40 mEq of potassium chloride in 45% sodium chloride (NaCl) 500 mL IV to infuse 10 mEq/hr. The nurse should set the IV pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

125 mL/hr

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has had surgery for an intestinal obstruction and has an NG tube to wall suction. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's postoperative plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Discontinue suction when assessing for peristalsis B. Irrigate the NG tube with 0.9% NaCl solution C. Place sequential compression devices on the bilateral lower extremities D. Reposition the pt from side to side every 2 hrs E. Encourage the use of incentive spirometry every 2 hours when awake

A, B, C, and D E is INCORRECT because IT should be done every hour while awake

A nurse provides a back massage as a palliative care measure to a client who is unconscious, grimacing, and restless. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as indicating a therapeutic response? (Select all that apply.) A. the shoulders droop B. the facial muscles relax C. the RR increases D. the pulse is within the expected range E. the client draws his legs into a fetal position

A, B, D rationale: a back rub promotes relaxation, relieves muscular tension, and decreases perception of pain. relaxation or drooping of the shoulders is a positive response to the back rub

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has fluid volume deficit. The nurse would expect which of the following findings?

Urine specific gravity 1.035

A nurse is assessing a client who is 2 days postoperative and auscultates bilateral breath sounds, but absent breath sounds in the bases. The nurse should suspect which of the following postoperative complications? A. Atelectasis B. Pneumonia C. Pulmonary embolism D. Arterial thrombus

A. Atelectasis

A nurse on a medical unit is caring for a client who suddenly becomes confused and drowsy. Additional data includes pulse 100/min, respiratory rate 24/min, BP 132/76 mm Hg, and temperature 36.8º C (98.2º F). Which of the following actions should the nurse perform? A. Complete a neurological check. B. Administer the prescribed PRN antihypertensive medication. C. Increase the client's fluid intake. D. Hold the client's evening dose of digoxin.

A. Complete a neurological check Rationale: Neurological assessment is an appropriate nursing intervention when a client displays sudden confusion. Sensory alterations can occur when a client is experiencing multiple sensory stimuli and can result in inappropriate sensory responses. Tolerance to stimuli may be affected by fatigue and emotional and physical well-being.

A nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative and has anemia due to excess blood loss following surgery. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? a. Fatigue b. Hypertension c. Bradycardia d. Diarrhea

A. fatigue The nurse should identify that the client who has anemia due to blood loss following surgery will experience fatigue. This is due to the body's decreased ability carry oxygen to vital tissues and organs.

A nurse is planning preoperative care for a client who will undergo surgery. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?

Determine what the client knows about the surgery

A nurse is admitting a client who has tuberculosis and a productive cough. Which of the following types of isolation precautions should the nurse initiate for the client?

Airborne precautions

A nurse in a dialysis center is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of end-stage kidney disease. When he arrives for his first dialysis treatment, he tells the nurse, "I decided to come today, but I am not sure if I will need to come back again this week. I am feeling much better since my discharge from the hospital and I think my kidneys are working again." The nurse should identify that this client is demonstrating which of the following Kübler-Ross stages of grieving? A. bargaining B. denial C. depression D. anger

B. Denial rationale: during the ____ stage of Kübler-Ross's stages of grieving, the client acts as though nothing has happened and might refuse to believe or understand that a loss has occurred

A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing chronic stress. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Hypotension B. Viral infection C. Increased energy D. Increased cognitive awareness

B. Viral infection

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for ibuprofen to treat hip pain. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Expect ringing in your ears B. Take the medication with food C. Store the medication in the refrigerator D. Monitor for weight loss

B. Take medication with food To minimize gastric irritation, the client should take ibuprofen with food or immediately after a meal

A nurse is providing instructions for a 52-year-old client who is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The client reports that he has not had the procedure before and is very anxious about feeling pain during the procedure. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

Before the examination, your provider will give you a sedative that will make you sleepy.

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the client's peristalsis is returning?

Passage of flatus

A nurse is assessing the respiratory pattern of an older adult client who is receiving end-of-life care. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as Cheyne-Stokes respirations?

Breathing ranging from very deep to very shallow with periods of apnea

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Which of the following statement should the nurse identify as an indication of anticipatory grieving? A. "i know that i will get a kidney transplant. i am a good candidate." B. "i can now eat whatever i want. the dialysis will remove it from my system." C. "i just can't believe that this dialysis is going to ruin my whole life." D. "i know that kidney disease runs in my family, but i can prevent it."

C. "i just can't believe that this dialysis is going to ruin my whole life." rationale: this statement is an example of anticipatory grief, which often manifests through anger and denial of the fear of an upcoming loss.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for potassium chloride (KCL) 20 mEq PO daily. The nurse reviews the client's most recent laboratory results and finds the client's potassium level is 5.2 mEq/L. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Call the prescribing physician and inform her of the client's serum potassium level results

A nurse is preparing to administer a soap suds enema to a client who has constipation. As the nurse explains the procedure, the client states, "The doctor didn't tell me I was supposed to receive an enema." Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate at this time?

Check the client's medical record for the provider's prescription

A nurse is admitting a client who has a partial hearing loss. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse? A. Speak using his usual tone of voice. B. Stand directly in front of the client C. Rephrase statements the client does not hear. D. Determine if the client uses hearing aids.

D. Determine if the client uses hearing aids. The first action by the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. The nurse should find out if the client has hearing aids and whether they are in place and functioning.

A nurse is assessing a client who is postoperative and finds the client's abdominal incision has eviscerated. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Cover the area with a sterile dressing, moistened with 0.9% sodium chloride irrigation

A nurse is caring for a client who is 2 days postoperative following abdominal surgery and observes that the client's wound has eviscerated. After calling for help, Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Cover the area with a sterile dressing, moistened with 0.9% sodium chloride irrigation

A nurse is assessing a client 1 day postoperative following abdominal surgery. Suddenly the client reports a pulling sensation and pain in his surgical incision. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Cover the area with saline-soaked dressings

A nurse manager is discussing the differences between normal and maladaptive grief with nursing staff. Which of the following findings should the nurse manager identify as being a unique component of the maladaptive grieving process? A. Anorexia B. Sleep disturbances C. Anergia D. Low self-esteem

D. Low self-esteem

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription of a nasogastric tube (NG) to treat a pyloric obstruction. Which of the following rationales for the use of the nasogastric tube should the nurse include in the teaching?

Decompress the stomach

A 70 year old client is admitted to the PACU with an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.9% NaCl which is running at 125cc/hour. The nurse detects new onset of crackles in the lung bases and distended neck veins. What is nurses the priority action?

Decrease the IV flow rate

A nurse is caring for a client who has metastatic bone cancer. The client states, "I want to go home to die." The family is concerned about meeting the client's care needs at home. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Discuss initiating hospice care with the client and family

A nurse caring for a client who has an infected wound removes a dressing saturated with blood and purulent drainage. How should the nurse dispose of the dressing material?

Dispose of the dressing in a biohazardous waste container.

A nurse working for a home health agency is assessing an older adult male client. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to address?

Dysphagia

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is postoperative. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan to prevent pulmonary complications?

Encourage the use of an incentive spirometer

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled to have surgery. In preparing the client for surgery, which of the following actions is considered outside the nurse's responsibilities?

Explaining the operative procedure, risks, and benefits

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. To focus on affective learning with this client, which of the following interventions should the nurse use?

Explore the client's feelings about dietary modifications

A nurse is preparing to teach a client who has a low literacy level. Which of the following methods should the nurse plan to include?

Have short teaching sessions

A client who is scheduled for a barium swallow asks the nurse why a laxative is necessary following the procedure. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

It helps eliminate the barium

A nurse working in an emergency room is assessing a client who has a leg wound. The nurse notes a full thickness wound with jagged edges and muscle tissue visible. The nurse should documents this as which of the following types of wounds?

Laceration

A nurse has completed care procedures for a client who requires airborne precautions. Which of the following items of personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse remove last?

Mask

A nurse is caring for a client and ABG's are ordered. The HCO3- is 20, the ph is 7.15 and CO2 is 36. Which condition would be the nurse to expect to see in the client?

Metabolic acidosis

Nutritional support is needed for a few days (short term) because a client is unable to take food by mouth. Assessment reveals a client has normal bowel sounds and has had a bowel movement. Which of the following would the nurse expect to administer?

Nasogastric tube (i think)

A nurse is assessing a client who has a pressure ulcer. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings is a manifestation of a stage 3 pressure ulcer?

Necrotic subcutaneous tissue

A nurse is caring for the following ostomy clients. Which client should the nurse make highest priority to assess for alteration in skin integrity?

Older clients???

A nurse is working with an assistive personnel (AP) while caring for a surgical client who is 1 day postoperative. Which task should the nurse take responsibility for completing?

Removing the abdominal dressing

A nurse is teaching a new group of assistive personnel (AP) about the importance of hand hygiene. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?

Rub all surfaces of your hands with an alcohol rub for 20 to 30 seconds

A nurse is assessing a client's wound dressing, and observes a watery red drainage. The nurse should document this drainage as which of the following?

Serosanguineous drainage

A nurse in the PACU is assessing a client who has an endotracheal tube (ET) tube in place and observes the absence of left-sided chest wall expansion upon respiration. Which of the following complications should the nurse suspect? a. Blockage of the ET tube by the client's tongue b. Passage of the ET tube into the esophagus c. Movement of the ET tube into the right main bronchus d. Infection of the vocal cords

c. Movement of the ET tube into the right main bronchus

A nurse is assessing a client who is 48 hr postoperative following abdominal surgery. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Yellow-green drainage on the surgical incision yellow-green drainage is indicative of an infection

A nurse is teaching a client about foods that are included on a clear liquid diet. Which of the following food choices made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

Yogurt

A nurse is caring for client who just returned from the PACU with an IV fluid infusion and an NG tube in place following abdominal surgery. Which of the following data is the priority for the nurse to assess? a. The surgical dressing b. The patency of the NG tube c. The coping ability of the client d. The client's bowel sounds

a. The surgical dressing

A nurse is teaching a group of middle adult clients about early detection of colorectal cancer. The nurse should include the American Cancer Society recommendation that men and women beginning at age 50 who are at average risk should have a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and a colonoscopy at which of the following intervals?

every 10 years

A nurse assesses a hospice client. The assessment reveals BP 74/40, urine output 30 cc over 3 hours, poor skin turgor and skin cool to touch, resp 8 and irregular, and dysphagia. The nurse recognizes these combined assessment findings.

impending death

A nurse is reviewing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client who the provider suspects has metabolic acidosis. Which of the following results should the nurse expect to see?

pH below 7.35

A client was given a prescribed narcotic pain med at 0800. At 0900 the nurse finds the patient slumped in the chair, hard to arouse, with respirations of 6 /minute. Arterial blood gases are ordered what would you expect to see in the ABG results?

pH less than 7.35

A nurse is completing discharge teaching with a client. Of the following barriers to learning the nurse identifies with this client, which should the nurse interpret as a need to postpone the session?

pain

A nurse is changing the dressing of a client who is 1 week postoperative following abdominal surgery and notes the presence of serosanguineous drainage. The nurse should recognize that this is an indication of which of the following circumstances?

possible dehiscence

A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is at risk for skin breakdown. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to help maintain the integrity of the client's skin?

provide the client with a diet high in protein

A nurse is monitoring a client with a pH of 7.50 from a metabolic cause would expect which of the following lab values to be elevated in a non-compensated patient?

value of HCO3/PaCO2 is abnormal???

A nurse is caring for a client who has cancer and is receiving palliative care. Which of the following statements by the client indicates they understand this type of treatment?

"I am hoping this will limit my discomfort." Rationale: Clients receiving palliative care are aware that the outcome is to prevent suffering and provide the best possible quality of life.

A nurse finds that a client did not receive a scheduled dose of furosemide (Lasix). Which of the following should the nurse include in the incident/variance report? (Select all that apply.)

-The date of the incident -The time the client was to receive the medication -The client's vital signs

A nurse is planning postoperative care for a client who is scheduled for an ileal conduit (urinary diversion) procedure. The nurse should include which of the following in the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply).

- Apply skin barrier around the stoma site - Educate the client that hematuria is expected following the procedure - Monitor hourly urine output

A nurse is providing postmortem care for a client. Identify the sequence of steps the nurse should follow. (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.)

1) Make sure the provider has pronounced the client dead 2) Verify the client's organ and tissue donation status 3) Remove medical equipment from the client 4) Cleanse the body while adhering to the body-fluid precautions 5) Attach identification tags to the body

A nurse is calculating the output of a client at the end of the shift. The nurse notes the following: client voided 400 mL at 1100 and 350 mL at 1430. The closed chest drainage system was previously marked at 155 mL and is now at 175 mL. The NG tube has 575 mL in drainage container, and 25 mL is emptied out of the Jackson-Pratt drainage tube. How many mL should the nurse record in the medical record as the client's output?

1370 mL

The nurse is caring for a new diabetic client who is being taught how to administer insulin. The nurse knows that the patient care objectives have been met when the patient is able to?

Demonstrate

A nurse manager is preparing to confront a staff nurse who is abusing alcohol. Which of the following defense mechanisms should the nurse manager expect the staff nurse to use?

Denial

A nurse is caring for a female client who has recurrent kidney stones and is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse report to the provider?

I don't eat shellfish because it gives me hives

A nurse is providing teaching to an assistive personnel (AP) about caring for clients with restraints. Which of the following statements by the AP indicates an understanding of the teaching?

I will tie a restraint to the portion of the bed that moves when the head of the bed is moved.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump. The nurse notes that the client's respiratory rate is 6 breaths per minute. The client has minimal response to physical stimulation. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?

Naloxone (i think)

A nurse is reviewing the medical record for a client who has a health care-associated infection (HAI). The nurse should identify which of the following findings as a risk factor for acquiring an HAI?

Old age

A nurse is selecting a qualified staff member to double check a blood label with a client ID bracelet prior to infusing a unit of blood. The nurse should identify that which of the following persons is qualified?

Oncology nurse

A nurse is assessing a client who is 3 days postoperative following abdominal surgery and notes the absence of bowel sounds, abdominal distention, and the client passing no flatus. Which of the following conditions should the nurse suspect?

Paralytic ileus

A nurse is caring for a client whose arterial blood gas results show a pH of 7.3 and a PaCO2 of 50 mm Hg. The nurse should identify that the client is experiencing which of the following acid-base imbalances?

Respiratory acidosis

A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative. The nurse should base her pain management interventions primarily on which of the following methods of determining the intensity of the client's pain?

The client's self-report of pain severity

A client with an IV complains of pain at the IV site. The nurse assesses the IV site and finds a warm, hardened and tender red streak on the arm. This finding is consistent with:

Thrombophlebitis (i think)

A nurse is caring for a client who has a stage I pressure ulcer. Which of the following dressings should the nurse plan to apply?

Transparent dressing

A nurse is planning care for a client who is postoperative and at risk for paralytic ileus. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to take to promote peristalsis?

increase ambulation