Fungi study guide biology

The edible species of mushrooms is known as___.

Agaricus

The species of mushrooms that is poisonous is___.

Amanita

Visible, cup-like sexual reproductive structures are called___.

Ascospores

Fungi imperfect reproduce only ___.

Asexually

All fungi reproduce ___. Some only reproduce ___.

Asexually; sexually

Unlike animals, fungi ___ ___ their food before ___ it.

Break down; absorbing

A plant can benefit from a fungus because the fungus___?

Breaks down organic matter into the soil, which plants absorb as nutrients and minerals.

___ is a special asexual process.___ is the formation of small bud-like cell from a larger cell.

Budding; budding

*The cell walls of fungi are composed of ___.

Chitin

___, a tough, flexible material, also makes up the hard outer skeleton of insects.

Chitin

Fungi lack ___ and are not ___.

Chloroplasts; photosynthetic

Septa=?

Crosswalls

An organism that digests dead organisms and absorbs their nutrients is called a ___.

Decomposer

Fungi help return nutrients to the ecosystem by acting as___.

Decomposers

Hyphae that do not have septa are called___.

Dikaryotic

The process in which a smaller cell breaks away from a larger cell in some yeasts is called___.

Dimorphism

The reproductive structures of fungi that produce spores are ___ ___.

Fruiting bodies

Asexual reproduction, which produces offspring that are___ ___to the parent, is most common when___ and water are ___.

Genetically identical; nutrients; abundant

*A lichen is a symbiotic association between a fungus and what type of organism?

Green algae/Cyanobacteria

All the spores released by fungi are ___(1n).

Haploid

All asexual reproductive spores in fungi are composed of only ___ ___.

Haploid cells

All fungi are___, obtaining their nutrition from other organisms.

Heterotrophs

A mycelium is an interwoven mat of___.

Hyphae

Septa are the cross-walls that divide___.

Hyphae

Tiny tubes filled with cytoplasm and nuclei that form the body of a fungus are called___.

Hyphae

___are tiny tubes filled with___ and a___that form the body of a fungus. Hyphae are the___ ,and___parts of multicellular fungi.

Hyphae; cytoplasm; a nucleoli; living and growing

Fungi caused disease in humans through ___,___,and___.

Infections; illnesses; aflatoxins (poisons)

*a___is a symbiotic association between a ___ and a ___ organism.

Lichen;fungus; photosynthetic

*an association between a fungus and a green algae is called ___.

Lichens

There are NO___ or___fungi. Instead, the TWO mating types are called the___and the___.

Male or female; minus and plus

Cells containing one nucleus are called___.

Monokaryotic

*most fungi are___ organisms. The body of a fungus consists of tiny filaments called___.

Multicellular; hyphae

Fungi include___ and___organisms.Yeast is a typical___ fungi.

Multicellular; unicellular; unicellular

A tangled mass of hyphae describes what typed of fungus?

Mycelium

Hyphae tangle and interweave to form a mass known as a___.

Mycelium

The mass of tangled, interwoven hyphae that form the body of a fungus is called a ___.

Mycelium

The study of fungi is called___.

Mycology

The association between a fungus and plant roots is called ___.

Mycorrhiza

*___are mutualistic associations between a ___ and the root of a plant.

Mycorrhizae; fungus;root

Sexual reproduction occurs in fungi mostly when___or___ become___.

Nutrients or water;scarce

Some fungi are___ and obtain their nutrients from living hosts. A few fungi are actually___, able to trap and kill prey.

Parasitic; predators

Fungi evolve from___ through___.

Prokaryotes; endosymbiosis

The part of hyphae that anchors a fungus to its source of nutrients are called___.___ resemble the ___of plants but lack the specialized tissues of true roots.

Rhizoids;rhizoids; roots

*most fungi are___ and obtain their nutrients by digesting and absorbing nutrients from___ organisms.

Saprophytic; dead

Fungi never reproduce by ___. The cell wall of fungi are made of ___, not ___, as are the cell walls of plants.

Seeds; chitin; cellulose

Common molds have no___in their hyphae.

Septa

Hyphae are divided into segments by walls called___. The___ have no___ which cytoplasm and organelles can move from segment to segment.

Septa; common molds; no crosswalls

Hyphae whose cells are divided by septa are called___ ___.

Septate hyphae

The one characteristic shared by all imperfect fungi is an absence of ___ ___.

Sexual reproduction

___are the means by which fungi are dispersed . Each spore contains a___ and ___cytoplasm surrounded by a ___ ___.

Spores; nucleus; dehydrated; protective coat

*a fruiting body consists of a ___ and a ___ in which spores are produced. In a mushroom, the ___ contains thousands of ___ ___.

Stalk; sack; cap; fruiting bodies

___are the hyphae that connect groups of rhizoids.___ transport the nutrients absorbed by ___throughout the fungi.

Stolons; stolons; rhizoids

*mycorrhizae and lichens are both ___ ___ associations.

Symbiotic mutualistic

Fungi have four characteristics in common:

They are eukaryotic, mostly multicellular, can not move on their own, and they are all heterotrophs

Spores cannot move themselves, but can be dispersed by ___,___,___,or ___.

When, animal, insects, or water

*a unicellular fungi that resembled bacteria is a ___.

Yeast

*fungi are grouped in one of three phyla:___, (common molds);___, (club fungi);___, (sac fungi); and a group called___ or imperfect fungi.

Zygomycota; basidiomycota; ascomycota; deuteromycota

Fused gametangia is called___.

Zygosporangium