Gas Exchange

Atelectasis

A 26-year-old woman is thankful to be alive after rear-ending a truck with her car. However, she experienced a sternal fracture from the force of her car's airbag and has been breathing shallowly to avoid exacerbating her pain. The nurse should consequently prioritize assessments related to:

kidneys will excrete more HCO3 to lower the pH

A client is at risk for respiratory alkalosis. In an attempt to restore the acid-base balance, the client's:

Adequate flow of blood through the pulmonary circulation

A client is being treated for a pulmonary embolism and the medical nurse is aware that the client suffered an acute disturbance in pulmonary perfusion. This involved an alteration in what aspect of normal physiology?

Paradoxical chest movement

A client is brought to the emergency department following a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following nursing assessments is significant in diagnosing this client with flail chest?

Ventilation exceeds perfusion.

A nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary embolism understands that a high ventilation-perfusion ratio may exist. What does this mean for the patient?

Pulmonary embolism

A patient exhibited signs of an altered ventilation-perfusion ratio. The nurse is aware that adequate ventilation but impaired perfusion exists when the patient has which of the following conditions?

Patent Airway

After a client undergoes surgery to the upper respiratory tract, the nurse should monitor the client for: A) Infection B) Patent Airway C) Bleeding Tendencies D) Septicemia

Unaffected

After a thoracentesis, position client on ______ side post operative, listen to ling sounds for changes.

Hypoxia

Decrease O2 reaching tissues.

Hypocapnia

Decreased CO2 int he blood.

Hypoxemia

Decreased O2 in the blood.

Excrete bicarbonate

Fill in the blank: Kidneys correct a high PH by _______ ________.

Excrete Carbon dioxide (Breath faster)(Hyperventilation)

Fill in the blank: Lungs correct a low PH by _______ _______( ).

Keep Bicarbonate

Fill int he blank: Kidneys correct a low PH by ________ ________.

Keep Carbon Dioxide (Slow breathing)

Fill int he blank: Lungs correct a high PH by ______ ______.

Perfusion

Flow of blood in the pulmonary circulation.

Gag reflex

For a patient who just went through a bronchoscopy what is important to observe for during post-op.

Bronchoscopy

For direct observation for any sign of disease biopsy, or to remove foreign object, pulmonary washings.

Hypercapnia

Increased CO2 in the blood.

Friction Rub

Indicate inflamed pleural surfaces.

Wheezes

Indicate narrowed or obstructed airways.

Inspiration

Movement of O2 into lungs.

Ventilation

Movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract.

Respiration

O2 and CO2 exchanged between atmospheric air and the blood and between the blood and cells.

Respiratory acidosis

Patient's arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.32 and a PCO2 of 60. Which of the following imbalances do these values reveal?

Crackles

Pulmonary Edema fluid in the alveoli.

Expiration

Removal of CO2 from lungs.

Medulla

Senses changes in CO2 and PH of CSF. It is the primary controller of ventilation and it is quick to response to changes of CO2.

Peripheral Arterial

Senses changes in PH, CO2, & O2 changes in blood.

Apply oxygen via face mask.

The client admitted with a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is now complaining of chest pain and dyspnea. Which is the primary intervention for the nurse to take?

CPAP prevents the collapse of the patient's airway

The health care provider has ordered continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with the delivery of oxygenation. The patient asks the nurse what the benefit of CPAP is. What would be the nurse's best response?

H+ (Hydrogen)

The more ____ the more acidic.

The client will have decreased edema.

The nurse initiates the following intervention upon receiving a client back to the clinical unit after a throat-related procedure, "Elevate the head of the bed 45°." This assists in meeting which nursing goal?

The client's pain intensifies when he coughs or takes a deep breath.

The nurse is caring for a client who has been in a motor vehicle accident and the care team suspects that the client has developed pleurisy. Which of the nurse's assessment findings would best corroborate this diagnosis?

pH 7.25, PaCO2 48, HCO3 24

The nurse is interpreting blood gases for a client with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which set of blood gas values indicates respiratory acidosis?

Baroreceptors

These are located in aorta and carotids. It senses BP changes, up or down.

Thoracentesis

To withdraw fluid or air from chest cavity to allow for chest expansion or for culture.

Diffusion

Transferring a substance from area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

An adequate ventilation-perfusion ratio.

What does adequate gas exchange depend on?

7.35-7.45

What is the normal pH of blood?

21-28 MMOL/L

What is the normal range of HCO3?

35-45 mmHg

What is the normal range of PaCO2?

80-100 mmHg

What is the normal range of PaO2?

PaO2 < 60 mm Hg

When giving oxygen to a hypoxic patient, the nurse must remember that oxygen transport is also dependent on the arterial oxygen content. Which of the following is a blood gas analysis that would indicate the presence of hypoxemia?