GB 310 Midterm Exam Study Guide
Business Intelligence
(outside info) information collected from multiple sources, such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industry experts
Management Information System
a business function which moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision-making and problem solving
System
a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
Business Process Model
a graphic description of a process, showing the sequence of process tasks
Information Systems
computer-based systems that capture, store, and retrieve data associated with process activities
Process Level Information
concerned with purchasing process on overall level, across multiple instances (requisitions)
Instance Level Information
concerned with the status of an order in the process being executed
Key Performance Indicator
current state of the process is measured against these
Information
data converted into useful/meaningful context
Operational Planning and Control
deals with the day-day procedures for performing work
Master Data
define the key entities with whom an organization interacts with (Ex: Customer #s & Addresses)
Transaction Data
reflect day-day operations of company (Ex: Who, What, Where and How Much)
Middleware
several different types of software that sit in the middle and provide connectivity between 2 or more software applications
Radio Frequency Identification
technologies that use active or passive tags that can store unique identifiers and relay this information to electronic readers
Value-Added
term used to describe the difference between the cost of inputs and the value of price outputs
Supply Chain Visibility
the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain
Business Process Modeling
the activity of creating a detailed flow chart or process map of a work process showing its inputs, tasks, and activities
Extended ERP Components
the extra components that meet organizational needs not covered by the core components and primarily focus on external operations
Business Facing Processes
("Back End") invisible to the external customer but essential to effective management of the business
Supplier Relationship Management
manage overall relationships with materials, suppliers, quotation, and contracts processes
Customer Facing Processes
("Front End") result in a product or service received by an organization's external customers
Product Life Cycle Management
help companies administer the processes of research, design, and product management
Procurement Process
a series of steps that a company takes to obtain raw materials
Business Process
a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task
Systems Thinking
a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed to produce outputs while getting feedback
Supply Chain
all parties involved, directly and indirectly in obtaining raw materials or a product
Business Process Reengineering
analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises
Continuous Process Improvement Model
attempts to understand and measure current process and make performance improvements accordingly
Supply Chain Execution Software
automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain
Competitive Advantage
feature of a product/service on which customers place a greater value than the competitors' offerings
Tactical Planning
focuses on producing goods and services as efficiently as possible within the strategic plan
Demand Planning Software
generates demand forecasts using statistical tools and forecasting techniques
Enterprise Systems
help the organization coordinate work across functions
Feedback
information that returns to its original transmitter and modifies the transmitter's actions
Enterprise Resource Planning
integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system
Business Process Management
integrates all of an organization's business process to make the individual process more efficient
Customer Relationship Management
involves managing all aspects of a customer's relationship within an organization to increase customer loyalty/retention an organizational profitability
Business Strategy
leadership plan that achieves a specific set of goals/objectives
Product Differentiation
occurs when a company develops unique differences in its products/services to influence demand
Bullwhip Effect
occurs when distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next through the supply chain
Functional Structure
organizations divided into functions (debts) with each responsible for a set of closely related activities
Free On Board
point at which ownership of the material in the shipment legally transfers from 1 company to another
Competitive Intelligence
process of gathering information about competitive environment
Production
process where a business takes raw materials and converts them into goods/services
Global Inventory Management System
provides the ability to locate, track, and predict the movement of every component anywhere upstream or downstream
Data
raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event/object
Supply Chain Management
the management of information flows between and among activities in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and corporate profitability
Scalability
the number of users or the volume of operations that a given hardware/software can manage
Productivity
the rate at which goods/services are produced based on total outputs and inputs
Knowledge
the skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources
Workflow
the tasks, activities, and responsibilities required to execute each step in a business process
Core ERP Components
the traditional components included in most ERP systems and primarily focus on internal operations
Materials Requirement Planning
use sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at right time and place
Organizational Data
used to define organizational structure of the business and rarely changes over time (Ex: Company Plant #s)
Supply Chain Planning Software
uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve flow and efficiency of supply chain while reducing inventory
Value Chain Analysis
views a firm as a series of business processes that each add value to the product/service
The Silo Effect
workers complete their tasks without regard to the consequences for other components of the process