GDS 2021
Conventional Dental Bleaching: - Best time to do bleaching is: → because ?
Best time to do bleaching is BEFORE the start of the treatment - restorative materials (ex. composite) do not change color!
Microabrasion - process: - used for:
- Acid/Abrasive applied to the surface of the tooth - Used for superficial stains → especially caused by fluorosis
OTC kit step 1: step 2: step 3: what were the problems with each step?
Step 1: acetic or citric acid (mouth wash) → Caused erosion/loss of enamel Step 2: hydrogen peroxide = bleaching component Step 3: titanium dioxide (toothpaste) → Fake result because the toothpaste made it white
Conventional Dental Bleaching: - Bleaching products break the ______ → These ________
- Bleaching products break the double C bonds in organic molecules → These smaller organic molecules are lighter in color
CAD/CAM -- Restorative Dentistry - - used for: **At NYU, limited to:
- Chair side: CEREC = ceramic reconstruction 1. Veneers 2. Onlays (partial coverage) 3. Inlays Crowns (partial coverage that are too large to be restored with direct composite) 4. 3 unit FPD **At NYUCD, we are limiting it to crowns, inlays and onlays
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) 1. Gel: - composition - reaction duration - results between different %
- Gel composed of carbamide peroxide 10-22% → More than 22% would be in office bleaching - Carbamide peroxide releases oxygen very slowly for 3-5 hours - Similar results between 10% and 22% → but 10% has less sensitivity
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) 2. Tray - process: ___ → ____ - _____ → standard procedure:
- Impression with alginate → pour the dental stone - Spacers: keep space for the gel → But doesn't really matter if you use spacer or not → Standard procedure is to not use spacers
see-more retractor
better lip retractor
Conventional Dental Bleaching: - Most of the effect of bleaching is on ____
- Most of the effect of bleaching is on DENTIN not enamel
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) 3. Soft Tray Sheet - rough side: → why? - smooth side: - tray should be __ mm from the ____ → why?
- Rough side should face the bottom = so it'll be inside the tray → Helps to maintain the gel in the tray better à better results - Glossy side should be outside of the tray - Tray should be 1mm above the gingival margin → will seal the gel better
In office bleaching - bleaching component = ? - in the past vs. today → standard procedure = ? - process: 1. 2. apply __mm ____ - frequency: ?
- bleaching component: Hydrogen peroxide 30-40% - In the past: apply heat source light - Today: apply gel - process: 1. Protect the gingiva with composite 2. Apply gel for 30 mins → 1mm thick - frequency: 30 mins application, 4 applications, once per week
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) 4. Desensitizing gel afterwards - composition: - duration:
- composition: 3% potassium nitrate + 0.11% fluoride - duration: 15-60 mins inside the tray
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) Day use: - composition: → why? - duration: - disadvantages: 1. 2.
- composition: hydrogen peroxide 3-9.5% → Hydrogen peroxide: release of the oxygen (30-60mins) is faster than carbamide peroxide → Degradation is faster - 30mins 2x a day - Disadvantages 1. Demineralize faster → higher sensitivity 2. Gingival irritation
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) - frequency: - night use: - day use:
- frequency: 2-4 weeks every night - Do not need to apply more for certain teeth à same results for all teeth - night use: carbamide peroxide 10-22% → most effective - day use: hydrogen peroxide 3-9.5% OR 2 hours of carbamide peroxide during the day
OTC White strips - bleaching component: ? - frequency - cons (3)
- hydrogen peroxide in the gel = bleaching component - 2 weeks every night - Cons: 1) Irritation of gingiva because the strips also cover the gingiva 2) Cold sensitivity afterwards 3) Results are less effective than in office bleaching
CEREC -- Prime Scan (newest ed) - advantage ? - disadvantage ?
- need to heat the camera to make sure the camera doesn't fog in the patient's mouth → the heater in the prime scan is in the camera itself = camera is much heavier in the new machines than in the old ones - bigger screen
CAD/CAM Dental Software Products 1. used at NYU: 2. - 3.
1. CEREC: Omni Cam, Prime Scan (newest ed) 2. 3 Shape Dental System: TRIOS 4 - NOT chairside 3. Planmeca Emerald
T/F 1. Beveling the axio-pulpal line angle of a Class II amalgam cavity preparation is related to retention form of the preparation. 2. Beveling the gingival margin is related to margination
1. F 2. T
Rank the effectiveness of the Conventional Dental Bleaching Methods:
1. Home bleaching 2. In office bleaching 3. OTC
2 Types of Dental Bleaching:
1. Microabrasion 2. Conventional Dental Bleaching
3 Types of Conventional Dental Bleaching:
1. Over-the-counter = OTC 2. Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) 3. In office bleaching
CAD/CAM can be used for: 1. 2. 3. 4.
1. Restorative Dentistry 2. Implant Dentistry 3. Dental Materials 4. Orthodontics
T/F 1. In the modified Class II G.V. Black preparation, you must extend into the gingival embrasure. 2. The proximal must diverge gingiva-occlusally
1. T 2. F
T/F 1. Preserving the uninvolved marginal ridge of a Class II amalgam preparation is related to outline form. 2. Rounding the axial pulpal line angle is related to resistance form
1. T 2. T
CAD/CAM -- Blocks 1. Block color ? - crystallization state: - flexural strength: 2. Block color ? - - crystallization state: - flexural strength:
1. block in a blue color - partially crystalized = needs one extra step for it to be crystalized - strong flexural strength → both anterior and posterior teeth 2. tan blocks - polychromatic (its called multi) - doesn't have to be crystalized at all - weak flexural strength → anterior teeth
incise system RENISHAW
1. pour the impression in dykene 2. design the impression using the computer
Milling chamber - Two burrs on either side: 1. - 2. - →
1. shoulder/step burr - makes the inside of the crown 2. a round/cylindrical burr - cuts the outside of the crown → up and down up and down
CAD/CAM 2. Implant Dentistry - - 3. Dental Materials - 4. Orthodontics -
2. Implant Dentistry - Computer-fabricated surgical stent - Computer guided Provisional 3. Dental Materials - 3D changes in gypsum materials 4. Orthodontics - invisalign
Dentin is ___% organic
30%
After 1 year, there's a __% drop for bleaching
50% drop
7.5% hydrogen peroxide = ? % carbamide peroxide 3.6% hydrogen peroxide = ? % carbamide peroxide
7.5% hydrogen peroxide = 22% carbamide peroxide 3.6% hydrogen peroxide = 10% carbamide peroxide
Optragate (Ivoclar vivadent)
= lip retractor → Protects lip from hydrogen peroxide
The EHR can be described as all of the following EXCEPT: A. Patient-centered records that makes information available instantly and non securely to authorized users B. Abbreviation of electronic health record C. Is a digital version of a patients paper chart D. Contains a patient medical history, diagnosis, medications, treatment plans, allergies, radiology images and laboratory and test results
A. Patient-centered records that makes information available instantly and non securely to authorized users
The following are required fields in an axiUm treatment plan A: Chief complaint B: Diagnosis C: Procedure
A: Chief complaint B: Diagnosis C: Procedure
In axiUm, to select your patient, go to the A: Personal planner B: Treatment history C: Forms D: EHR
A: Personal planner
In axiUm, in the Tx history tab, the completed, and approved procedures are in A: green script B: blue script C: black script D: red scrip
A: green script
Conventional Dental Bleaching: - After bleaching, wait minimum of ____ before doing _____ → because?
After bleaching, wait MINIMUM of 1 week before doing restoration → Right after bleaching, there will be no polymerization of restorative material due to high oxygen content tooth surface
Approved Treatment Color for: Notes
Approved Treatment Color for: Brown
Approved Treatment Color for: Recalls
Approved Treatment Color for: Dark Purple ?
Approved Treatment Color for: Completed Tx
Approved Treatment Color for: Green
Approved Treatment Color for: Pre-existing Tx
Approved Treatment Color for: Light Blue
Approved Treatment Color for: Forms
Approved Treatment Color for: Light Purple ?
Approved Treatment Color for: Conditions
Approved Treatment Color for: Pink
Approved Treatment Color for: In Process Tx
Approved Treatment Color for: Purple
Approved Treatment Color for: Planned Tx
Approved Treatment Color for: RED
Approved Treatment Color for: Appointments
Approved Treatment Color for: Yellow
If your patient requests a copy of his treatment plan you: A. Print a copy from Axium B. Tell the patient to request a copy from the clinic manager C. Tell the patient to request a copy from the patient advocate D. Tell the patient to request a copy from your Group Practice Director
B. Tell the patient to request a copy from the clinic manager
All unapproved treatment is ?
BLUE
To find your list of patients in Axium you will click on? A. Personal Planner B. Electronic Health Records C. Rolodex D. Evaluations
C. Rolodex
In axiUm, if in the treatment plan tab the text is green it indicates A: The patient signed the tx plan B: The faculty approved the treatment C: The treatment was completed D: The treatment is In Process
C: The treatment was completed
Carbamide peroxide during the night is _____ than 2 hours of carbamide peroxide during the day → why?
Carbamide peroxide during the night is BETTER than 2 hours of carbamide peroxide during the day → Have to add 2-3 weeks extra treatment
Colors in the Odontogram: Amalgams
Colors in the Odontogram: Dark Blue
Colors in the Odontogram: Cast Post/Core
Colors in the Odontogram: Dark Blue
Colors in the Odontogram: Composite (Resin)
Colors in the Odontogram: Dark Green
Colors in the Odontogram: Sealants
Colors in the Odontogram: Dark Green
Colors in the Odontogram: Abutment Supported
Colors in the Odontogram: Grey
Colors in the Odontogram: Inlay/Porcelain-Fixed
Colors in the Odontogram: Light Green
Colors in the Odontogram: Full Gold Crown
Colors in the Odontogram: Orange
Colors in the Odontogram: Inlay/Onlay Metallic
Colors in the Odontogram: Orange
Colors in the Odontogram: Pontics
Colors in the Odontogram: Purple
Colors in the Odontogram: Endodontic
Colors in the Odontogram: Red
Colors in the Odontogram: Crowns
Colors in the Odontogram: Yellow
Colors in the Odontogram: Inlay/Porcelain-Restorative
Colors in the Odontogram: Yellow
Colors in the Odontogram: Lab Veneers
Colors in the Odontogram: Yellow
In Dental Ergonomics you: A. Want to minimize motion B. Assistant seated slightly higher on the other side of the dentist C. Place patient in supine position D. All of the above
D. All of the above
In the forms tab in Axium you will be able to complete all the following except: A. Medical History B. Med. Risk Assessment C. Social History D. Odontogram
D. Odontogram
____ in the odontogram mean that something is Tx planned
DOTS
Reasons for 4 Handed Dentistry are: A. Increases productivity B. Practices ergonomics C. Reduces stress and strain D. Promotes organization E. All of the above F. None of the above
E. All of the above
When you do the preparation for CAD/CAM, you need to make a ____ incisal edge
FLAT incisal edge, not sharp
Most used & Most effective Conventional Dental Bleaching Method
Home bleaching (nightguard bleaching) → even used for tetracycline staining (most resistant staining)
The Omnicam uses a new camera that captures precise 3D images in ____ color, through a process called __ ___. ** # of images per time
The Omnicam uses a new camera that captures precise 3D images in natural color, through a process called Color Streaming. ** 60 images per second
When we do CERAC and any other digital impression, we need to create our preps with _____ finish lines, NOT ____ → because ?
When we do CERAC and any other digital impression, we need to create our preps with SHOULDER finish lines, NOT chamfer → shoulder reads much better than the chamfer
The step in cavity preparation after the removal of caries is: a. pulp protection if required b. margination c. debridement d. cavosurface finish
a. pulp protection if requiredA
You are a cutting a class III preparation using the facial approach on tooth #26 and you see that you have compromised the integrity of the enamel on the lingual surface. You should: a. Convert to a class IV and restore b. Leave the unsupported enamel and restore c. You should have used the lingual approach d. Remove the lingual enamel and restore
b. Leave the unsupported enamel and restore
1. When do you bevel a Class III preparation? a. Gingivally b. Only if facial approach c. Never d. Only if lingual approach
b. Only if facial approach
Indications for chairside CAD/CAM procedures include all of the following EXCEPT: a. Onlay b. Procera crown c. Veneer d. Ceramic (lithium disilicate) crown
b. Procera crown
When we deepen the box of a Class II, we are moving the: a. gingival floor towards the pulp b. axial wall towards the pulp c. lingual wall towards the pulp d. gingival floor towards the gingiva
b. axial wall towards the pulp
Caries lesion at tooth #31 occlusal. You decide to place a sealant because the patient is very conscientious and returns for routine checkups. The sealant should: a. mask stains deep within the occlusal fissure b. cut off fermentable carbohydrates and oxygen c. stop bacterial from entering the tooth d. prevent possible sensitivity
b. cut off fermentable carbohydrates and oxygen
You are about to restore a class V cavity on tooth #7 for aesthetic reasons. The preparation should: a. be in the middle one-third occlusal-gingivally b. only involve the defect c. have the axial wall follow the outer contour of the tooth d. be in the middle one-half mesio-distally
b. only involve the defect
The mechanism for the bleaching of teeth is: a. removal of surface stain by application of a bleaching agent b. oxidation of organic pigments
b. oxidation of organic pigments
A patient presents with a deep caries lesion in tooth #20 distal. The tooth is asymptomatic and vital. How would you treat this tooth? a. Dycal and IRM dressing b. Dycal and RMGI dressing c. Adhesive and composite restoration d. Dycal and composite restoration
c. Adhesive and composite restoration
Which of the following is the correct order of events to start a treatment plan on a new patient? a. enter tx plan, clinic manager approval, faculty approval b. enter tx plan, patient signature, faculty approval a. enter Tx Plan, faculty approval, patient signature
c. Enter Tx Plan, Faculty Approval, Patient Signature
Which of the following is true of an ideal class III maxillary composite preparation? a. the axial depth is 1mm at the incisal and 1.5mm at the gingival b. The preparation is limited to the middle 1/4 of the tooth c. The gingival and incisal walls converge towards the lingual d. access is via a facial approach
c. The gingival and incisal walls converge towards the lingual
1. How is surgical removal of caries achieved? a. Only with rectilinear instruments b. Using 1556 bur at high speed c. With rectilinear and rotary instruments d. With hatchets and hoes
c. With rectilinear and rotary instruments
During the process of excavating deep caries on a vital tooth, what is the most reliable sign you are near to the pulp? a. appearance on a bitewing radiograph b. measure the depth with a periodontal probe c. a hint of pink in the deepest part of the cavity d. leathery dentin
c. a hint of pink in the deepest part of the cavity
You are asked to evaluate a classmate's "ideal" class II DO amalgam preparation on tooth 30. Upon examination, you note that the entire width of the blade of a 13-95-9-15 hatchet fits exactly between the axial wall and the gingival cavo-surface margin. What can be inferred? a. axial depth is too deep b. axial depth is too shallow c. axial depth is perfect d. the gingival floor should be extended gingivally
c. axial depth is perfect
A class V erosion lesion is caused by a. occlusal forces b. mechanical wear c. chemical dissolution d. bacteria
c. chemical dissolution
A liner may be placed on which of the following cavity walls? a. axial and gingival b. distal and lingual c. pulpal and axial d. gingival and pulpal
c. pulpal and axial
On examination of a patient's bitewing radiographs, you find a very large caries lesion of the occlusal of tooth #19. The patient reports no symptoms. The next thing you should do is: a. ask if there is sweet sensitivity b. being the preparation c. take a PA of tooth #19 d. percussion test #30
c. take a PA of tooth #19
When preparing tooth 28 for a Class I amalgam restoration, the correct outline form, on the occlusal of a modified G.V. Black preparation: a. always has 2 separate preparations b. dictates that you extend 2mm into the minor grooves c. varies on the size of the transverse ridge d. varies on the size of the oblique ridge
c. varies on the size of the transverse ridge
You have just completed a Class I modified G.V. Black composite preparation on the occlusal surface of tooth #18. Upon evaluating it, you note that the preparation will not accommodate your smallest condenser. How would you complete this preparation, prior to placing the restoration? a. bevel the occlusal surface b. leave as is, no modification is needed c. widen the preparation facio-lingually d. convert the preparation into an MO preparation
c. widen the preparation facio-lingually
Large caries lesion at tooth #2 mesial. After preparation to a depth of less than 0.5mm from the pulp, you place Dycal and IRM. Two months later the patient returns with no discomfort. How much of the IRM would you remove prior to placing an amalgam restoration? a. all of the IRM b. 1.33 of the IRM axially c. all except 0.5mm of the IRM d. 1.7-2mm of the IRM occlusally and 1.3mm axially
d. 1.7-2mm of the IRM occlusally and 1.3mm axially
Visual and radiographic examination reveals a large occlusal caries lesion in tooth #18. After anesthesia and excavation of the tooth under rubber dam, you find a very small pulpal exposure. The treatment of choice at this patient visit should be: a. Ca(OH)2 and RMGI only b. Ca(OH)2, IRM, amalgam restoration c. Ca(OH)s, RMGI, composite restoration d. Ca(OH)2 and IRM only
d. Ca(OH)2 and IRM only
What is the most critical area to capture when making a digital impression for any restoration? a. Buccal b. Occlusal c. Lingual d. Interproximal (mesial & distal)
d. Interproximal (mesial & distal)
One of the biggest reasons for failures on the hands-on portion of the board registration exams is not achieving contact with the adjacent tooth (open contacts). The main reason is: a. matrix too long b. matrix too short c. improper wedging d. not burnishing the band to the adjacent tooth
d. not burnishing the band to the adjacent tooth
Ca(OH)s is a bactericidal over a pinpoint exposure. Another of its qualities is its ability to: a. bond to dentin b. prevent sensitivity c. seal the dentinal tubules d. stimulate a dentin bridge over the exposure
d. stimulate a dentin bridge over the exposure
OTC varnish - bleaching component: ? - duration:
hydrogen peroxide = the bleaching component - duration: 30mins
carbamide peroxide is frequently found in bleaching agents. This chemical contains:
urea, which stabilizes the hydrogen peroxide
Making a digital impression with CAD/CAM → you have to see the margins, you have to see __mm _____________ the margin
you have to see the margins, you have to see 0.5mm above and below the margin
