GEN BIO QUIZ

Chromosomes are

condensed chromatin

What is entropy?

disorder

Without tight junctions in certain tissues

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create.

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism?

The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme

The enzyme alters its shape to fit more closely (think induced fit model)

What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell?

Plasma membrane

Plant cells can communicate with each other via ________, as indicated by the arrow in the figure.

Plasmodesmata

Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

Rough ER- Golgi Apparatus-Plasma Membrane

The second law of thermodynamic states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy. How can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose which is more ordered?

Solar energy is being added to the reaction

The figure below represents a metabolic pathway, what happens if Enzyme2 is defective and nonfunctional?

Substrate Y would not be metabolized

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

Surface area to volume ratio

Which cell exhibits the condition of plant cells that have been placed in a hypertonic solution?

The answer is whatever letter the shriveled up one in the square is labeled.

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season.

The salt has the risk of leeching into the ground and creating a hypertonic solution.

All cells have some characteristic in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

Cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

A cell being observed under a microscope is seen to possess a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes and chromosome materials that are not found in a nucleus. Based on this, it could be

A cell from a bacterium

As a molecule moves through the plasma membrane it passes through

A hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads then a hydrophobic layer of phospholipid tails and then another hydrophilic layer of phospholipid heads.

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for cell activities?

ATP

Identify which statement is NOT true

ATP is composed of 2 phosphate groups; FALSE bc it is composed of THREE (3) phosphate groups.

Pickles are often preserved in a 20-30% salt solution called brine. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

Bind to a signal proteins from the other parts of the body

Which of the following human cells would contain cilia?

Cell from the trachea (windpipe)

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution?

Cell wall

Which of the following is an example of osmosis?

Cells of our kidneys reabsorb water to prevent it from all leaving through our urine.

Eukaryotic cells move their organelle via

Cilia

Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across cell membranes include all of the following except ____________.

Color

_______are bacterial structures involved in the passage of DNA into or out of the cell

Conjugation pili

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

Contain DNA

A prokaryotic cell

Does not have a membrane-bound nucleus

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

Does not require energy from the cell

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes?

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product.

What energy is required for activation?

Energy of activation

Below is a diagram of a bacterium, what structure does Y represent?

Nucleoid

An apple with energy rich macromolecules has what energy?

Potential

Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria because they both

Produce ATP

Which of the following is NOT a possible function of the extracellular matrix in animal cells?

Produce numerous channels for continuous flow of water from cells to cell.

Which structures determine the flexibility to the extracellular matrix.

Proteins

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

In the set-up shown below which of the following statements would describe what would be observed after 12 hours of time have elapsed?

The level of the solution in the tube would rise because there are now more dissolved solutes in the tube than the beaker.

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction?

The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP

In what ways are vesicles different from vacuoles?

They are smaller

Receptor proteins

Transmit information from outside the cell so that the cell can respond stimuli.

Simple diffusion of molecules occur

in non-living systems as well as living systems

Energy of activation

is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

Enzymes speed up a reaction by

lowering the activation energy

Without a centrosome, cells would not be able to

move organelles around the cytoplasm.

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

Active site

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1%. How could this cell obtain more calcium?

Active transport

Which of these words does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient?

Active transport

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system?

Acts as the control center of the cell

Some proteins within a cell can viewed with

An electron microscope

mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in that they both____; but are different in that mitochondria, but not chloroplasts,________

Are involved in energy conversions; are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells

Which of the following areas shown in the figure below indicates the presence of an enzyme in the movement of reactant over to product?

Area C (the middle part after the drop)

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is in the form of heat as the car is driven. Which of the following best describes this in relation to the first law of thermodynamics?

Energy can be changed from one form to another

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cell. This process is called

Phagocytosis

When neurons release their neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane thereby emptying their contents into an area that can stimulate some response. What type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms and then surfaces on the cell's plasma membrane?

Exocytosis

In what function do the embedded membrane proteins at "c" serve?

Facilitated and active transport

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

Facilitated diffusion

molecules move from high to low concentration through a transport protein in

Facilitated diffusion

Disease-causing bacteria often attach to cells they attacks. The bacterial structures used to aid that attachment are

Fimbriae

Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane bound package also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane here provide?

Greater surface area for ATP production

The figure below reflects how these two cells would respond in a ___________ environment

Hypertonic

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of "water pills" to help her lose weight. Her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she is complaining of a headahce. The physician on call asks for an IV treatment to be promptly administered. Based on information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient.

Hypotonic

When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called

Isotonic

Which of the following statements describes the function of chloroplast?

It converts light energy into chemical energy

Which of the following organelles is NOT involved in producing substances needed by a cell?

Lysosome

A tadpole that is undergoing metamophosis into a frog and losing the need for a tail would see abundant numbers of what organelle to help assist in the tail loss.

Lysosomes

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

Maintaining cell shape

What organelle is required for producing ATP cellular work?

Mitochondria

Which of the following organelles would be abundant in a sperm cell that is seeking to fertilize an egg?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is the correct matching of an organelle and its function?

Mitochondrion-Cell respiration

There is an antibiotic called streptomycin that doctors prescribe for infection. The antibiotic combines with the bacteria's ribosomes causing them to lose their function. Consequently the cell dies and so the person gets better! In other words, the antibiotic destroys bacteria by

Not allowing them to produce proteins

Which of the following structures would NOT be seen in a prokaryotic cell?

Nucleus

In the set-up below, which process allows the water to move across the membrane?

Osmosis

What product of photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration?

Oxygen

The nucleus is a double membrane that encloses the DNA. Inside the nucleus the DNA acts as the template to produce mRNA and ribosomes; to exit the nucleus these molecules must

Pass through pores that span both membranes

Since the plasma membrane blocks the passage of all but a few molecules with specific traits, it is necessary for other molecules to

Pass through the membrane via proteins

Which of the following describes the conditions observed after 12 hours?

The tube contents will be hypertonic to the beaker contents.

When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant. This can be accounted for by which of the following statements:

The water creates a hypotonic environment causing the cell to gain water

The glycoproteins found in the plasma membrane function in what capacity?

To allow one cell to recognize another

ATP releases energy when

a phosphate is removed

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another.

Osmosis includes

both the diffusion of water and a semi-permeable membrane

What function does the nucleolus have?

codes for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

plasmolyzed plant cell