Genera; Psychology Chapter 8 Inquizitive

Match each type of problem solving strategy with its corresponding example.

1.) Create subgoals 2.) restructuring a problem 3.) working backward 1.) Joe has a large research paper to write. He plans to first procure research articles, then review them, then write a summary of each one, and then write his conclusion. 2.) Daniel is looking for a dog sitter, but no one can cover all the times required. He then puts together a schedule for three different people to help with the dog. 3.) When Paula's car broke down, she identified what time she needed to get to work, then researched bus schedules to see what bus to catch, then set the time she needed to leave the house to walk to the bus stop.

Match each term about intelligence with its definition

1.) Fluid Intelligence 2.) General Intelligence 3.) Intelligence 4.) Crystallized intelligence 1.) Flexibility and novelty in thinking 2.) High overall intelligence 3.)the ability to reason, to make decisions, to make sense of events, and to adapt to environmental challenges 4.)Knowledge and use of knowledge

Match each concept with its definitions

1.) Framing 2.) Affective heuristic 3.) availability heuristic 4.) representativeness heuristic 1.) decisions are shaped by whether potential gains or potential losses are emphasized 2.) making decisions based on how one thinks each option would make one feel 3.) making decisions based on whatever information is quickest and easiest to recall 4.) making decisions by placing people or objects into categories

Match each heuristic or other concept with its typical consequence.

1.) Representativeness 2.) Framing 3.) affective 4.) Availability 1.)One may make decisions based on poorly informed stereotyping of people. 2.) One may be subject to manipulation by others based on how a choice is described. 3.)One may make a choice thinking it will lead to happiness and be greatly disappointed. 4.) One may make a hasty decision by not taking time to gather information.

Match each component of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence with its corresponding description.

1.) analytical intelligence 2.) creative intelligence 3.) pratical intelligence 1.) skill at puzzle solving and other academic challenges 2.) skill at reacting to new situations by thinking in original and interesting ways 3.) skill at judging the size of a physical space or at judging people's characters

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences describes many different talents that constitute intelligence. Match each type of talent demonstrated with one of Gardner's intelligences.

1.) bodily-kinesthetic 2.) musical 3.) spatial 4.) linguistic 5.) mathematical-logical 6.) intrapersonal 7.) interpersonal 1.) Professional athlete 2.) songwriter, composer 3.)interior designer 4.)translator 5.)biochemist 6.)memoir writer 7.)counselor

Match each type of test with its corresponding example

1.) intelligence quotient 2.) achievement test 3.) aptitude test 1.)Izzy is 12 years old, but she has a mental age of 14. 2.) Sally scored at the top of her class in chemistry 3.) Tom demonstrated an ability to adjust well to new situations, making him a good candidate for the selective study-abroad program.

Match each type of problem solving strategy with its corresponding example.

1.) overcoming a mental set 2.) finding an analogy 3.) overcoming functional fixedness 4.) working backward 1.) Michael keeps looking for his car keys on the kitchen table, where he usually leaves them. Eventually, he checks in his pocket and finds them. 2.) Stacia travels all over the city using buses and subways. When she wants to find a way to travel to another state, she refers to a bus schedule. 3.) Matt has a hammer and a window that will not open, but he does not want to smash the window. Eventually he realizes that he can use the hammer as a lever. 4.) Boris, an engineer, uses an engine's maximum power output to figure out the engine's maximum fuel flow.

The following terms have to do with how our knowledge of categories of people and things is organized. Match each term with its definition.

1.) prototype 2.) stereotype 3.) exemplar 1.) the most typical member of a category 2.) a generalization based on group membership 3.) any member of a category

Match each term with its corresponding example

1.) prototype model 2.) exemplar model 3.) categorization 1.) Young children can quickly identify a parrot as a bird, since they think of parrots as best representing that concept. 2.)Even though Joe had never seen that unusual breed of cat before, he can quickly identify it as a cat—as opposed to a dog—since it most closely matches other instances of cats in his memory. 3.) A grocery store places all produce in one area and all dry goods in another.

Match each heuristic with the appropriate scenario. Labels can be used more than once.

1.) representativeness heuristic 2.) framing 3.) Availability heuristic 1.) Mike can solve Rubik's Cube, mathematical puzzles, and other mind-bending puzzles faster than anyone else. Upon first meeting Mike, people think he is a mathematician and are surprised to discover he is a plumber. Barbara is quiet and shy and likes to spend time alone, so people are surprised to learn she is an entertainer and not a librarian. Seeing a female auto mechanic, Ahmed decides to take his car to a different place to be serviced by a male auto mechanic, not realizing the woman has high ratings from her customers. 2.) A bus company offers discounts when people buy tickets in advance, rather than emphasizing the fees incurred when booking at the last minute. 3.) Larry doesn't know why he voted for the person running for town council, but the candidate he voted for had posted signs all over town.

In one study of children's scripts about adults, a group of preschoolers was invited to act out a social evening for adults, using dolls and other props.

Correct: Children were more likely to include alcohol if their parents drank alcohol. Children were more likely to include alcohol if their parents drank alcohol. Incorrect: More children included cigarettes than alcohol. Children were more likely to include alcohol if they viewed PG or PG13-rated movies.

People who have high general intelligence tend to be healthier. What are the proposed explanations for this?

Correct: People with higher general intelligence can keep up with rapid advancements and complex concepts in modern medical research. People with higher general intelligence are more informed about the links between health and various behaviors. Incorrect: People with higher general intelligence are genetically less predisposed to suffer from heart disease, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.

Which of the following are features of the WAIS, developed by David Wechsler?

Correct: Test both verbal and nonverbal information Test general knowledge Incorrect: Is only suitable for testing children Includes a section on mechanical dexterity

Which of the following theories on intelligence have the strongest empirical support?

Correct: general intelligence crystallized intelligence fluid intelligence Incorrect: multiple intelligence emotional intelligence

Which of the following qualities are associated with high general intelligence?

Correct: high IQ scores better health better performance at work Incorrect: better relationships

Which of the following are symbolic representations

Correct: the ingredient list in a recipe an equation for a math word problem Incorrect: a no-smoking sign that shows a crossed-out cigarette an architect's design sketch

Some researchers believe that a complete description of people's intelligence must include emotional intelligence, or EI. What specific abilities is EI said to include?

Correct: using one's own emotions to guide thoughts and actions managing one's emotions recognizing other people's emotions understanding emotional language Incorrect: feeling appropriate emotions in response to art and music eliminating negative emotions, such as anger and fear

If someone scores high on an intelligence test, what can you expect about his cognitive performance, compared with someone of average intelligence?

Correct: He will score much higher on a memory test that has two components (e.g. "Solve simple math problems while a list of words is presented, and then repeat the words back in the same order"). He will score higher on tests of choice reaction time (e.g. "Press the X key every time you see an X; press the A key every time you see an A"). Incorrect: He will score much higher on a simple test of memory (e.g. "Listen to this list of words and repeat them back in the same order"). He will score the same on tests of simple reaction time (e.g. "Press the X key every time you see an X").

According to Charles Spearman, how do people with high general intelligence score on other intelligence abilities?

Correct: High general intelligence is associated with high verbal abilities. High general intelligence is associated with high problem solving abilities. High general intelligence is associated with high math ability. Incorrect: High general intelligence is not associated with any specific or practical intelligence abilities.

Identify each characteristic as relating to either decision making or problem solving

Problem Solving: Involves getting from a present state to a goal state involves obstacles Decision making: Involves ranking outcomes as better or worse involves selection among alternatives

Which of the following descriptions correspond to reliability, and which correspond to validity?

Reliability: A student tries retaking the SAT, but his new score is similar to his old one. A baseball player's batting average doesn't change much over the course of the season. Validity: High scores on a test for aptitude in engineering correlate well with later success in the field. A basketball coach measures her players' ability to shoot free throws by seeing how many three-pointers they can land in a minute.

What is the paradox of choice

Sometimes, having more options is worse than having fewer

Identify the true and false statements about Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences.

True: Support for the theory lies in the fact that many people who are very successful did not excel academically Critics of the theory have questioned whether some of Gardner's intelligence categories should be considered skills, rather than intelligences. False: Gardner's intelligences can be assessed using standardized tests. According to the theory, some people are generally smarter than others.

Fill in the blanks to complete the passage.

When Kushagra took an IQ test that was not in his native language, he consistently scored in the 90-to-95 range. However, when he was given a similar IQ test in his native language, he consistently scored in the 115-to 125 range. As a measure of Kushagra's IQ, the first test can be said to possess ______ but not ________ possibly due to _______ 1.) reliability 2.) validity 3.) cultural bias