General Psychology: Ch. 6 Memory (Quiz)

episodic

Because she drank too much alcohol, Deanna barely remembers her 21st birthday. That is, her _____ memory of that evening is sketchy.

serial position

Before going home, Dr. Rosen tries to flesh out his patient notes. He can remember the first and last sessions of the day, but his memory of the middle ones is a bit fuzzy. Dr. Rosen is a victim of the _____ effect.

The interval between the matrix and the cue is a dependent variable.

George Sperling conducted a study in which he varied the interval between the presentation of a letter matrix and an auditory recall cue. Sperling measured the proportion of letters participants could recall from the matrix. Which statement regarding this study is TRUE?

working memory.

Godden and Baddeley (1975) conducted the classic "scuba diver" study of the encoding specificity principle. Baddeley is also known for his groundbreaking work on:

chunking.

Grouping pieces of information together to expand the capacity of short-term memory is called:

elaborative

The method of loci connects new information to older memories—namely, locations along a familiar route. The method therefore encourages _____ rehearsal.

changeability of memory.

The misinformation effect highlights the:

eidetic

The phenomenon of _____ imagery is fairly similar to what people commonly call "photographic memory."

encoding specificity principle.

The similarity between the learning and retrieval contexts influences how well information will be remembered. This is known as the:

distributed

The spacing effect refers to the benefit of _____ practice.

a single site in the brain corresponding to a particular memory.

The term engram refers to:

anterograde

The textbook describes the case of Henry Molaison, also known as H.M. After brain surgery, H. M could no longer create long-term memories. H.M. suffered from _____ amnesia.

creating new long-term memories.

The textbook describes the case of Henry Molaison, also known as H.M. After brain surgery, H. M suffered severe anterograde amnesia. This means that H.M. had

procedural

The textbook reviews the case of Henry Molaison, also known as H.M. After brain surgery, H.M. suffered hippocampal damage. Which type of memory was BEST preserved in H.M.'s case?

episodic

The textbook reviews the case of Henry Molaison, also known as H.M. After brain surgery, H.M. suffered hippocampal damage. Which type of memory was MOST damaged in H.M.'s case?

Most forgetting happens immediately after people learn material; the rate of forgetting slows down as time goes by.

What does Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve demonstrate about the way people forget material over time?

retrieval.

When answering such questions as "Who was your date to the junior prom?" or "What costume did you wear last Halloween?" a person is relying MOST explicitly on the memory process of:

retrieval.

When one uses the term "remembering" in day-to-day life, one is making reference to the memory process of:

seven, plus or minus two items

Which of the following expressions BEST reflects the capacity of short-term memory?

encoding> storage> retrieval

Which of the following sequences BEST reflects the order in which memory processes occur, from first to last?

perception

Which of these is NOT one of the three general memory processes identified at the beginning of the chapter?

short-term memory > sensory memory > long-term memory

Which sequence correctly arranges the information-processing stages of memory in order of increasing capacity?

Material is forgotten relatively rapidly at first, and then the rate of forgetting slows down.

Which statement BEST describes the forgetting function that Ebbinghaus discovered?

Short-term memory has the smallest capacity of the three stages.

Which statement about the information processing model of memory is TRUE?

The number was probably never encoded in the first place.

Why does a woman have trouble remembering the license plate number of a car that she just saw 10 minutes ago?

Mnemonic

_____ devices are methods for improving memory.

retrieval.

A "one-hit-wonder" song popular 5 years ago comes on the radio. "I used to love this song!" Clyde exclaims. "Who sang it?" "Oh! I know! It's . . . it's . . . Darn! It's on the tip of my tongue!" Ralph responds. Ralph is experiencing a failure of the memory process called:

sensory

A psychological scientist states that she is interested in a brief type of memory store she calls "olfactory memory," which is a type of _____ memory.

the similarity between learning and retrieval contexts influences memory.

According to the encoding specificity principle:

anterograde

After a severe bout of encephalitis, Clive Wearing could no longer develop new memories. Clive suffered from _____ amnesia.

retrieval.

Almost everybody has had the feeling of knowing the answer to a question, but not being quite able to say it. This is called the "tip-of-the-tongue" phenomenon, and is a failure of:

encoding; retrieval

Amelia remarks that she needs to learn the text's section on the structures of the brain for an upcoming test. Brian responds that he couldn't remember the function of the hippocampus on a test the preceding day. Amelia is making reference to the memory process called _____. Brian is referring to the memory process called _____.

recall; recognition

An essay question is a _____ test of memory. A multiple-choice question is a _____ test.

a sea slug.

Aplysia is a(n):

working

As Rodolfo works on a complex multiplication problem in his head, the numbers he is manipulating are in his _____ memory.

recency

"Dog food, coffee, paper towels." Michelle's roommate begins reciting items into the phone as she gets into her car; Michelle is supposed to stop by the store on the way home. The roommate continues to list a few more items. Finally, he wraps with, "Coffee creamer, spaghetti sauce, dish soap, and iced tea mix." Michelle forgets a few things, but the spaghetti sauce, dish soap, and iced tea mix are in the bag. Her memory for these items reflects the _____ effect.

working

"She did WHAT??" Sebastian's roommate exclaims as he relates an anecdote about a mutual friend. Sebastian's roommate processes the story using _____ memory.

chunks

"What's your social?" the insurance provider on the phone asks Renee. "One, six, four . . ." Renee begins. After a brief pause, she continues, "seventy-two . . . sixteen thirty-eight." To ease the burden on the insurance associate's short-term memory, Renee is giving the number in ______ rather than as individual digits.

retrieval cues.

Chad is puzzling over a difficult question on a multiple-choice sociology test however as he rereads the response options he remembers the correct answer. Chad has made use of:

storage.

Clarice presses the Ctrl and S keys on her keyboard to save a document. A file is then created on her computer's hard drive. Clarice's action is MOST analogous to the memory activity of:

about the same extent.

Compared with alcohol intoxication, talking on a cell phone impairs driving to:

memory

Dr. Handy is a psychologist who studies how the brain collects, stores, and retrieves information for later use. Which is the BEST term for Dr. Handy's area of interest?

amygdala.

Estelle remembers a night she was mugged and brutally beaten. This memory probably involves not only her hippocampus, but also her____ because of the emotional nature of the event.

typically concern major, unexpected public or personal events.

Flashbulb memories: