General Psychology - Chapter 9: Human Development

According to Erikson, each of the ______ stages of socioemotional development represents a developmental task or crisis that a person must negotiate.

8

Select all that apply Which of these examples illustrate the concept of adolescent egocentrism?

A girl is embarrassed about a small stain on her shirt, because she thinks everyone else will focus on it. A boy texts while driving because he thinks he's a better driver than most, and therefore won't crash.

Which of the following examples best exemplify an optimal life theme?

A person who has physical limitations but becomes the president of the United States and guides the country through the Great Depression A person inherits a great deal of wealth and uses this to fund a charity aimed at helping children A person who was born under disadvantaged circumstances and decided to work with children born into similar situations

Cross-sectional research is best represented by which of the following examples?

A study where elementary students in grades 6, 7, 8, and 9 are surveyed all at one time

According to Piaget's theory, which of the following occurs when people adjust schemas to new information?

Accomodation

What is the main emphasis of Erik Erikson's theory of development?

Addressing various socioemotional tasks throughout the lifespan

According to Piaget, when individuals incorporate new information into an existing schema, this is called ______.

Assimilation

Which type of parenting involves encouraging the child to be independent but placing limits and controls on behavior?

Authoritative

What type of development is characterized by the improved capacity to process information and understand the world due to advancing age and experience?

Cognitive

Marissa is a college freshman who is involved in career exploration. According to Erikson's socioemotional theory, she is in the stage of identity vs. identity

Confusion

adulthood is the transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Emerging

Select all that apply Which of the following traits define the authoritative parent, according to Baumrind? (Select all that apply.)

Encourages independence Places limits

Which of Piaget's stages occurs from about age 11 through adulthood and is characterized by abstract and idealistic thinking?

Formal operational

Click and drag on elements in order Rank the prenatal developmental stages in the correct order.

Germinal Period Embryonic Period Fetal Period

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of cognitive development? (Choose every correct answer.)

Imagining a future occupation Problem solving Being able to speak and understand words

During late adulthood, what happens to the area of memory that aids in solving problems and making decisions?

It declines.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true regarding Erikson's stage of identity vs. identity confusion? (Select all that apply.)

It includes career exploration. It occurs between the ages of 10 and 20. It includes an exploration of roles.

Select all that apply Which of the following characteristics apply to the developmental period of emerging adulthood?

It is the transition period between adolescence and adulthood. It is characterized by experimentation and exploration.

______ development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide what people should do.

Moral

development involves changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide what people should do.

Moral

According to Baumrind, the parenting style is about those parents who are uninvolved in their children's lives.

Neglectful, neglecting, or neglect

Select all that apply Which of the following is true of memory in late adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Older adults take longer than younger adults to retrieve information about the world but often can remember it. Older adults tend to do more poorly than younger adults in most aspects of memory.

Select all that apply Which of the following factors are important to successful adult development?

People develop and mature by coping with life difficulties. It is possible to develop a rich and complex view of the world.

Select all that apply Which of the following skills typically begin to decline in early adulthood? (Select all that apply.)

Perceptual abilities Speed Strength

Frank and Wilma still consider themselves "hippies." They raised their children to be what Wilma calls "creative" and Frank refers to as "free to make their own decisions." Most likely Frank and Wilma subscribe to parenting.

Permissive

Which of Baumrind's parenting styles best describes a child-rearing situation where parents let their children do pretty much what they want?

Permissive

A person's genotype gives the person the potential to be tall, but this potential interacts with the environment to produce a(n)

Phenotype

is the period of physical development, typically occurring during adolescence, during which sexual organs mature.

Puberty

Select all that apply Which of the following are typical of puberty? (Choose every correct answer.)

Rapid sexual maturation Rapid skeletal maturation Hormonal changes

A person's ability to recover from or adapt to difficult times is defined as

Resilience

According to Piaget, a(n) is a concept or framework that exists in a person's mind that organizes information and provides a framework for interpreting the information.

Schema

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true regarding Piaget's theory of schemas? (Select all that apply.)

Schemas are expressed as various behaviors and skills. A schema organizes information.

Which of Piaget's stages occurs from birth to 2 years age, during which time a child has little capacity to represent the environment with language or other symbols?

Sensorimotor

Select all that apply What are the basic types, or clusters, of temperament?

The difficult child: slow to accept new experiences The easy child: adapts easily to new experiences The slow-to-warm-up child: cautious in the face of new experiences

Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic types of temperament in children?

The friendly child

According to Piaget, conservation is

The knowledge that certain attributes of objects remain the same despite superficial changes.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements are true regarding "resilience"? (Choose every correct answer.)

This term is used to describe someone who can recover from or adapt to difficult circumstances. A person who demonstrates positive functioning even in the face of adversity.

According to Piaget's theory, a schema might be modified into different schemas that ______ to the environment.

accommodate

Select all that apply Which of the following are attachment styles as defined by Ainsworth? (Select all that apply.)

anxious/ambivalent insecure attachment secure attachment avoidant insecure attachment

According to Baumrind, parenting is a restrictive, punitive style in which the parent both exhorts the child to follow the parent's directions and places firm limits on the child.

authoritarian

The style of parenting that is more collaborative is ______ parenting.

authoritative

A person's temperament is their

behavioral style and characteristic way of responding

Which of the following is NOT characteristic thought of the formal operational stage of cognitive development?

classifying things into subsets and considering their interrelations

One-way adults successfully deal with life's difficulties is through

coping.

In a research study, Dr. Lopez asked people ages 20, 40, and 60 about their levels of happiness. This research is best described as

cross-sectional

Which of the following terms refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life?

development

Adolescent is a state of self-absorption in which a teenager views the world only from his or her own point of view.

egocentrism

Your 25-year-old friend has met a lot of good friends in the past few years and is now dating somebody special. It seems to you that she is working through Erikson's _____ stage of psychosocial development very well.

intimacy-versus-isolation

According to Erikson, the primary socioemotional task in early adulthood is that of intimacy vs.

isolation

While your body is at its physical peak in your 20s,

it is also at the beginning of its decline.

Professor Lune was a first-generation college student who completed graduate school. Now Professor Lune dedicates her career to helping students who experience hardship in their education. This is an example of a meaningful theme.

life

A(n) ____ involves one's efforts to cultivate meaningful optimal experiences.

life theme

A(n) involves one's efforts to cultivate meaningful optimal experiences.

life theme

Erikson emphasized that socioemotional development is a ______ process.

lifelong

According to Diana Baumrind, parents interact with their children in one of four basic ways. Parents who are not involved with their children are described as

neglectful parents.

Select all that apply According to Piaget, the concept of conservation is ______.

part of the concrete operational stage the knowledge that certain attributes of objects remain the same despite superficial changes

A person's observable characteristics are referred to as the person's

phenotype.

Which of the following is the definition of development?

refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life.

When anyone strokes newborn Toby's cheek, his head turns in the direction of the touch, and Toby opens his mouth. This is an example of the _____ reflex.

rooting

According to Piaget's theory, object permanence begins in the ______ stage.

sensorimotor

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages of prenatal development?

sensorimotor period

According to Piaget, in the sensorimotor stage, the infant constructs an understanding of the world by coordinating ______ experiences with ______ actions.

sensory; physical

Authoritarian parenting is a

strict punitive style of parenting

Easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up are the three basic types of ______ in children

temperament

Infant attachment is _____.

the close emotional bond formed between an infant and its caregiver

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of infant reflexes that disappear as they mature?

toe curling rooting gripping

Object permanence is when a child

understands that something exists even if it cannot be seen.