General Psychology-mini cum.

At what age do the first grey hairs appear and we begin to get "laugh lines" around our eyes?

27

The average person is able to hold about ___ (plus or minus 2) bits of information in their short-term memory at one time

7

in order to extinguish a classically conditioned response, you must repeatedly present the ____ without the _____. example: bell but no food

Conditioned stimulus(CS), unconditioned stimulus(US)

what was the unconditioned stimulus(US) in Pavlov's experiment with the dogs?

food

Taking an interest in politics would come at which of Piaget's stages?

formal operations

the motor cortex is located in the

frontal lobe

when someone is afraid of one type of insect and then becomes afraid of all other similar insects, what has occurred?______ But knowing the difference is called? _____

generalization, discrimination

According to Erikson, at what stage do persons work on giving back to the next generation?

generativity vs stagnation

Endorphins are most directly involved in the control of:

physical pain

the ____ is controlled directly by the hypothalamus and, through the release of hormones, serves to activate all of the other glands in the endocrine system.

pituitary

name 3 parts of the hindbrain:

pons, medulla, cerebellum

When a child cannot understand that a "skinny" glass and a "fat" glass can hold the same about of juice, that is indicative of _____ stage of development and has not yet mastered the concept of _____.

preoperational;conservation

As people age the lenses of the eye become less adept at close up vision is called?

presbyopia

what kind of memory displacement involves being able to remember old/previously learned material and not being able to remember current/recently learned material?

proactive interference

In experiments, random assignment is used to avoid:

selection bias

facts like multiplication tables would by stored in which part of the long-term memory?

semantic

______ memory holds information coming in from the environment from a fraction of a second to sometimes several seconds depending on the sense being stimulated

sensory registar

The neurotransmitter ____ plas an important role in regulating, MOOD, sleep, aggression, and appetite

serotonin

Reinforcing successive approximations of the desired response is called:

shaping

What are secondary sex characteristics?

show maturity

sensory memory for sound lasts about:

2 seconds

At which of Piaget's stages would children like to make things by themselves or with their peers?

Industry vs inferiority

What is an advantage of using the survey method?

Large numbers can be used

An example of a FIXED ration is______. An example of VARIABLE ratio is _____.

fixed number if things; number changes

____ males and ____ females become parents later

Shy, outgoing

A general principle or set of principles that attempts to explain how a set of separate facts are related to one another is called:

Theory

The study of depth perception of infants done in the 1960's by Gibson and Walk was called?

Visual cliff

When a two-year-old is introduced to a horse for the first time he calls it a big dog. He later understands that dogs and horses belong in two different categories. This realization is indicative of:

accommodation

Which theory states that elderly persons who stay active and continue to enjoy their lives age better?

activity theory

Sensory neurons is to ____ as motor neurons is to _____.

afferent, efferent

A decline in the production of the neurotransmitter GABA is likely to result in an increase in:

anxiety

A two-year-old is starting to demonstrate a stubborn streak of independence and is fond of telling her parents, "NO!" Which of Erikson's stages is she in?

autonomy vs shame and doubt

in operant conditioning, the response comes:

before the consequence

To understand people, we need to study the outward forces that shape their lives. Environmental factors should be studied rather than the inner mind or biology of the nervous system. What perspective?

behavioral(learning)

Dr. Brach conducts studies on the brain pathways most affected by alcohol consumption. What type of psychologist is she?

biological

Which theory of aging states that cells can only repair themselves for so long so that we age as a result of the cells no longer repairing themselves?

cellular clock theory

An individual who has poor posture and muscle tone, but who is otherwise healthy, may likely be experiencing abnormal functioning of their

cerebellum

Damage to the medulla would most likely result in:

cessation of heartbeat and respiration

Albert Bandura's experiments involving the inflated "Bobo Doll" indicate:

children will model aggressive behaviors they see others engage in

communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is in large part made possible by the

corpus collasum

Our verbal ability and accumulated knowledge is called what kind of intelligence?

crystallized

Which part of the neuron receives messages _____? Which part of the neuron transmits messages _____?

dendrites, axons

What are primary sex characteristics?

directly involved in reproduction

According to Arnett, the time between adolescence and early adulthood is called?

emerging adulthood

the fact that few people can accurately describe a penny even though they have handled thousands of them is an example of

encoding failure theory

B.B. Skinner believed behavior was influence mainly by

environment

The research method that is used to explore cause-and-effect relationships between variables is

experiment

In experiments, the double-blind technique is used to avoid:

experimenter bias

damage to Broca's area in the motor cortex would likely result in

inability to produce speech

Positive reinforcement tends to ___ the probability of a response; and negative reinforcement tends to _____ the probability of a response.

increase, increase

conditioned response is to unconditioned response as:

learned is to unlearned

when Watson and Raynor conditioned fear in the child known as Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was: ____ and the conditioned stimulus? ___

loud noise, lab rat

With the experimental method, the independent variable is ________ and the dependent variable is _________

manipulated, measured

Positron-emission tomography is a brain imaging technique that

measures glucose consumption and oxygen use in the brain

The cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of ______ that underlie behavior.

mental processes

______ is the insulation covering axons, which allows the seed up of transmission of neuronal signals.

myelin sheath

If high values of one variable are associated with low values of another, the correlation between the two is:

negative

Once released from the presynaptic cell membrane, neurotransmitters travel across the synaptic clef and bind with:

receptor sites whose enclosed volumes best matches its distinctive shape

Overly aggressiveness or other undesirable traits in children.... These kids are usually the ___ kids by their peers; sh and withdrawn kids fall into what category? ____

rejected, neglected

Subjects selected for a survey from a population make up a group referred to as a:

sample

Receiving a paycheck and being praised are types of:

secondary reinforcement

the ___ nervous system contains all the sensory nerves, reacts to the external environment, and is largely under conscious control, whereas, the ___ nervous system regulates internal functions and operates without conscious control

somatic, autonomic

Which division of your nervous system jump starts your heart?

sympathetic

According to Erik Erikson, a healthy personality is built on the foundation of

trust

in operant conditioning, the extinction involves:

withholding reinforcement

short-term memory is also referred to as:

working memory