General Psychology Module 44 Critical Thinking

People are less likely to give aid if an emergency occurs in the presence of many observers. This is known as the _____ effect.

bystander

Josh and Donna are discussing the latest release by their favorite band. "I didn't like it at first, but now that I've played it a few times, I love it!" Donna states. Donna's remark exemplifies the _____ effect.

mere exposure

_____ love is an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

passionate

Jacob and Makayla have been dating for about three months. They are MOST likely experiencing:

passionate love

Clarissa and Julio are in English class together and have been assigned to sit next to each other. Which factor will MOST likely affect their first impression of each other?

physical attractiveness

Jessie is attending college in a city far away from home where he does not know anybody. According to the principle of _____, Jessie will be MOST likely to make friends with his roommate.

proximity

Lucas needs a new car but does not want to purchase a fuel-efficient car because he thinks it is more expensive than the car he would like to buy. He also reasons that the fuel he would burn in his new car would not alter the greenhouse gases. His reasoning is an example of:

a social trap

Hostilities between a riverfront community's two racial subgroups were dramatically reduced when the threat that the river would flood its banks required them to work together to save their town. This BEST illustrates the impact of

superordinate goals.

While walking 30 yards from the ocean shoreline, Mr. Hughes heard a swimmer cry for help. However, he continued walking because he figured that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide aid if it was needed. His reaction BEST illustrates

the bystander effect

If people are asked how they like various letters of the alphabet, they tend to prefer the letters found in their own names. This BEST illustrates the impact of

the mere exposure effect

When buying groceries, many shoppers prefer certain products simply because they have a familiar brand name. This preference BEST illustrates the importance of:

the mere exposure effect

Clay and Margaret have been married for over 50 years. They are MOST likely experiencing:

companionate love.

While driving to work, Marcia's car started smoking and broke down on a road with a lot of traffic. Her cell phone's battery was dead so she could not call for help. She was unsuccessful in getting someone to stop to help for more than two hours until a police officer offered assistance. Marcia's difficulty in getting someone to help is an example of:

diffusion of responsibility.

Laurie and Jim have been married for 20 years. When asked, Laurie indicated that what she most appreciated about their marriage was that they both freely give and receive affection and that they share decision making and household responsibilities. Laurie's description is an example of

equity

Our first impressions of those we meet are MOST likely to be determined by their:

physical appearance

When Hutu militia began to slaughter the Tutsi in 1994, missionary Carl Wilkens risked his own life to save the lives of others. His actions are an example of _____.

altruism

The saying by Aristotle, "personal beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction" demonstrates what?

Physical attractiveness influences first impressions.

As compared with the face, the body is a(n) _____ predictor of attractiveness ratings.

worse