General Pyschology Chapter 11 exam

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian Slip

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart?

Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities.

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Karen Horney

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

The idea that people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is called ________.

congruence

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.

heritability

The long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways are known as ________.

personality

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

phlegmatic

A personality assessment in which a person responds to ambiguous stimuli, revealing unconscious feelings, impulses, and desires is known as a(n): ___________.

projective test

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

psychoticism vs superego control

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.

real; ideal

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

The way a person reacts to the world, starting when they are very young, including the person's activity level is known as ________.

temperament

What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?

the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures

Your level of confidence in your own abilities is known as ________.

self-efficacy

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

Trait

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional positive regard???

A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

The United States is considered a(n) ________ culture.

individualistic

The ________ Concerning Blacks Test is a projective test designed to be culturally relevant to African-Americans, using images that relate to African-American lifestyles.

Contemporized-Themes

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

Brianna is 18 months old. She cries frequently, is hard to soothe, and wakes frequently during the night. According to Thomas and Chess, she would be considered ________.

a difficult baby

According to the Eysencks' theory, people who score high on neuroticism tend to be ________.

anxious

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

archetypes

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

Personality is thought to be ________.

long term, stable and not easily changed

________ is credited with the first comprehensive theory of personality.

freud

This person proposed that you could uncover one's personality traits by studying the bumps on their skull.

gall

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of personality, the ________ stage involves a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

genital

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

10

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

denial

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer?

extraversion

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

id

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her husband move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________.

migration

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

self-actualization

Of the following options, which is not one of the temperaments first proposed by Thomas and Chess (1977)?

the secure baby

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview