General Science II - Unit 5: ENERGY - PART 1

Convection steps:

1. A cold fluid is heated. 2. The molecules vibrate faster and move further apart. 3. The hotter fluid is lighter in density and rises. 4. The cold fluid moves to fill the void at the bottom left by the rising hot fluid. 5. The cold fluid is heated and rises. 6. The fluid that was heated cools as it rises. 7. The fluid heats, rises, cools, and falls in a circular motion. 8. Gradually, the whole fluid is heated to a fairly even temperature.

Conduction steps:

1. A molecule vibrates. 2. As more heat energy is given to the molecule, the molecule vibrates faster. 3. The molecule causes its neighboring molecule to start vibrating. 4. The second molecule starts its neighbor vibrating. 5. Soon, many molecules are vibrating and transmitting the heat through a substance or from one object to another.

An object is being pushed against continuously by a large force, but it does not move. Which statement(s) is/are true about the object? Kinetic energy is increasing. Work is accomplished. No work is performed. Kinetic energy is zero.

1. No work is performed. 2. Kinetic energy is zero.

Dewar flask

A "thermos" bottle.

Current

A flow.

Pull

A force directed away from an object.

Push

A force directed toward an object.

Work

A force moving an object through a distance.

Fluid

A liquid. Something that will flow.

Piston

A movable cylinder in a tube.

Insulation

A process or substance used to regulate the movement of heat.

Force

A push or a pull.

Liquid

A state of matter in which molecules are touching but still free to flow due to weak chemical bonds.

Gas

A state of matter in which the molecules are far apart due to lack of chemical bonds.

Pendulum

A weight hanging from a point and free to swing.

Double-paned window glass is used in some homes because _____. Glass is a good conductor. Glass is a good insulator. Air is a good conductor. Air is a good insulator.

Air is a good insulator.

Why is air not a good heat conductor?

Air is not a good conductor of heat, because the air molecules are spaced apart so that one molecule cannot cause its neighbor to vibrate easily.

As the speed of vibration of molecules increases, what property of the substance increases? Temperature. Energy. Heat. All of the above.

All of the above.

Chemical energy may be released in the form of: Heat. Light. Electricity. All of the above.

All of the above.

Why must all forms of energy be changed into kinetic energy before work can be accomplished? Other forms of energy cannot be used to accomplish work. All work requires an object to move.

All work requires an object to move.

Isotope

An atom of an element having a different number of neutrons.

Fuel

Any substance that will burn.

Matter

Anything that takes up space.

A device which can store chemical energy is a _____.

Battery.

When the atoms of two substances join to make a new substance, the process is called a _____.

Chemical reaction.

The energy released from the reaction of elements or compounds is called _____ energy.

Chemical.

A battery changes _____ energy directly into _____ energy.

Chemical; Electrical.

An automobile engine converts _____ energy into _____ energy.

Chemical; Mechanical.

Conduction transfers heat by the _____ of molecules.

Collision.

A rapid process of oxidation giving off intense heat is called _____.

Combustion.

Rapid oxidation is called _____ or _____. Fusion or rusting. Combustion or burning.

Combustion; Burning.

The primary method by which two connected objects transfer heat to one another is _____. Conduction. Convection. Radiation. All of the above.

Conduction.

The transfer of heat through a solid is accomplished by _____. Conduction. Convection. Radiation. All of the above.

Conduction.

Heat energy is transferred in fluids by _____.

Convection.

Heat is transferred throughout the atmosphere primarily by _____.

Convection.

The transfer of heat through the motion of a fluid or gas is accomplished by _____. Conduction. Convection. Radiation. All of the above.

Convection.

For work to be accomplished, an object must move in the same _____ as the applied _____.

Direction; Force.

One of the simple substances made up of one kind of atom is a(n) _____.

Element.

Kinetic energy

Energy of a moving object.

The ability to do work is called _____.

Energy.

True or False: Batteries convert mechanical energy to chemical energy.

False.

True or False: Conduction does not work well in metals.

False.

True or False: Radiant heat cannot travel through a vacuum.

False.

Work is the measure of the _____ used to move an object.

Force.

Work is defined as a(n) _____ moving a(n) _____ through a distance.

Force; Object.

A substance that will burn is called a(n) _____.

Fuel.

Products which transfer heat quickly are: Poor conductors and good insulators. Good conductors and poor insulators.

Good conductors and poor insulators.

The energy due to motion of molecules within a mass is called _____.

Heat.

Whenever energy is transformed from one form to another, and friction occurs, some of that energy is lost by being changed into _____.

Heat.

Mechanical energy

Kinetic and potential energy.

The energy possessed by a moving mass is called _____ energy.

Kinetic.

The change of energy from one form to another results in the _____ of some _____.

Loss; Heat.

Energy can exist in many forms, including:

Mechanical energy (M.E.), heat energy, light or radiant energy (R.E.), chemical energy (C.E.), electrical energy (E.E.), and atomic energy.

Fusion

Melting together; the joining of atomic nuclei at high heat.

Element

One of the simple substances made up of one kind of atom.

A reaction in which oxygen is joined with another substance is called a(n) _____ reaction.

Oxidation.

A movable cylinder in a tube is called a _____.

Piston.

Force is defined as a(n) _____ or a(n) _____ on an object.

Push; Pull.

Heat waves traveling at the speed of light are called _____.

Radiation.

The earth's surface transfers heat to the atmosphere primarily by _____.

Radiation.

The primary method by which one object transfers energy to another distant object is _____. Conduction. Convection. Radiation. None of these.

Radiation.

The sun's energy reaches the earth by _____. Radiation. Convection. Conduction. Fusion.

Radiation.

Combustion

Rapid oxidation.

Burning

Rapid oxidation; combustion.

Silver paint _____ radiation.

Reflects.

Friction

Resistance to motion between two objects in contact.

Insulator

Something that hinders the passage of heat, electricity, or sound.

Chain reaction

Splitting one after the other.

Potential energy

Stored energy.

The amount of molecular vibration is directly related to the measurement of _____.

Temperature.

Energy

The ability to do work.

Explosion

The action of blowing up; "instant" oxidation.

Atmosphere

The air around the earth.

Nucleus

The center or core of the atom.

Atomic energy

The energy of atoms.

Heat

The energy of vibrating molecules.

Chemical energy

The energy possessed by a substance by virtue of its physical properties.

Nuclear reaction

The fission or fusion of atomic nuclei.

Oxidation

The joining of oxygen with another substance.

Atomic mass unit

The mass of one proton or one neutron, abbreviated amu.

Temperature

The measure of how hot or cold a substance is.

What can you expect as an object is heated?

The molecules will move faster.

Electron

The negatively charged particle of an atom.

Radiation

The process of energy being carried from one object to another without physical contact.

Mass

The quantity of matter something contains.

Atom

The smallest part of an element that has the characteristics of the element.

Fission

The splitting of atomic nuclei.

Atomic reaction

The splitting or fusing of atomic nuclei.

Convection

The transfer of heat by the motion of the particles of a gas or fluid.

Conduction

The transmission of heat by the transferring of energy from one particle to another.

Neutron

The uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

An indirect (related) measurement of the speed of molecules is made with a(n) _____.

Thermometer.

Convert

To change.

True or False: All forms of energy can be converted into any other form.

True.

True or False: Friction always produces heat.

True.

True or False: Friction is produced when work is done.

True.

True or False: Homes can be heated using combustion of different materials.

True.

True or False: Kinetic energy can come from other sources of energy.

True.

A _____ is found between the glass walls of the Dewar flask.

Vacuum.

Energy is the ability to accomplish _____.

Work.