GENERAL SCIENCE STUDY GUIDE PART 2

Which statement best describes how water's properties relate to its functions in a human's biological systems? a. Water absorbs a lot of energy from the skin due to its high specific heat. b. Water enters the body and provides support due to capillary action. c. Water helps decrease the body's density to allow it to float. d. Water dissolves and transports nonpolar covalent compounds in the body.

a. water absorbs a lot of energy from the skin due to its high specific heat

Johanna is studying what happens to the energy as a ball rolls down a ramp. What is one form of energy that she is studying? a. gravitational potential energy b. electrical energy c. chemical energy d. elastic potential energy

a. gravitational potential energy

Chemicals that are able to slow or stop the reaction rate are ______. a. inhibitors. b. reactants. c. products. d. catalysts.

a. inhibitors

As atoms gain energy, they move faster and slide past one another more easily. Atoms at the surface of the substance overcome attractions to nearby atoms and break free of the surface. Which change of state is taking place? a. liquid to gas b. gas to liquid c. liquid to solid d. solid to liquid

a. liquid to gas

Which property of matter is conserved in chemical reactions and shown by balanced equations? a. mass b. volume c. density d. shape

a. mass

Justin is making a snack. He toasts a piece of bread and spreads peanut butter and jelly on it. Then he cuts an apple into several slices and adds these to his plate. Next, Justin mixes a scoop of lemonade powder into a glass of water, mixes it, and adds ice. How many chemical changes occurred in this scenario? a. one b. two c. three d. four

a. one

Food can spoil very quickly. Which methods are used to minimize the reactions that allow bacteria and fungi to grow? a. preservatives and low temperature b. high temperature and preservatives c. catalysts and high temperatures d. low temperatures and catalysts

a. preservatives and low temperature

Which use of iron is due to its chemical properties? a. producing colored sparks in fireworks b. changing from liquid to gas at 2,862°C c. conducting electricity and heat d. changing from solid to liquid if heated to 1,538°C

a. producing colored spars in fireworks

Gold's natural state has a definite shape and a definite volume. What is gold's natural state(s)? a. solid b. liquid c. solid or gas d. liquid or gas

a. solid

When explaining chemical reactions to a friend, Brianna models a reaction by taking several colors of modeling clay and making a sculpture of a horse. Which type of chemical reaction is Brianna most likely explaining? a. synthesis b. decomposition c. polymerization d. replacement

a. synthesis

Freddy mixes a solid chemical with a liquid chemical and generates a chemical reaction. What can be said about any mixture of chemicals he used? a. The products will be different than the reactants. b. The products will be the same as the reactants. c. The products will be solids. d. The products will be liquids.

a. the products will be different than the reactions

Which statement best describes the atoms in a solid? a. They are held together by strong attractions. b. They slide past each other. c. They are located far apart. d. They spread to fill available space.

a. they are held together by strong attractions

Which best describes what happens to the atoms in a chemical reaction? a. they are rearranged b. many of them disappear c. all of them form stronger bonds d. all of them remain unchanged

a. they are rearranged

Which describes a scenario that would most likely use an inhibitor? a. During activity, sugar is converted to energy. b. When at rest, the body stores sugar. c. After a meal, protein digestion occurs in the stomach. d. Before a meal, digestive juices are preparing for food.

a. when at rest, the body stores sugar

How does work affect energy between objects so it can cause a change in the form of energy? a. Work transfers energy. b. Work changes energy. c. Work increases energy. d. Work decreases energy.

a. work transfers energy

One half of a balanced chemical equation is shown. 3Mg(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 Which lists the numbers of each atom the other half of the equation would contain? a. 3 Mg, 2 P, 14 O, 12 H b. Mg, 2 P, 14 O, 6 H c. 3 Mg, 8 P, 7 O, 6 H d. 6 Mg, 6 P, 2 O, 12 H

a. 3 Mg, 2 P,14 O,12 H

Why is reaching activation energy necessary? a. Reactants require a minimum amount of energy to start to break a chemical bond. b. Products require a minimum amount of energy to start to break a chemical bond. c. Reactants must have the maximum amount of energy to start to break a chemical bond. d. Products must have the maximum amount of energy to start to break a chemical bond.

a. Reactants require a minimum amount of energy to start to break a chemical bond.

Melting butter is a physical change. Which best describes what is happening? a. The butter changes into a different substance. b. The butter contains a new arrangement of atoms. c. The butter cannot turn into a solid again. d. The butter no longer contains the same number of atoms.

b. the butter contains a new arrangement of atoms

Julianna blows air into a balloon to inflate it. What can be known about the atoms of the air? a. They are close together. b. They are moving constantly at high speeds. c. They vibrate in place. d. They are held together by strong attractions.

b. they are moving at high speeds

Which statement describes all solids? a. They contain loosely packed atoms. b. They have a definite shape and volume. c. They have a smooth, rigid surface. d. They flow with resistance.

b. they have a definite shape and volume

Gabriel is performing an experiment in which he is measuring the energy and work being done by a ball rolling down a hill. Which statement best describes Gabriel's measurements? a. They will remain constant. b. They will both be recorded in joules. c. They will both be recorded in hertz. d. They will involve compressions.

b. they will bot be recorded in joules

Water molecules are polar because the _______. a. water molecule has a linear shape. b. water molecule has a bent shape. c. oxygen atom has fewer electrons around it. d. hydrogen atom forms an ionic bond with oxygen.

b. water molecule has a bent shape

Which example best shows that the chemistry of water is helpful to plants? a. Water's polarity produces a high density, which allows water to move to the leaves. b. Water's bent shape causes a slow passage of nutrients up to the leaves of plants. c. Water's polarity causes cohesion that pulls other water molecules up through a plant. d. Water's bent shape reduces its own passage through the cell membranes of roots.

c. water's polarity causes cohesion that pulls other water molecules up through a plant

Leslie incorrectly balances an equation as 2C4H10 + 12O2 → 8CO2 + 10H2O. Which coefficient should she change? a. 2 b. 8 c. 10 d. 12

d. 12

What happens to the atoms in a scoop of ice cream as it melts? a. They decrease in temperature. b. They lose energy. c. They vibrate faster. d. They are held tightly in a fixed position.

c. they vibrate faster

Cecil writes the equation for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen below. H2 + O2 → H2O Why does his teacher ask him to balance the equation by including the correct coefficients? a. to show that most molecules exist in pairs b. to show that most compounds exist in pairs c. to show that atoms are conserved in chemical reactions d. to show that atoms are created in chemical reactions

c. to show that atoms are more conserved in chemical reactions

Which is the correctly balanced equation for the reaction of rust, Fe2O3, and hydrochloric acid, HCl? a. Fe2O3 + HCl → FeCl3 + H2O b. Fe2O3 +3 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + H2O c. Fe2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O d. Fe2O3 + 3 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O

c. Fe2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 FeCl3 + 3 H2O

Henry mixed salt and water together in a cup until he observed a clear solution. He measured the mass of the solution. Then he placed the cup outside for several sunny days during the summer. After a week, he observed that only solid salt remained in the cup and the mass had decreased. Henry concluded that a physical and chemical change occurred in this investigation. Which statements correctly defend or dispute his conclusion? a. He is correct. Dissolving salt in water is a physical change, but evaporating the water is a chemical change. Formation of a solid is evidence that a chemical change occurred. b. He is correct. Evaporation is a physical change, but dissolving salt in water is a chemical change. The change in mass is evidence that a chemical change occurred. c. He is incorrect. Dissolving salt in water and evaporation of the water are both physical changes. The reappearance of salt is evidence that the change was reversible by a physical change, so it could not be a chemical change. d. He is incorrect. Dissolving salt in water and evaporation of the water are both chemical changes. The reappearance of salt is evidence that the change was reversible by a chemical change, so it could not be a physical change.

c. He is incorrect. Dissolving salt in water and evaporation of the water are both physical changes. The reappearance of salt is evidence that the change was reversible by a physical change, so it could not be a chemical change.

Which best explains why water is able to "stick" to the side of glass? a. Strong adhesive forces exist between different water molecules. b. Strong cohesive forces exist between different water molecules. c. Strong adhesive forces exist between glass and the water molecules. d. Strong cohesive forces exist between glass and the water molecules.

c. Strong adhesive forces exist between glass and the water molecules

Which equation is balanced? a. Mg3N2 + H2O 3MgO + 2NH3 b. C3H8 + 5O2 H2O + 3CO2 c. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 d. 3H2SO4 + 2Fe Fe2(SO4)3 + H2

c. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Substances A and B react in a ratio of A + B → AB. Colin was combining substance A and substance B to form substance AB. He added 10 g of substance A and 45 g of substance B. How much of substance AB would Colin make? a. 10 g b. 35 g c. 45 g d. 55 g

d. 55g

The mixing of barium chloride and sodium sulfate is a precipitate reaction. This reaction generates barium sulfide and sodium chloride. Which best describes this reaction? a. Barium chloride and sodium sulfate are solids, and barium sulfide or sodium chloride must be a liquid. b. All of the materials are liquids. c. All of the materials are solids. d. Barium chloride and sodium sulfate are liquids, and barium sulfide or sodium chloride must be a solid.

d. Barium chloride and sodium sulfate are liquids, and barium sulfate and sodium chlorine must be a solid

What is the number "4" in SiCl4? a. a subscript b. a coefficient c. a product d. a reactant

a. a subscript

To break a chemical bond, particles need to collide with a certain amount of _________. a. energy. b. atoms. c. molecules. d. chemicals.

a. energy

Which statement best describes the energy changes associated with evaporation and boiling? a. Atoms gain energy during evaporation and boiling. b. Atoms lose energy during evaporation and boiling. c. Atoms gain energy during evaporation but lose energy during boiling. d. Atoms lose energy during evaporation but gain energy during boiling.

a. atoms gain energy during evaporation and boiling

In the product 6O2, what does the coefficient mean? a. There are 12 molecules of O2, b. There are 8 molecules of O2, c. There are 6 molecules of O2. d. There are 2 molecules of O2.

c. there are 6 molecule of O2

Which statement best describes what happens during a chemical change? a. Both the identity and the properties of a substance change. b. Some properties of a substance change, but its identity remains the same. c. The chemical properties of a substance change, but its physical properties remain the same. d. The physical properties of a substance change, but its chemical properties remain the same.

a. both the identity and the properties of a substance change

When water dissolves sugar, which process is not involved? a. dissociation b. hydration c. surface area of the solute increases

a. dissociation

Jenna took an open bowl of leftover mashed potatoes from the refrigerator and noticed a difference in smell. She determined that chemical changes occurred since the potatoes were first placed there. Which observations most likely led to Jenna's conclusion? a. a change of odor b. a decrease in temperature c. a change in moisture content d. a decrease in mass

a. a change of odor

A chemist mixes oxygen gas and hydrogen gas to form water, which is composed of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms per molecule. What has occurred? a. a chemical change b. a physical change c. combustion d. precipitation

a. a chemical change

When Gerald mixes baking soda and vinegar, the materials combine to turn into a gas. What can Gerald assume occurred? a. a chemical change b. a physical change c. combustion d. precipitation

a. a chemical change

Which is the best example of water regulating an organism's body temperature? a. a jogger sweating after a run b. a fish passing water over its gills c. a deer taking a drink from a stream d. a leaf using water for photosynthesis

a. a jogger sweating after a run

Sulfurous acid, H2SO3, breaks down into water (H2O) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). If only one molecule of sulfurous acid was involved in a chemical reaction, how many sulfur (S) atoms would be in the products? a. 1 atom of sulfur b. 2 atoms of sulfur c. 3 atoms of sulfur d. No atoms of sulfur would be present.

a. 1 atom of sulfur

If carbon monoxide reaches a temperature of over 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit, it will ignite in a combustion reaction with oxygen. What would the product(s) of the reaction be? 2CO + O2 → ? a. 2CO2 b. C2 + O4 c. 2CO + O2 d. H2O

a. 2CO2

Enzymes are added to a chemical reaction to lower the activation energy. What is an enzyme classified as? a. a catalyst b. an inhibitor c. an accelerator d. a depressant

a. a catalyst

What is an indicator that a chemical change has occurred? a. a change in energy b. a change in shape c. the presence of solubility in water d. the presence of a melting point

a. a change in energy

What happens during evaporation? a. A liquid changes to a gas. b. A liquid changes to a solid. c. A gas changes to a liquid. d. A solid changes to a liquid.

a. a liquid changes to a gas

Akia is balancing the equation Na + H2O NaOH + H2. He tries to find the coefficients that will balance the equation. How could he find the correct coefficients? a. by counting each individual atom and making sure the number of each kind of atom is the same in the reactants and the products b. by counting the total atoms and making sure the number of atoms in the reactants is the same as the number of atoms in the products c. by counting the total mass of each compound and making sure the reactants have more mass than the products d. by counting the mass of each atom and making sure the reactants are more massive than the products

a. by counting each individual atom and making sure the number of each kind of atom is the same in the reactants and the products

Which liquid is the most viscous? a. syrup b. water c. milk d. apple juice

a. syrup

An analogy makes a comparison between objects based on their similar qualities. Cassidy wanted to create an analogy for the motion of atoms in solids, liquids, and gases, so she compared them to marbles in a tray. Which best compares the phases of matter to marbles in a tray? a. A solid is like the tray being shaken and the marbles moving around it, and a liquid is like the tray being shaken slowly and all the marbles moving in their positions. b. A solid is like the tray being shaken slowly and all the marbles moving in their positions, a liquid is like the tray being shaken and the marbles moving around it, and a gas is like the tray being shaken hard and the marbles moving vigorously around it. c. A gas is like the tray being shaken slowly and all the marbles moving in their positions, and a solid is like the tray being shaken hard and the marbles moving vigorously around it. d. A liquid is like the tray being shaken hard and the marbles moving vigorously around it, and a gas is like the tray being shaken slowly and all the marbles moving in their positions.

b. A solid is like the tray being shaken slowly and all the marbles moving in their positions, a liquid is like the tray being shaken and the marbles moving around it, and a gas is like the tray being shaken hard and the marbles moving vigorously around it.

Hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to form water and sodium chloride. Hydrochloric acid is an extremely acidic, clear, corrosive liquid. Sodium hydroxide is a very basic white solid. What can be known about the reactants of this reaction? a. They will be clear. b. They will not have the properties of sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid. c. They will be corrosive. d. They will have the properties of sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid.

b. They will not have the properties of sodium hydroxide or hydrochloric acid

Which statement best defines the relationship between work and energy? a. Work can transfer energy between objects and increase radiant energy. b. Work can transfer energy between objects and cause a change in the form of energy. c. Work can transfer energy between objects and decrease nuclear energy. d. Work can transfer energy between objects and cause a change in the amount of total energy.

b. Work can transfer energy between objects and cause a change in the form of energy.

When baking soda and vinegar react, the surface bubbles. What does this most likely indicate? a. a chemical change, because a precipitate is being formed b. a chemical change, because a gas is being formed c. a non-chemical change, because a precipitate is being formed d. a non-chemical change, because a gas is being formed

b. a chemical change, because a precipitate is being formed

Which clue can be used to identify a chemical reaction as a combustion reaction? a. Oxygen is a product. b. A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen. c. Water and carbon dioxide react. d. The reaction involves ions.

b. a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen

Which statement describes all chemical changes, but not all physical changes? a. Bubbles are produced. b. A new substance forms. c. Phase changes occur. d. A color change occurs.

b. a new substance forms

Franklin was performing an experiment by combining hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. He measured the mass of his reactant materials to be 35g. The reaction resulted in the production of salt and water. He reported that his products weighed 32g. Which best describes the results of Franklin's experiment? a. No error occurred, some of the products are always lost as heat. b. An error occurred, the mass of the reactants should equal the mass of the products. c. An error occurred, the products should weigh more than the reactants. d. No error occurred, water is not weighed when determining the weight of the products.

b. an error occurred, the mass of the reactants should equal the mass of the products

Which statement best defines energy? a. Energy is the force applied over a distance. b. Energy is the ability to do work. c. Energy is the rate at which work is done. d. Energy is the motion of objects.

b. energy is the ability to do work

During which changes of state does the motion of the atoms decrease? a. melting and deposition b. freezing and condensation c. condensation and evaporation d. vaporization and sublimation

b. freezing and condensation

Carmen has a sample of matter. It is clear and smells sour. The sample is also thick but it flows when poured. Which is the best conclusion about Carmen's sample? a. It is a liquid because it is clear. b. It is a liquid because it flows. c. It is a solid because it is thick. d. It is a solid because it smells sour.

b. it is a liquid because it flows

Inside stars in space, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium atoms. This represents which form of energy? a. electrical energy b. nuclear energy c. chemical energy d. radiant energy

b. nuclear energy

Which is an example of a chemical reaction? a. paper folded into tiny pieces b. paper burned and turned into smoke c. paper soaked in water d. paper shredded and turned into pulp

b. paper burned and turned into smoke

When liquid silver nitrate and liquid sodium chloride are combined, solid silver chloride forms along with a new liquid, sodium nitrate. Which substance represents the precipitate? a. silver nitrate b. silver chloride c. sodium chloride d. sodium nitrate

b. silver chloride

Which of these most likely represents a chemical change? a. water boiling b. sugars digested by saliva c. mud drying to dirt d. ice cream melting

b. sugars digested by saliva

Which statement best describes the movement of atoms in a solid? a. They are able to slide past each other. b. They spread apart as far as possible. c. They have no freedom to move. d. They are free to move in all directions.

c. they have no freedom to move

When Anna eats an apple, the sugars in that apple are broken down into the substance called glucose. Glucose is then burned in her body for energy. One of the body parts that needs this energy is the heart, which beats due to electrical impulses. A byproduct of this glucose breakdown is the heat that warms her body and is later released. Which identifies the energy transformations that take place in Anna's body as this process takes place? a. Mechanical energy is converted to kinetic energy, which is then converted to potential energy. b. Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy and electrical energy. c. Electrical energy is converted to chemical energy and thermal energy. d. Mechanical energy is converted to potential energy which is then converted to kinetic energy.

b. Chemical energy is converted to thermal energy and electrical energy.

Which best explains why water has a high specific heat? a. Hydrogen bonds decrease the amount of energy that is required for the temperature to change. b. Hydrogen bonds increase the amount of energy that is required for the temperature to change. c. Ion-dipole interactions increase the amount of energy that is required for the temperature to change. d. Ion-dipole interactions decrease the amount of energy that is required for the temperature to change.

b. Hydrogen bonds increase the amount of energy that is required for the temperature to change.

A yellow ball with a mass of 2 kg is rolling across the floor at 3 m/s. A red ball with a mass of 3 kg is rolling across the same floor at 3 m/s. Which ball has greater kinetic energy, and why? a. The yellow ball has greater kinetic energy, because it is rolling at a higher position above the ground. b. The red ball has greater kinetic energy, because it has a greater mass. c. The yellow ball has greater kinetic energy, because it is rolling at a greater speed. d. The red ball has greater kinetic energy, because it is releasing more thermal energy.

b. The red ball has greater kinetic energy, because it has a greater mass.

On a cool morning, Uyen's breath can form a cloud when she breathes out. Which changes of state are most responsible for Uyen seeing her breath in this way? a. melting b. condensation c. deposition d. sublimation

b. condensation

Abin is doing work by lifting a bowling ball. Which statement could be made about the energy in this situation? a. It is being transferred from the ball to his arm muscles. b. It is being transferred from his arm muscles to the ball. c.It would be recorded in units of hertz and power. d. It would be cause a change in energy from potential to chemical.

b. it is being transferred from his arm muscles to the ball

For the equation 3Cu + 8HNO3 → 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O, how many units of NO3 are represented on the products side? a. 2 b. 3 c. 6 d. 8

c. 6

Water has a "bent" geometry. Which explanation does not explain why? a. Water's oxygen has unbonded electron pairs that repel each other. b. Water can form hydrogen bonds. c. Electrons are evenly distributed in the water molecule.

c. Electrons are evenly distributed in the water molecule

Based on the synthesis reaction, what would the product of the reaction be? NaPO3 + CuO → ? a. NaO + CuPO3 b. Na + P + Cu + O4 c. NaCuPO4 d. NaCu + PO4

c. NaCuPO4

Which of these is a chemical property of aluminum? a. Aluminum has a density of 2.70 g · cm−3 b. Aluminum is silvery white in color. c. Aluminum is highly reactive. d. Aluminum is a soft metal.

c. aluminum is highly reactive

Calcium carbonate can break down to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 The oxygen atoms on the product side are ___________. a. not balanced because there are only two oxygen atoms in CO2 b. not balanced because there is only one oxygen atom in CaO. c. balanced because the total number of oxygen atoms is 3. d. balanced when a coefficient of 3 is placed in front of CO2.

c. balanced because the total number of oxygen atoms is 3

The expression CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 is an example of a _______. a. reactant. b. product. c. chemical equation. d. chemical progression.

c. chemical equation

Determine which change of state is being described in this passage. As the temperature decreases, the atoms lose energy. The atoms begin to move slower. They are held together by attractive forces, but are still able to slide past each other. a. solid to liquid b. liquid to solid c. gas to liquid d. gas to solid

c. gas to liquid

Which is a cause of polarity in water molecules? a. partial negative charge on the hydrogen atoms b. partial positive charge on the oxygen atom c. high electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen d. low electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen

c. high electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen

When water dissolves salt, which process is not involved? a. dissociation b. hydration c. ionization

c. ionization

Which characteristic of a substance is considered a chemical property? a. its boiling point b. its reactivity c. its density d. its conductivity

c. its reactivity

Which term describes the energy an object has because of its motion? a. potential b. nuclear c. kinetic d. thermal

c. kinetic

Which is the process by which a solid changes to a liquid? a. condensation b. evaporation c. melting d. sublimation

c. melting

Density involves the amount of a material in a certain volume. When a material changes phases, it changes in density in a predictable way as the amount of material stays the same but the molecules get farther apart or closer together. Water has solid and liquid states that do not follow these predictions of density in the phases of matter. What does that mean about the densities of the phases of water? a. The solid state is the most dense, followed by the liquid state, then the gas state. b. The solid state is more dense than the liquid state. c. The liquid state is more dense than the solid state. d. The gas state is the most dense, followed by the liquid state, then the solid state.

c. the liquid state is more dense than the solid state

Which best describes activation energy? a. the maximum amount of energy required to end a chemical reaction b. the amount of energy absorbed in an endothermic reaction c. the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction d. the amount of energy released in an exothermic reaction

c. the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Reggie and Charlotte are baking oatmeal cookies. They dip the baked cookies in melted chocolate. The chocolate cools to form a hardened coating. Reggie argues the entire chocolate-covered cookie has undergone a chemical change. Charlotte disagrees, saying only the original oatmeal cookie has undergone a chemical change, not the chocolate coating. Who is correct? a. Reggie, because baking and melting cause bonds to be broken, leading to a chemical change. b. Reggie, because objects that are heated always undergo chemical changes. c. Charlotte, because melting objects only sometimes cause a chemical change. d. Charlotte, because baking causes a chemical change, but melting objects is a non-chemical change.

d. Charlotte, because baking causes a chemical change, but melting objects is a non-chemical change.

What is the outcome of all chemical changes when two substances are combined? a. A new substance forms with identical properties. b. The two substances release an odor. c. The two substances change color. d. A new substance forms with different properties.

d. a new substance forms with different properties

What must occur in order for a chemical reaction to be specifically classified as endothermic instead of exothermic? a. Atoms are rearranged. b. Chemical bonds are formed. c. Energy is released in the form of heat. d. Energy is absorbed in the form of heat.

d. energy is absorbed in the form of heat

Michael has a substance that he puts in Container 1. The substance has a volume of 5 cubic meters. He then puts the substance in Container 2, and it now has a volume of 10 cubic meters. In which phase(s) is the substance? a. solid or liquid b. liquid or gas c. liquid d. gas

d. gas

What is a chemical property? a. It is a characteristic of matter that can be observed without changing its identity. b. It is a characteristic of matter that can be observed when it changes phases. c. It is a characteristic of matter that is observable only when the substance is by itself. d. It is a characteristic of matter that describes its ability to change into a different substance.

d. it is a characteristic of matter that describes its ability to change into a different substance

Which statement would be true about a water molecule if it had a linear shape? a. It would contain ionic bonds. b. It would have improved special properties. c. It would easily bond with other water molecules. d. It would be a nonpolar molecule.

d. it would be a nonpolar module

Which type of reaction is NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl? a. synthesis b. decomposition c. oxidation d. replacement

d. replacement

During which change of state would the volume of a substance increase the most? a. deposition b. melting c. vaporization d. sublimation

d. sublimation

Which statement best describes most chemical changes? a. They are slow and gradual processes. b. They do not involve solids. c. They require oxygen. d. They are not reversible.

d. they are not reversible

Which statement best describes the atoms in a gas? a. They vibrate in place. b. They stay in a fixed position. c. They are closely packed. d. They move freely in all directions.

d. they move freely in all directions

Which best explains the high surface tension of water? a. its high density b. its ion-dipole interactions c. its adhesive interactions d. its hydrogen bonding interactions

d. its hydrogen bonding interactions

Which best describes the law of conservation of mass? a. The coefficients in front of the chemicals in the reactants should be based on the physical state of the products. b. Products in the form of gases are not considered a part of the total mass change from reactants to products. c. When reactants contain both a solid and a liquid, the solid counts toward the overall mass and the liquid does not. d. The mass of the reactants and products is equal and is not dependent on the physical state of the substances.

d. The mass of the reactants and products is equal and is not dependent on the physical state of the substances.

Which is the balanced equation for V2O5 + CaS → CaO + V2S5? a. V2O5 + CaS → CaO + V2S5 b. 5V2O5 + 5CaS → 10CaO + 5V2S5 c. 3V2O5 + 3CaS → 3CaO + 3V2S5 d. V2O5 + 5CaS → 5CaO + V2S5

d. V2O5 + 5CaS → 5CaO + V2S5

Chemicals that are able to reduce activation energy in a reaction and speed the reaction rate are ________. a. inhibitors. b. reactants. c. products. d. catalysts.

d. catalysts

Liquid 1 reacts with Liquid 2, producing a solid and a gas. Using this scenario, which supports the law of conservation of mass? a. mass of Liquid 1 + mass of solid = mass of Liquid 2 + mass of gas b. mass of Liquid 1 - mass of solid = mass of Liquid 2 - mass of gas c. mass of Liquid 1 - mass of Liquid 2 = mass of solid + mass of gas d. mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2 = mass of solid + mass of gas

d. mass of Liquid 1 + mass of Liquid 2 = mass of solid + mass of gas

The atoms in a ________ have a definite volume, but move quickly to overcome the forces of attraction between them.

liquid

Adhesion, cohesion, and capillary action are properties of water most closely related to ______________.

surface tension