Genetics 1 hmwk- What is Sickle Cell

Select all of the following ways that sickle-cell disease impacts the body.

-Red blood cells block capillaries in alveoli , causing acute chest syndrome. -Oxygen concentration drop because of the reduced ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen. -Red blood cell clump up and restrict blood flow (in small blood vessels). -Red blood cells form a sickle shape. -Red blood cells block capillaries in kidney preventing Them from filtering the blood properly.

Hemoglobin molecules are found in abundance in red blood cells, with each cell containing as many as ____________ hemoglobin molecules.

250 million

Genes are portions of ____________ that code for instructions for proteins or RNA molecules.

DNA

Many of our traits are considered to be inheritable, meaning they are controlled, at least in part, by genes and then passed onto future generations. For each of the following traits, decide if they are inheritable traits. Select only those that are.

Natural hair color and texture Cystic fibrosis Eye Color Skin color Height Sickle cell disease

Sickle-cell disease causes hemoglobin proteins to become altered. What direct effect does this have on red blood cells? a. Red blood cells become sickle-shaped, clumping up and blocking blood flow in capillaries. b. Red blood cells swell up, allowing fewer to flow through tiny capillaries and reducing blood flow. c. Red blood cells shrivel up, causing too many of them to flow through capillaries at once, increasing blood pressure. d. Red blood cells become sickle-shaped, resulting in them carrying increased oxygen to body cells. Hyperoxia results.

a. Red blood cells become sickle-shaped, clumping up and blocking blood flow in capillaries.

Sickle-cell disease is a disorder that is caused by... a. a single mutation on a single gene b. a collection of mutations on a single gene c. a collection of mutations that span several different genes d. a collection of genetic mutations and environmental factors

a. a single mutation on a single gene

Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene? a. genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA b. a section of DNA that produces a single protein product c. the protein product that genetic material produces d. a collection of polypeptides that fold to form a complex protein

a. genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA

Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell? a. red blood cells b. white blood cells c. neurons d. osteoblasts

a. red blood cells

Hemoglobin functions in _____ cells and carries ____ to all cells of the body. a. red blood; oxygen b. white blood; carbon dioxide c. neural; neurotransmitters d. bone; calcium

a. red blood; oxygen

With each breath, air enters the lungs, ending in ____________ , small sacs with thin walls that allow for gas exchange to occur.

alveoli

Additionally, the red blood cells do not form correctly, resulting in a ____________ appearance.

crescent moon shaped

This disease ____________ depend on environmental factors, meaning its inheritance pattern can be easily studied.

does not

Factors other than genes that control our traits include ____________ influences.

environmental

This molecule is composed of four polypeptide chains called ____________ .

globin(s)

Each of these ____________ contains a ____________ associated with it.

globin(s) heme group(s)

The ____________ contain iron, which readily interacts with ____________ , allowing hemoglobin molecules to transport this gas to the cells of the body.

heme group(s) oxygen

It is the ____________ molecules within red blood cells that bind the oxygen to transport it to all the cells in the body.

hemoglobin

This causes ____________ proteins in red blood cells to form incorrectly, meaning they cannot transport ____________ .

hemoglobin oxygen

This air is ____________ in oxygen, while the blood returning from the tissues of the body is ____________ in oxygen.

high low

Genes rarely act ____________ but instead act ____________ to control these traits.

individually in groups

These differences allow oxygen to move ____________ red blood cells and carbon dioxide to move ____________ red blood cells.

into out of

This same air is also ____________ in carbon dioxide, while blood returning from the tissues of the body is ____________ in carbon dioxide.

low high

Genes also control ____________ traits, including how the cells in our body should function.

metabolic

Sickle-cell disease is an inherited disease that is caused by a mutation to ____________ gene(s).

one

Genes control our ____________ traits, including eye color, hair color, and finger length.

physical

Hemoglobin is a ____________ molecule that is found in the red blood cells of the circulatory system.

protein