geo Exam 1

What percentage of the total mass of our solar system does the Sun represent? 99% 50% 30% 80%

99%

Select any/all of the following that are true about igneous rocks. Question 14 options: Are commonly found at/near divergent boundaries. Form from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava. Can form both on Earth's surface or underneath the surface. Igneous rocks cannot become other igneous rocks due to melting and cooling.

Are commonly found at/near divergent boundaries. Form from the cooling and crystallization of magma or lava. Can form both on Earth's surface or underneath the surface

If you see an igneous rock that is light colored (white, pink) and has large crystals (i.e., coarse texture), what can you say about this rock? Nothing - color and texture don't tell us anything about the rock. The magma it formed from came from the crust, and it cooled slowly beneath Earth's surface. We can only say that it came from the Earth's crust. The magma it formed from came from the mantle, and it cooled quickly on Earth's surface.

The magma it formed from came from the crust, and it cooled slowly beneath Earth's surface.

True or False: Because it is warmer near the equator and colder near the poles, air tends to rise near the equator and sink near the poles.

True

The Hubble Plot, which is a graph of distance to galaxy (x axis) and recessional velocity (y axis), shows that the closer to us a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away from us. the closer a galaxy is to us, the faster it is moving toward us. the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away from us. all galaxies are moving away from us at roughly the same speed.

the farther a galaxy is from us, the faster it is moving away from us.

Lighter color rocks (felsic rocks)

Formed in the crust have a lower lower density

Dark colored rocks

Formed in the mantle (higher density)

Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Earth's asthenosphere? The asthenosphere is primarily solid rock. The asthenosphere is primarily liquid (lava). The asthenosphere bends and flows over long time periods. The asthenosphere has a higher density than the lithosphere.

The asthenosphere is primarily liquid (lava).

True or False: When a glacier is retreating, the ice of the glacier is flowing uphill.

false

True or False: When it is summer in the northern hemisphere (i.e., when we are experiencing summer), the Earth is closest to the Sun in its orbital path.

false

True or false large continental ice sheets (such as Greenland and Antarctica) do not flow because they are not located in valleys where gravity can pull them downhill.

false

True or false the lithosphere is composed of the upper part of Earth's crust and the entire mantle.

false

true or false The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a convergent boundary.

false

If a star is red shifted is it further or closer to us

further

What happens when the core is put under pressure

it bends because it is ductile

What happens to the crust went put under pressure

it cracks because it is brittle

True or false if a rock is buried deep in the Earth and experiences high temperatures and pressures without melting, it becomes a metamorphic rock.

true

The age of the universe (best estimation based on scientific evidence of the Big Bang event) is 4.6 million years old 4.6 billion years old 14 million years old 14 billion years old

14 billion years old

Which of the following is 4.6 billion years old? The Sun The Earth Meteorites in our solar system All of the above are 4.6 billion years old

All of the above are 4.6 billion years old

Which of the following is true about terrestrial planets? Terrestrial planets have higher densities than Jovian planets. Terrestrial planets formed closer to the Sun, because rocks can withstand the heat and not vaporize. Terrestrial planets are smaller than Jovian planets. All of the above are true of terrestrial planets. None of the above are true of terrestrial planets.

All of the above are true of terrestrial planets.

If you were observing three stars (one yellow, one red, and one blue) and all of the stars appeared blue-shifted, what would this tell you about the stars? All of the stars are moving toward us. The yellow star is not moving, the red star is moving away from us, and the blue star is moving toward us. All of the stars are moving away from us. All of the stars must be blue in color.

All of the stars are moving toward us.

Which of the following was responsible for providing the water that composes the oceans on Earth? Asteroids Comets Volcanoes None of the choices provided water to create Earth's oceans

Asteroids

Which of the following is the most likely candidate for where the water in Earth's oceans came from? Water vapor from volcanoes that condensed on Earth's surface. Comets, which are dirty snowballs, that impacted Earth early in its formation history. Water vapor from the original gas nebula that our solar system formed from. Asteroids that resided near the frost line and then hit Earth about 4 billion years ago.

Asteroids that resided near the frost line and then hit Earth about 4 billion years ago.

Where is the youngest oceanic lithosphere (i.e., rocks of the ocean floor) found? Far from divergent plate boundaries, near continental edges. At divergent plate boundaries, where lava is erupting onto the ocean floor. We don't know ages of oceanic lithosphere, so we cannot say.

At divergent plate boundaries, where lava is erupting onto the ocean floor.

Which of the following is true of temperature and precipitation on Earth? Temperature is highest at the equator, and precipitation is highest at the poles. Both temperature and precipitation are highest at/near the equator. Temperature and precipitation are pretty equal everywhere on Earth. Temperature is highest at the poles, and precipitation is highest at the equator.

Both temperature and precipitation are highest at/near the equator

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mineral? Has an ordered internal structure of atoms. Can be grown in a laboratory. Has a definite chemical composition. Is inorganic.

Can be grown in a laboratory.

Select any/all of the following types of plate boundaries that do NOT generate any melting/lava/volcanic eruptions. Continent-continent collision (convergent) Divergent Transform Subduction (convergent)

Continent-continent collision (convergent) transform

Which of the following statements about density is NOT true? Density of a rock can increase if it is buried deep in the Earth and subjected to high pressure. Density is the same thing as weight - so if something is more dense it has to weigh more than something less dense. Density is a property of a material and doesn't change unless the material changes phase (e.g. from solid to liquid). Density is a measure of mass per unit volume.

Density is the same thing as weight - so if something is more dense it has to weigh more than something less dense.

Which of the following statements is true about Earth's atmosphere? Earth's atmosphere came from the Big Bang. Earth's atmosphere formed about 4 billion years ago, and has always had the same composition as it does today. Earth's atmosphere is only about 2 billion years old. Earth has had three different atmospheres, and its composition has changed over time (e.g., less methane, more oxygen).

Earth has had three different atmospheres, and its composition has changed over time (e.g., less methane, more oxygen).

Select any/all of the following that are characteristics of minerals. Can be grown in a laboratory. Are the same things as rocks. Grows in nature. Has a definite chemical composition. Has an orderly arrangement of atoms that influence its shape.

Grows in nature. Has a definite chemical composition. Has an orderly arrangement of atoms that influence its shape.

What are the key factors of plate tectonic

Heat and gravity drive by density differences between hotter and colder (mostly solid) matter

Why are the terrestrial planets closer to the sun?

Higher density and jovian planets would evaporate near the sun

What are the jovian/gas giants planets?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

What are the terrestrial planets?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

Which of the following types of rocks is the type we find fossils in? Question 15 options: Sedimentary Metamorphic We find fossils in all three types of rocks. Igneous

Sedimentary

Which of the following characteristics is typical of a terrestrial (rocky) inner planet? Primarily composed of gases Large diameter Has rings and/or several moons Small diameter

Small diameter

Which of the following best describes what glacial retreat means? The glacier is shrinking and the ice is flowing uphill. The glacier is growing and the ice is flowing downhill. The glacier is growing and the ice is flowing uphill. The glacier is shrinking and the ice is flowing downhill.

The glacier is shrinking and the ice is flowing downhill.

What is different about the lithosphere and the asthenosphere? The lithosphere breaks under stress and the asthenosphere bends/flows under stress. The lithosphere is the same thing as the crust, and the asthenosphere is the same thing as the mantle. Nothing - the lithosphere and the asthenosphere are the same thing. The lithosphere is made of rock and the asthenosphere is made of lava.

The lithosphere breaks under stress and the asthenosphere bends/flows under stress.

What is Hubble's Law?

The recession velocity of a galaxy is directly proportional to its distance from us.

Which of the following best describes why the Earth has the compositional layers called the crust, mantle, and core? When Earth formed, the different layers were already in place. The movement of Earth's plates causes some rocks to rise and some to sink. When Earth formed, density differences caused dense material to sink, forming the core, and less dense material to rise, forming the crust.

When Earth formed, density differences caused dense material to sink, forming the core, and less dense material to rise, forming the crust.

The youngest rocks of the sea floor are found at subduction boundaries. at divergent boundaries. near coastlines, far from divergent boundaries.

at divergent boundaries.

small crystals=

cooled qucikly

Large crystals =

cooled slowly

All of the types of plate boundaries can create earthquakes. volcanoes/eruptions of lava. Large mountains. all of the above.

earthquakes.

If EMR (light) from a distant star or galaxy appears to be "red shifted" it means the light is stretched to longer wavelength. it means the distant star or galaxy is not moving relative to the observer. it means the light is compressed to shorter wavelength. it means the star is a red colored star.

it means the light is stretched to longer wavelength

The Earth has seasons because its axis of rotation is tilted, causing differential heating of the northern and southern hemispheres. the sun has variable solar output in summer and winter. global warming creates more heat in summer than in winter. during northern hemisphere winter it is farther away from the sun than during northern hemisphere summer.

its axis of rotation is tilted, causing differential heating of the northern and southern hemispheres.

What are tectonic plates made of

lithosphere (crust and upper mantle)

What is the asthenosphere?

lower mantle and core

If a star is blue shifted it is?

moving toward us

Which of the following is NOT a feature you would expect at a convergent boundary with subduction? earthquakes mountains/volcanoes trench ridge

ridge

Which layer of the atmosphere gets warmer with an increase in elevation because of UV light from the sun? Question 12 options: Stratosphere None of the atmosphere's layers get warmer as you increase in elevation. Troposphere Both the troposphere and the stratosphere

stratosphere

The Big Bang Theory describes the origin of the Earth. the origin of our Sun. the origin of our solar system. the origin of the universe, including space, time, and basic matter.

the origin of the universe, including space, time, and basic matter.

What is the lithosphere

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Galaxies in our universe appear red shifted to observers on Earth. This tells us that the universe is contracting (getting smaller). our galaxy is getting larger. the universe is expanding. the universe is not changing over time.

the universe is expanding.

True or False the lithosphere is the layer of Earth that tectonic plates are made of.

true

True or False: The troposphere gets most of its warmth from the Earth, and therefore it gets colder as you get higher in the troposphere.

true

True or false Japan is an example of a place where two oceanic plates are colliding, and one is subducting beneath the other, creating volcanic islands.

true

true or false The Himalayas are the result of two continents colliding, neither one of them subducting.

true