geo exam 3

at which of the following locations does subduction occur? a. along collision zones between two continents b. at sea floor spreading zones c. above mantle hotspots d. along collision zones between continental and oceanic plates

d. along collision zones between continental and oceanic plates

earths magnetic field______ a. provides evidence for the movement of tectonic plates b. constant in its intensity c.remains a mystery as to its cause d. is principally generated in the inner circle

d. is principally generated in the inner circle

molten rock that pours forth on the earth's surface is called_______ a. metamorphic b. magma c. intrusive d. lava

d. lava

the two most abundant elements in earths crust by weight are________ a. rock and water b. oxygen and nitrogen c. iron and aluminum d. oxygen and silicon e. water and carbon dioxide

d. oxygen and silicon

an assemblage of minerals bound together is called a ______ a. granitic compound b. minerals c. molecule d. rock

d. rock

reverse faults are associated with ________ a. tensional forces b. compressional forces c. plate convergence d. transcurrent forces

b. compressional forces

the himalayas are formed by _______ a. oceanic plate- continental plate collision b. continental plate- continental plate collision c. oceanic plate-oceanic plate collision d. a series of to spots

b. continental plate- continental plate collision

effusive eruptions produce composite volcanic peaks a. true b. false

b. false

los angeles is loaded on the north american plate a. true b. false

b. false

scientists recently succeeded in drilling through the crust to reach the mantle a. true b. false

b. false

the san Andreas fault is principally the result of compressional stress a. true b. false

b. false

weathering involves the transportation of materials

b. false

when rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process know as _______ a. folding b. faulting c. broad warping d. stressing

b. faulting

volcanic activity located away from the plate boundaries is associated with____. a. subduction and melting of plates along collision zones b. hotspots c. rift zones d. a, b, c

b. hotspots

a rock transformed from any other rock through extreme heat and or pressure is referred to as ________- a. sedimentary b. metamorphic c. igneous d. ancient

b. metamorphic

______ causes the most surface destruction a. body waves b. surface waves c. rossby waves d. short waves e. long waves

?????

the mercalli intensity scale measures to the damage caused by earthquakes a. true b. false

???????

the average elevation of all of earths solid surface (including both above and below the sea surface) is ____ a. -2070m (-6790 ft) b. 0m (0ft) c.100m (325ft) d. 875m (2870 ft)

a. -2070m

the area at the surface directly above the subsurface location where seismic waves are initiated is termed the ______ a. epicenter b. fault area c. richter zone d.focus

a. epicenter

the majority of earths crust is composed of _____ rock a. igneous b. metamorphic c. sedimentary d. carbonate

a. igneous

magma that solidifies below ground is classed as _____ a. intrusive b. extrusive c. lava d. metamorphic

a. intrusive

at which of the following locations is the new ocean crust being formed? a. mid-ocean ridge b. along collision zones b/w two continents c. along collision zones b/w two oceanic plates d. in oceanic trenches

a. mid ocean ridge

among the body waves and surface waves, ______ are the fastest to travel. a. p waves b. s waves c. l waves d. rayleigh waves

a. p waves

vertical elevation differences in a local landscape are referred to as________ a. relief b. an order of relief c. topography d. crust

a. relief

the hawaiian islands were formed as a result of ______- a. rising plume of magma from the mantle b. an oceanic oceanic plate collision c. a continental oceanic plate collision d.activity along a mid ocean ridge

a. rising plume of magma from the mantle

limestone is an example of which type of rock forming process? a.sedimentary b. metamorphic c. igneous

a. sedimentary

what type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks? a. sedimentary b. metamorphic c. igneous d. hydrothermal

a. sedimentary

lithification refers to the cementation, compaction, and hardening of sediments a. true b.false

a. true

the largest mountains in the world is a shield volcano a. true b. false

a. true

the lithosphere lies above the asthenosphere a. true b. false

a. true

the principle of isostasy refers to the vertical movement of earth's crust in response to loading and unloading of weight, such as ice or sediment a. true b. false

a. true

the most active tectonic regions of north and south america are on the ______ a. western coasts b. eastern coasts c. southern coasts d. mid-continent

a. western coasts

____ can travel through the fluid portion of the earths interior a. p waves b. s waves c. l waves d. rayleigh waves

a.p waves

three types of rock forming processes comprise the _______ a. tectonic cycle b. rock cycle c. hydrologic cycle d. mineral cycle

b. rock cycle

rift valley are created by _______ forces a. compressional b. tensional c. shear d. a,b, c

b. tensional

endogenic forces are responsible for ____ and result from___ a. uplift, weathering b. uplift, heat generated within earths interior c. weathering, chemical and physical processes acting at earths surface d. weathering, climate factors and agents of transportation

b. uplift, heat generated within earths interior

tectonic forces ______ a. erode the surface of earth b. warp, fold, and uplift rock c. control soil formation processes d. form sedimentary rock

b. warp, fold, and uplift rock

_____ is the science of landforms- their origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution a. orogenesis b. techtronic cycle c. geomorphology d.isostasy

c. geomorphology

earths interior is_____ a. equally denser throughout b. not subject to internal differentiation c. heated unevenly by the heat of radioactive decay d. arranged with lighter elements toward the center and heavier elements toward the crust

c. heated unevenly by the heat of radioactive decay

what type of rock forms from the solidification of molten material? a. sedimentary b. metamorphic c. igneous

c. igneous

knowledge of earths interior is derived from____ a. direct sampling of the interior using deep test wells b. work in earths deepest caverns and caves c. indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves d.historic and prehistoric records

c. indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves

an element or combination of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a ____ a. tectonic rock b. granitic compound c. mineral d. molecule

c. mineral

the asthenosphere can best be described as_______- a. rigid solid b. a liquid c. plastic like d. plasma like

c. plastic like

lassen peak is a _____ volcano a. shield b. composite c. plug dome d.cinder cone

c. plug dome

which of the following is true? a. the age of the sea floor is the same in most areas of the ocean b.the age of the sea floor does not follow a discernible pattern c. the age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge d. the age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a trench e. the oldest sea floor material is several billion years in age

c. the age of the sea floor increases with increasing distance from a mid-ocean ridge

uniformitarianism assumes that ________ a. earth is quite young and is shaped by dramatic events b. catastrophic episodes have regularly occurred c. the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time d. mountains, plains, and canyons formed by catastrophic events

c. the same physical processes we see today are a key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time

the oceanic crust is ___ and ___ than the continental crust a. thicker, denser b. thicker, less dense c. thinner, denser d. thinner, less dense

c. thinner, denser

the lithosphere is composed of the _______ a. uppermost mantle b. crust c. asthenosphere d. a and b e. a,b,c

d. a and b

the geologic cycle includes the _______ a. rock cycle b. tectonic cycle c. hydrologic cycle d. a and b e. a,b,c

e. a,b,c