GEOG 101 Final

How many high tides usually take place at a given coastal location each day?

2

Which of the following is necessary for the formation of well-developed karst landscapes? Select all that apply. A. a high proportion of calcium carbonate in the rock B. the presence of joints in the rock C. an aerated zone above the water table

All of these

Which of the following restricts the distribution of corals? Select all that apply. A. water temperature B. salinity C. sediment D. ocean depth

All of these

If you live in an area that experienced a 100-year flood last year, what can you conclude?

Another flood of that magnitude could happen again this year.

Which of the following accurately defines the relationship between watershed size and location along a stream?

As you move upstream, the watershed gets smaller.

Which of the following terms refers to deposited sediments that connect an island to a coastline? Select all that apply. A. a beach B. a tombolo C. a spit D. a bay barrier

B. a tombolo

Which of the following is an erosional landform? Select all that apply. A. a delta B. a point bar C. a meander cutoff D. a natural levee

C. a meander cutoff

Which of the following terms refers to the total amount of material that a given stream can transport?

Capacity

Which of the following is the dominant weathering process involved in the development of karst topography?

Carbonation

Which of the following karst features is produced by carbonation and solution, not precipitation?

Caves

Which of the following is an erosional landform?

Cutbank

Which of the following karst features is produced by precipitation, not solution? Select all that apply. A. sinkholes B. disappearing streams C. caverns D. stalactites

D. stalactites

What is the most familiar and common drainage pattern, forming treelike structures?

Dendritic

Suppose you are a water molecule in a raindrop that just fell into a stream east of the Rocky Mountain continental divide in Colorado. Which of the following drainages will you flow into?

Gulf/Atlantic drainage

Which of the following is a chemical weathering process?

Hydration

What is the term for the combination of water with another substance to produce a new compound?

Hydrolysis

What effect will wave refraction have on coastlines over time?

It will tend to straighten the coastline.

Which drainage pattern would you most likely find on a single peak or dome structure, such as a volcano?

Radial

Which mass movement process is both the fastest and driest?

Rockfall

What is the term for the process of stream transportation in which particles jump or bounce along the stream bed?

Saltation

The solution of limestone can create circular depressions on the landscape known as

Sinkholes

Which of the following is a common surface feature in limestone regions with little relief like Florida?

Sinkholes

Which mass movement type is the slowest?

Soil creep

Which of the following types of dunes is produced in an area with effective winds shifting in all directions?

Star

If a stream is subjected to uplift that increases the stream gradient, which of the following landforms will most likely be formed?

Terraces

What is the term for the distance between one wave crest and the next?

The wavelength

Which of the following statements about corals is not true?

They can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions.

Which of the following statements about coastal wetlands is true?

They have a high diversity of species.

Which drainage pattern would you most likely find in an area with folded topography producing alternating ridges and valleys, as in the Appalachian Mountain region?

Trellis

True or False: A wave train with very long wavelengths will produce very high breakers when the waves hit the shoreline.

True

True or False: Karst features are produced principally through chemical weathering.

True

True or False: The moon has a stronger influence on tides than the sun.

True

True or False: Within the past few decades, hundreds of lives and billions of dollars have been lost as hurricanes have struck barrier island developments along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts.

True

What is the single most important agent of landscape formation in arid lands?

Water

Which of the following forms of moving water would produce the greatest erosion?

Water in channels

Why do waves "break" on a beach?

Wave oscillations come in contact with the ocean floor.

Which of the following geomorphic processes must happen before a mass movement event can take place?

Weathering

What produces most ocean waves?

Wind

Which of the following is the best synonym for a tsunami?

a seismic sea wave

Which of the following would be produced by wave erosion combined with a coastline that is being uplifted by plate tectonics?

a series of terraces

Which of the following would suggest the presence of soil creep?

a tilted retaining wall

Which eolian process is primarily responsible for the production of a yardang?

abrasion

Which of the following are incorrectly matched?

abrasion — a hydraulic squeeze-and-release action

What is the term for crescent-shaped dunes resulting from constant winds and little available sand?

barchan

What is the term for water moving roughly parallel to the shore?

longshore current

Which of the following weathering processes does not involve water?

pressure-release jointing

Which physical weathering process produces rock features that are most similar to those due to spheroidal weathering?

pressure-release jointing

Along coasts, groins are established to

reduce littoral drift.

Which weathering process is particularly common in arid climates?

salt crystal growth

The fluvial transportation process of traction is most similar to which of the following eolian processes?

surface creep

Which of the following accurately defines angle of repose?

the slope steepness at which driving and resisting forces are balanced

Select all options that correctly finish this sentence: Niagara Falls is an example of A. a knickpoint. B. headward erosion. C. a disruption to a graded stream profile.

All of these

Which of the following are denudation processes? Select all that apply. A. weathering B. mass movement C. erosion

All of these

Which of the following contributed to the massive 1959 Madison River landslide in Montana? Select all that apply. A. an earthquake B. an oversteepened slope C. heavily-weathered material

All of these

Which of the following features would likely be found in a floodplain? Select all that apply. A. a meander cutoff B. an oxbow lake C. a natural levee D. a yazoo tributary

All of these

What is the term for an artificial structure designed to block material from harbor entrances?

A jetty

Which of the following is a depositional landform produced during a flood?

A natural levee

When the gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the earth are at right angles, what type of tide is produced?

A neap tide

The interaction between weathering and rock surface area is an example of

A positive feedback

Which of the following is a wave-erosional feature?

A sea stack

Which of the following processes is common to both wind and running water? Select all that apply. A. saltation B. deflation C. hydraulic action D. solution

A. saltation

Which of the following affects sea level? A. tides B. tectonic plate movement C. climate D. glaciation E. all of these

E. all of these

True or False: Barrier islands are a sturdy, safe place for human structures.

False

True or False: Global sea level is based on a fixed measurement based on the Prime Isohyet in the Atlantic Ocean.

False

True or False: Humans rarely influence mass movement.

False

True or False: If you have a strong fear of sinkholes, you should move to Florida.

False

True or False: In a meandering stream, maximum erosion occurs on the inner edge of meanders.

False

True or False: The 1993 Mississippi River Floods were the result of a few days of very intense storms.

False

If a mass movement event involves large quantities of water, what class does it belong to?

Flow

In which of the following locations would deposition be the dominant fluvial process?

Near base level

Which of the following is a chemical weathering process?

Oxidation

What drainage pattern would be most likely on a steep slope with moderate topographic variation across the slope?

Parallel

What is the term for a feature that the eolian process of deflation produces?

desert pavement

Which of the following describes the correct order that material would be deposited by a stream as it reaches base level?

gravel, sand, silt, clay

Which of the following processes causes stream capture?

headward erosion

At the zone of breaking waves on a beach, waves shift from

transition to translation.

Which of the following lists of processes is in the correct sequence as they occur in nature?

weathering, erosion, transportation, deposition