GEOG 102 Exam 3 - Chapter 14

Polynesians

Native Hawaiians are the descendants of

1898

The Hawaiian Islands were formally politically annexed to the United States in

True

Aborigines have made applications for native land claims in most of Australia's land.

True

All of the states of Australia, except one, have applications for native land claims.

a high central peak

An atoll has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

False

Areas identified in the second map as having land claim applications are under the control of Australia's Aborigines.

Nauru

Australia had maintained controversial immigrant detention centers on which island?

False

Australia is the only country in the region where indigenous people are seeking greater control over their land.

What is the Outback?

Australia's huge, dry interior

True

Citizens of New Caledonia have voted for independence from France.

Aboriginal traditions emphasize hunting and food gathering as well as intimate knowledge of the land to locate water sources.

How are Aboriginal traditions reflected in the acquisition of food and water?

It ignored the existence of the Aborigines and treated Australia as a land free for the British to colonize.

How did the declaration of Australia as "terra nullius" affect British settlement of the continent?

Australia and New Zealand have multiple major cities, whereas the rest of the countries in the region tend to have just one large city.

How does the distribution of cities in Australia and New Zealand compare to the rest of the countries in the region?

about one-third

How much of Hawaii's economy flows directly from tourist dollars?

Papua New Guinea

If you wanted to study some of the oldest indigenous cultures in Australia and Oceania, to which of these islands would you likely travel?

penal colony

In the early days of Australia's colonization, Britain used the island as a

New Zealand

In which country are Maoris the indigenous people?

French Polynesia

In which of these island nations is the life expectancy longest?

Papua New Guinea

In which of these nations is the literacy rate lowest?

Papua New Guinea

In which of these nations is the total fertility rate highest?

True

Major Aboriginal reserves are found in central Australia, as well as on the northern coast of that country.

kanakas

Pacific Island laborers who worked on the plantations in Australia

were equal to men in a nonhierarchical society

Prior to the dawn of European colonization, Maori women

True

Some parts of Australia where there are no native land claim applications are already under the control of Australia's indigenous people, the Aborigines.

True

The United States maintains a presence in Oceania.

Airport

The groundwater on Funafuti atoll became contaminated after pits were dug as part of the construction of what structure?

False

The map identifies the Maoris as the major actors in the ethnic conflict in New Zealand.

Aborigines

The original indigenous people of Australia are known as

toward the west

The volcanic islands in the above figure were created as the tectonic plate passed over a hot spot in the mantle. Based on the ages of the volcanic islands, what direction was the tectonic plate moving toward?

The world's oceans cover almost 70 percent of earth's surface. Submit

The world's oceans cover what percentage of Earth's surface?

False

There has been a recent military coup in Tonga.

Aboriginal languages and practices were banned and mixed-race children were removed from their parents.

To what extent was Aborigine culture integrated into the Australian culture that developed following British colonization?

The Outback areas in the northern and western parts of Australia.

Today, where do most Aborigines live in Australia?

Native Fijians and South Asian Fijians

Two different groups of people contribute to the unrest in Fiji. Who are they?

grapes

Viticulture refers to the growing of what crop?

Kiribati

What country's officials have asked Australia and New Zealand to accept its citizens as permanent refugees because of rising sea levels?

deep sea mining

What do many believe will be the new economic frontier in Oceania?

The goal of the Census of Marine Life is to compile the most comprehensive list to date of all life in the oceans.

What is the goal of the Census of Marine Life?

climate change

What is the greatest potential environmental threat to all countries of Oceania?

Pidgin English (pijin)

What is the hybrid and globalized language spoken throughout much of the islands of Oceania?

Melanesia

What is the least developed and poorest part of Oceania?

ethnic and political conflict

What is the major political issue in Papua New Guinea?

Scientist use ARMS, which is a small collection device, to collect thousands of specimens from the sea bed.

What is the purpose of ARMS?

freshwater

What natural resource do the Maori of New Zealand cite a legal claim to, noting their special economic and spiritual relationship with it?

civil disobedience

What primary approach has been used by both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to regain control over their lands?

the political process

What primary approach has been used by both Maoris and Aborigines in their efforts to regain control over their lands?

Coral reefs are believed to have the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem in the oceans.

What system hosts more biodiversity than any other ecosystem in the oceans?

to compensate aboriginals for lands given up and provide titles to occupied land

What was the purpose of Australia's 1993 law known as the Native Title Bill?

to promote immigration of North Americans and Europeans and limit nonwhite immigrants

What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?

on territories' coastlines

Where are most Australian cities located?

across Polynesia

Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?

France

Which European country continues to have influence in Oceania?

Aborigines

Which group is working to increase its ability to control traditional sacred lands in Australia?

Kwajalein Atoll

Which island was destroyed by nuclear tests by the United States?

iron, magnesium

Which materials in Hawaii's lava help to keep it fluid longer at the surface (as opposed to cooling and solidifying quickly), thus allowing extensive lava flows to develop?

Kilauea, Mauna Loa

Which of Hawaii's five volcanoes are still considered to be active?

temperature

Which of the following has the single most immediate effect on lava's ability to solidify?

Magma generated from a hot spot burned through the overlying plate to create volcanoes.

Which of the following scenarios best describes how the Hawaiian Islands formed in the Pacific Ocean?

Humid subtropical, moist all year

Which of these climate zones is associated with the areas of highest population density in Australia?

Papua New Guinea

Which of these island nations has the fewest Internet users per 1,000 people?

New Caledonia

Which of these island nations has the most cell phone subscriptions per 1,000 inhabitants?

Tonga

Which of these island nations has the smallest population?

Solomon Islands

Which of these island nations is the poorest, as measured by gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity?

Northern Mariana Islands

Which of these nations has the greatest population growth rate?

Australia

Which of these nations has the highest percentage of arable land?

Palau

Which of these nations is the wealthiest, as measured by gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity?

Southeast

Which region of Australia is the most densely settled?

Tasmania

Which state has no Aboriginal land claims?

Tuvalu, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands

Which three nations of Oceania may soon contribute to the list climate migrants forced to leave their homes due to sea-level rise as a result of climate change?

EEZ

gives a country economic control over resources such as fisheries as well as retaining ocean floor mineral rights 200 miles beyond its coastline