Geography 2750 Spring 2019 Midterm 1 Review

people

Anthropogenic pollution is caused by

reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to 1990 levels

At Kyoto in 1997, what did the 30 Western industrialized countries legally agree to do?

United States

Based on your readings about the Demographic Transition, which of the following nations would likely be in Stage 4 of the model? India Pakistan United States Bangladesh Mexico

The Catholic Church tolerated local variations in worship as long as conversion was underway.

The current pontiff of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis, was born in which Latin American nation?

soccer (futbol)

The dominant sport played in much of Latin America is

Kosovo

The fastest growing nation currently in Europe is

climate.

The long-term average from daily measurements of precipitation and temperature is

Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg

The most densely populated region of Europe tends to be

orographic

The movement of air over a mountain range, causing it cool (and possibly rain) as it gains elevation is known as

Venezuela

The nation with the greatest percentage of global proven oil reserves is

Because of growth of corporate farms and development of new roads and dams

The rate of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon has increased since 2000. Why?

the Cold War

The term "Third World" was originally a product of which of the following?

moving the world's wind and storm systems.

The world's pressure systems are responsible for

Eastern Europe

Traditionally, in which region of Europe were environmental conditions the worst?

a country has a city three to four times larger than any other city in the country.

Urban primacy occurs when

67°F

Using the environmental lapse rate of 3.5°F/1000 feet, if you have a surface temperature of 77.5°F at sea level and go hiking in the nearby mountains to an elevation of 3000 feet, what will the temperature be at that elevation?

Pyrenees

What European mountain range forms the political border between Spain and France?

insurgency groups that are financed mainly by the Latin American drug trade

What are Colombia's FARC and ELN?

democratically elected governments; open markets; and broader public participation in the political process

What are the major political trends in Latin America today?

there is a lack of natural growth as death rates exceed birth rates

What best describes the natural growth rate in contemporary Europe?

that a population is at its replacement rate

What does a total fertility rate of 2.1 indicate?

the collapse of the Soviet Union

What event was an important cause of the surge of immigration to European countries such as Germany since the beginning of the 1990s?

the survival of Amerindian languages in the region

What evidence demonstrates the resilience of the Indian cultures in Latin America?

land

What factor has been most crucial to the survival of the remaining indigenous people of Latin America?

divided South America between Spain and Portugal

What goal did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?

a distinctive weather pattern

What is El Niño?

a person of mixed European and Indian ancestry

What is a mestizo?

a large group of people with shared sociocultural traits and a political identity with clear territorial boundaries

What is a nation-state?

a religion that attempts to appeal to all peoples regardless of location or culture

What is a universalizing religion?

the process by which a country in whole or in part adopts the U.S. dollar as its official currency

What is dollarization?

the conversion of tropical forest into pasture

What is grassification?

thermal inversion layers

What is major factor in the poor air quality in Mexico City and Santiago?

(1) tierra caliente; (2) tierra templada; (3) tierra fria; (4) tierra helada

What is the correct order of ecosystems in altitudinal zonation, starting at lowest elevation and going to highest elevation?

Spanish

What is the predominant language in Latin America, based on the number of people who speak it as a first language?

English

What is the second-most widely spoken Germanic language in Europe, with roughly 60 million speakers?

Earth is made up of a large number of geological plates that move slowly across its surface.

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

11%

What percent of the world's power is generated from renewable sources?

50%

What percent of the world's total species could be extinct by 2050?

70%

What percentage of Earth's freshwater is locked up in polar ice caps?

3%

What percentage of Earth's water is freshwater?

environmental lapse rate

What phenomenon causes altitudinal zonation?

an emission trading scheme

What plan did Europe introduce in 2005 to help the region fight climate change?

mild summers and mild winters

A maritime climate is characterized by

minifundia.

A system wherein peasants farm small plots of land for their own subsistence is referred to as

globalization will lead to world peace.

All of the following are arguments in favor of globalization, EXCEPT a. the removal of trade barriers will cause inefficient local industries to become more efficient, and more able to compete internationally. b. globalization encourages the spread of beneficial new technologies and ideas. c. each country and region of the world will profit by concentrating on the activities for which they are best suited in the global economy. d. globalization is a logical expression of international capitalism that will benefit all peoples and all nations. e. globalization will lead to world peace.

Iraq and Syria

Which two war-torn nations have produced an enormous number of migrants seeking asylum in Europe, most notably Germany, in recent years?

to work in the coffee and sugar plantations and mines

Why did Japanese people migrate to Latin America in the mid 19th Century?

humid continental

With climate zone will have evergreen and deciduous forests?

Nigeria

Boko Haram is most often associated with which nation?

the North European Plain

By what other name is The European Lowland known?

Stage 1

In which stage(s) of the Demographic Transition are birthrates and death rates both high?

3.6°F

Computer models predict that average global temperatures will increase ________ by 2020.

the growing interconnectedness of people and places through converging processes of economic, political, and cultural change

How do the authors of your text (Diversity Amid Globalization) define globalization?

superior services, roads, and transportation

In the Latin American city model, what land use is located along the "spine"?

Norway

In which European country would you find fjords?

nuclear power

France depends on more than half of its energy supply from

effectiveness of search and rescue operations and local building standards

Haiti's 2008 earthquake resulted in over 230,000 deaths whereas Japan's 2011 earthquake resulted in 20,000 deaths. What explains the differences in loss of life?

Until recently, many countries actively discouraged Indian languages.

Historically, what has been the policy of most countries regarding Indian languages in Latin America?

when women marry early and have many children over a long span of years

In which of the following cases will the total fertility rate (TFR) be highest?

oil.

Most of the world's power is generated by

race

Social class in Latin America is closely tied to

Brazil

Spanish is an official languages in all of the following nations EXCEPT Mexico Chile Ecuador Colombia Brazil

protectionism, where high tariffs were placed on local goods to protect them from cheaper foreign imports

Neoliberalism focused on all of the following EXCEPT

a supercontinent centered on present-day Africa.

Pangaea was

is primarily concentrated along the Atlantic coastline and volcanic regions of the Andes, Mexico and Central America

Population density in Latin America is...

Fifth

The European population is characterized by which stage of the demographic transition?

convergent boundary

The Himalayas are a prime example of which feature?

crossing a European border required neither paperwork nor government approval.

The Schengen Agreement, signed in 1985, meant that

4000

The UN reports that how many children die each day from unsafe water and lack of basic sanitation?

11.9%, 10.3%

The United States produces ________% of the global supply of coal but currently consumes ________% of the global

cultural imperialism.

The active promotion of one cultural system at the expense of another is called cultural assimilation. cultural imperialism. cultural syncretization. cultural hybridization. cultural nationalism.

government-imposed financial penalties for large families.

The average number of children born to women in Latin America has been decreasing over the last two decades for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT promotion of family planning programs. rural-to-urban migration. government-imposed financial penalties for large families. greater availability of birth control. increased participation of women in the workforce.

Argentina

The current pontiff of the Catholic Church, Pope Francis, was born in which Latin American nation?

along tectonic plate boundaries

Where are earthquakes and volcanoes most commonly found?

steppes

Where are grasslands most likely to occur?

France's former colonies in Africa

Where do most immigrants to France come from?

on the peripheries of the city

Where would you most likely find a squatter settlement in a typical Latin American city?

Netherlands

Which country of Europe is primarily located on the European Lowland?

Denmark

Which nation has an ambitious goal to meet half of its energy needs through wind power by 2020?

Nigeria

Which nation has the highest RNI? The table summarizes population indicators for the world's 10 largest countries by population that are listed in the 1st column with their decreasing population as China, India, United States (U.S.), Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Russia, and Mexico. The next 8 columns show the population indicators: Population (millions) 2016, Population Density (per square kilometer), Rate of Natural Increase (RNI), Total Fertility Rate, Percent Urban, Percent under age 15, Percent over age 65 and Net Migration (Rate per 1000). The table shows most population in China in 2016 with low RNI, highest population density in Bangladesh, highest percent of urban in Brazil, highest net migration rate in the U.S. The TFR of China, U.S., Brazil, and Russia is smaller than the replacement rate of 2.1. Nigeria shows highest TFR and percent of people under age 15 but lowest percent of people over age 65. The country with more people in their child-bearing years shows a high RNI.

Colombia

Which nation in Latin America remains the top producer of cocaine?

Argentina

Which nation in South America lost a war with Great Britain in the 1980s over a territorial dispute surrounding the Falkland Islands?

Mexico

Which nation is most associated with telenovelas?

transnational firms

Which of the following groups is most likely to disrupt local ecosystems as they search for natural resources and manufacturing sites? international organizations, such as the United Nations ndigenous ethnic groups non-governmental organizations, such as Greenpeace transnational firms governments

to take advantage of government funded programs encouraging people to migrate to large urban areas

Which of the following has NOT been a compelling factor pushing rural people to migrate to cities in Latin America? individual choices made by the young and the better educated to seek opportunities mechanization of agriculture decreased the labor needs in the countryside to take advantage of government funded programs encouraging people to migrate to large urban areas conditions (educational access, drinking water, health care) are better in urban areas inability of the peasantry to gain ownership of arable farmland from the entrenched latifundia system

Norway and Sweden

Which two nations have accepted the largest number of asylum seekers on a PER CAPITA (i.e. as a percent of their total population)?

widespread unemployment

Which of the following is NOT a future challenge facing Europe because of low (or zero) population growth?

Chinese

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Indo-European language family? Spanish Bengali Chinese Hindi English

petroleum

Which of the following is a fossil fuel?

street vendor

Which of the following jobs would be classified as part of the informal sector?

wind and solar

Which of the following pairs are a renewable energy source?

South Asia (India and Pakistan)

Which of the following places is the most likely source region for an immigrant to the United Kingdom?

Fargo, North Dakota (46°N, 96°W), located near the geographic center of North America

Which of the following places will have the greatest annual difference between summer and winter temperatures?

potatoes

Which of the following products made its way to Europe as part of the Columbian Exchange?

wheat

Which of the following products made its way to the New World as part of the Columbian Exchange?

Guatemala has a higher RNI and TFR than does Uruguay

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the population pyramids for Uruguay and Guatemala? Two population pyramids show age, sex, and percent population data of 2015 for Uruguay on the left and Guatemala on the right. The percent of total population distributed along the x-axis, with males on the left and females on the right. The populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the y-axis, with the youngest age groups (0-4) at the bottom and the oldest (85+) at the top. Guatemala shows a broad base and narrow tip while Uruguay shows a broad base that broadens more on moving up and then decreases to show a narrow tip. All age cohorts from 30-34 down to 0-4 show considerably smaller bars in Uruguay than in Guatemala. All older age cohorts show larger by about 1% in Uruguay than in Guatemala. In Guatemala, the female and male populations are nearly the same. In Uruguay, the female population is more than male for age over 55.

in the highland regions of the Andes, or in the volcanic highlands of Mexico and Central America

Which region of Latin America is one most likely to hear indigenous languages spoken by a majority of the people?

Austria, Switzerland and Hungary

Which set of nations is landlocked? Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary Spain, Greece and Italy Switzerland, Italy and Poland Austria, Switzerland and Hungary Norway, Sweden and Finland

globalization is inevitable but can be managed to reduce inequities

Which statement best describes the middle position with respect to globalization?

Mexico and Venezuela

Which two Latin American countries are among the top ten oil producers in the world?