Geography Chapter 5, Geography Chapter 6

Some Soviet satellite states did not serve as buffers but instead offered a global political or military advantage. The Soviet Union would often intervene in other countries governments to obtain this political advantage. In which state did the Soviet Union intervene with and support several governments until its withdrawal in 1989?

Afghanistan

What are some examples of environmental racism in the United States?

Agricultural workers in the United States, who are primarily Hispanic, are routinely exposed to dangerous pesticides.- Highways are routed near historically impoverished African American communities. - Native American reservation are frequently targeted for the disposal of nuclear waste.

Based upon the population distributions, which group of states would likely have the most Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)?

Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi

Center the map over South Dakota. Which group represents the majority of the population in the counties in South Dakota where whites make up less than 40% of the population?

American Indian

Center the map over Australia. Why does Australia lack border barriers?

Australia does not share a border with any other countries.

Which ethnic group makes up the largest part of the Central African Republic?

Banda

The maps show the distributions of Asian, White, Hispanic, and African American populations in the United States. Use these maps to answer the associated questions. Based upon the population distributions, which state would likely have the most Asian markets and grocery stores?

California

Based upon the population distributions, which group of states would likely have signage in both English and Spanish?

California, New Mexico, and Texas

Chad and one other country have the most culturally diverse populations in the world, according to the Cultural Diversity Index. Which other country has the most culturally diverse population?

Cameroon

The American news media universally adopted the red-blue color scheme to map state results after the 2000 elections. The map below shows the 2016 election results by state. The territorial fragmentation represented by this map demonstrates which concept?

Centrifugal Forces

Which county along the U.S.-Mexico border has the highest percentage of a white population?

Cochise

Filial piety, or honoring one's parents, is a core tenet of Confucian philosophy. It is also a cornerstone of Chinese society. A common example of filial piety is when adult children bring their parents to live with them. Even if it has not vanished, filial piety is significantly less important to Chinese Americans than it is for ethnic Chinese in most parts of the world. Fewer and fewer Chinese Americans share a roof with extended family members. American-born Chinese especially put greater emphasis on freedom and mobility than their parents. At the same time, many elderly Chinese prefer to stay close to ethnic enclaves, such as the Chinatowns established in many American cities. The declining importance of filial piety among Chinese Americans is an example of which cultural effect?

Cultural simplification

On which side of the country is India currently building barriers?

East

In the Southwestern United States, Mexican American ethnic neighborhoods often have brightly colored exterior murals. Which term describes these murals?

Ethnic Flag

Which statement describes the spatial patterns of ethnic territories in the Sahara Desert?

Ethnic territories in the Sahara Desert are generally larger than territories elsewhere.

Between which two regions did the satellite states surrounding the former Soviet Union primarily serve as buffers?

Europe and East Asia

Which satellite state served as a buffer against Japanese expansion following World War I?

Far Eastern Republic

How many ethnic groups' territories border the Lake Malawi shoreline?

Four

Which area acted as a buffer between British-controlled colonies and a Spanish-controlled colony in North America?

Georgia

Territoriality and land allocation:

Gridded agricultural fields - Island building in the South China sea

What are some reasons why many supranational organizations such as the European Union (EU), the Arab League, or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), struggle with commitments to collective interests?

Individual state interests may override collective interests. - There are political, economic, and demographic power imbalances between member states.

In what ways can the dissemination of speech and information across the Internet challenge state sovereignty?

Information created under the laws in one state challenge the laws in another. - Ideas that challenge state authority travel easily across borders.

What characteristic is an example of a racial characteristic?

Light Skin color

Which territory is now a part of China and acted as a buffer between China and the Soviet Union in the early 1940s, during the Second World War?

Manchuria

Which statement describes the relationship between the Cultural Diversity Index and the Ethnic Fractionalization Index?

Many areas of high ethnic diversity often also have high cultural diversity.

Located in the Southwestern United States, the _________ ethnic homeland is one of the most robust in the country. A combination of ________ and rising levels of undocumented immigration has caused this homeland to expand. The _____________ ethnic homeland in the Southeastern United States was once moribound. The __________ contributed to the homeland's initial decline. Recently, however, __________ revitalized the homeland.

Mexican American - giving preference to immigrants with family already in the United States - The Black Belt - Collapse of the plantation sharecropping system- The southward migration of African Americans has

In what ways does the growing phenomenon of transnationalism differ from the movement of people historically?

Modern day movements are typically temporary. - Historical movements were often unidirectional. - Modern day movements are aided by advancements in transportation.

Which of these territorial challenges are more common in large or elongated countries?

Monitoring and controlling migration - Developing and maintaining transportation infrastructure - Responding quickly to natural disasters

Which statement describes the relationship between the boundaries of ethnic groups and national borders in Africa?

National borders do not mirror the boundaries of ethnic groups.

Activate the USA Census Black Population layer and deactivate the other layers. Which state has the highest number of counties where the black population equals 0% of the total population?

Nebraska

In the early twentieth century, many Japanese immigrants came to Brazil to escape poverty in the home country. This immigration peaked when approximately 70,000 Japanese citizens migrated to Brazil in the early 1930s. The Japanese immigrant community resisted attempts by the Brazilian government to force them to assimilate into the mainstream, or "whiten", through intermarriage acculturation. How does the resistance to assimilation impact the descendants of these immigrants?

Other Brazilians still stereotype these descendants as Japanese even though the descendants' families have lived in Brazil for generations.

Which set of states has buffered Argentina and Brazil?

Paraguay and Uruguay

How does the concept of race differ from the concept of ethnicity?

Race is a social construct that refers to physical attributes, whereas ethnicity

Race can affect the everyday mobility of an individual. For example, black and Hispanic drivers are 20% to 30% more likely to get a ticket for a speeding violation. This is an example of what phenomenon?

Racial profiling

Preservation of cultural features:

Rio de Janerio's Waterfront skyline - McDonald's in the Pizza di Spagna in Rome

Which characteristic is an example of an ethnic Characteristic

Shared history of slavery

Which region has average levels of ethnic diversity while also being one of the least culturally diverse?

South America

Complete the passage about the primary expressions of human territoriality on a global scale. A is an independent political unit with a central authority that claims sovereignty within clearly defined spatial boundaries. A is a community of people bound to a homeland and possessing a common identity based on shared cultural traits such as language, ethnicity, and religion. A is an idealized political geographical unit, where the geographic boundaries of a people and its culture would be identical to the territorial boundaries of governance and authority. South Africa is an example of a because its boundaries include groups with many different identities. The cultural groups on the Balkan Peninsula are examples of The borders of the countries in the Balkan Peninsula shifted under conflict between groups such as the Serbs and Croats.

State - Nation - Nation state - Multinational state - Multi state nations

While under colonial rule, some Africans were selected by colonists to study at prestigious universities within Europe, to learn the skills necessary for colonial management. What were some of the unintended results of this process?

Students returned to Africa with ideas of self determination. - Nationalist movements developed to oust Europeans.

How did the Belgian colonial government in Rwanda increase racial tensions?

The Belgians gave Tutsis positions of power in the new colonial government because they perceived them to look more European than the Hutus.

How does the heartland theory reflect outdated ideas of environmental determinism?

The equation of a state's landscape with its capacity for military conquest

What are some possible political consequences of rising sea levels?

The potential for international disputes over sovereignty will rise. - International boundaries and territorial seas will continually shift. - Some countries will lose access to coastal resources such minerals, gas, and oil.

Which statement reflects the relationship between genetic variability and race?

There is more genetic variability within racial categories than between them.

Transportation and national defense:

U.S. Interstate highway system

Which satellite state was made up of six socialist republics and broke free of Moscow's influence when its leader split with Stalin in 1948?

Yugoslavia

Cuban Americans developed diverse ways to transform the Miami neighborhood of Riverside into Little Havana. What are some examples of how Cuban Americans recreated the cultural landscapes from their Cuban homeland within Miami?

grocers that cater to the Spanish inspired culinary traditions of Cuba - cafes that sell specialty drinks, such as café Cubano, on every block- famous restaurants that are social gathering places for the community

India has:

the most kilometers of planned or constructed barriers.

What is the most common reason that countries build barriers on their borders?

to prevent illegal immigration